Trafficking of rhino horn from Africa to East Asian Markets
description
Transcript of Trafficking of rhino horn from Africa to East Asian Markets
Understanding the Micro & Macro-environment of Wildlife Criminal Dynamics
of Ivory and Rhino horn in Africa: Prosecution driven Investigations and
RhoDIS
Dr. Joseph Okori: WWF African Rhino Programme Leader
Symposium on Combating Wildlife Crime:Securing Enforcement, Ensuring Justice and Upholding
the Rule of LawQueen Sirikit National Convention Center
Bangkok, Thailand10‐12 March 2013
Trafficking of rhino horn from Africa to East Asian Markets
Supply, demand and dynamic transit points and ports
Macroscopic dimensions of
rhino horn trade and trafficking
Micro-Trafficking
environmentRhoDIS as a tool
Prosecution driven
Investigations
Syndicated wildlife criminals
in AfricaGlobal Market Demand for
Ivory & Rhino Horn Primary
Poachers(Dedicated)
Secondary Poachers
(Extra Income)
Linked to other Crimes
Established & Domesticated
Transient
Primary Consumers
International Routes
Local Markets
The Micro-trafficking Environment: The Grass Root Engagement
Illegal Market
Legal Horn
Trophies & 1-off’s
DriversShifts
Final Consumers?
King-Pins2007-2013 = 0
Traffickers (Local & Transnational)
>25
Poachers 2012 = 267
Prosecution Driven Investigations
Prosecutions Investigations
Poaching and Trade Chain
Crime Scenes
History, relations,Revenue, Customs
Drivers
Diverse end markets Se
nten
cing
South Africa - Arrests 2013 2012 2011 2010 KNP 26 73 82 67 MNP 0 0 0 0 Gauteng (GP) 3 26 16 10 Mpumalanga (MP) 1 66 73 16 Eastern Cape (EC) 0 0 2 7 Limpopo (LP) 11 43 34 36 North West (NW) 8 32 21 2 Free State (FS) 0 6 0 0 KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) 1 20 4 25 Western Cape (WC) 0 0 0 2 Northern Cape (NC) 0 1 0 0 Total 50 267 232 165
Rhino Poaching Arrest Statistics
A SA-DEAT Press release
Crime Scene
Recognition of Nature and
form of Threat
Ecological and
economic Impact
Enabling conditions for WC to
thrive
Awareness of
Seriousness of Wildlife
Crime
Purpose: Using Investigative strategies and tools to understand criminal networks, expose them and ensure successful prosecutions
Prosecution driven investigations allows for untangling poaching and trafficking chains with the aim of bring criminals to face justice.
Expert witnesses & Aggravation of Sentencing
Chain of Evidence
GEF INTERPOL
SADC-RESG CITES LATF
A WWF Contribution to:
Thank you