Traffic Speed Analysis

Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology

Traffic Speed Analysis: spot speed, travel speed & speed flow

Submitted by

Ahmed Ferdous Abdul Moid Ankon

1004137

Department of civil engineering

Acknowledgement

This study was not possible without the help of DR. MD. SHAMSUL HOQUE and Sanjana Hossain. Also help of other group was beyond just sharing data.We are grateful to Dhaka Metropolitan Police also for their helping.

Dedication

DR. MD. SHAMSUL HOQUE

Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology

DECLARATION

We hereby declare that this report is our own work and effort and that it has not been submitted

anywhere for any award. All the contents provided here is totally based on our own labor

dedicated for the completion of the laboratory experiment of volume study of the road lying near to our university.

Where other sources of information have been used, they have been acknowledged and the

sources of information’s have been provided in the reference section.

Abstract

Speed is an important transportation consideration because it relates to safety, time, comfort, convenience and economics.It is prerequisite of design of road ,signal, marking and management. Also accident ,level of service and capacity analysis is a function of it.

Both manual and automatic method are available.But considering weather,nonlane base vehicle,nmv and cost we have mainly used manual method

Mainly stop watch ,chain and sheet were used .Group member used to form group and assigned for speed count and registering number plate. Some point speed gun was used for verifying.

It can be understood that maximum vehicle varies speed between 15-20 mph.About 40%.Velocity less than 10mph is very rare.It showed about 50% vehicle was light vehicle.So a summary can be taken as light vehicle are running at a speed near 20 mph in that sectionAs 50% light vehicle and here 40% are at 20 mph. Aboutut 20% of the private care are at 20mph speedModal speed 16 mph for this road and traffic condition.That is most car want to maintain 16mph while operatingPace is in between 9mph and 24mph.That is most driver are seen with 15 mph difference , to be in between these speedsAs the curve is nearly symettric,so 5mphMedian speed is 16 mphSpeed limit is 9mph to 19 mphSpace mean speed is 2.5mph and time mean is 4mphIt is evident space mean is less than time mean speedThe war drop relationship is establishedWe can see we are within Level of serviceVisual seems to be los C.

If speed gun and wireless (travel speed) were used more frequently more reliable data could be gained.Some group used it unevenly.If equitable use were done data would be more correct.

Chapter one:

1.1 Introduction:A study on speed analysis has been taken in between panthapath and rassel square.

Speed is an important transportation consideration because it relates to safety, time, comfort, convenience and economics. The actual speed of vehicles over a particular route may fluctuate widely depending on several factors such as geometric features, traffic conditions, time, place, environment and driver.

1.2 Objectives :

Main objective of traffic study are

Capacity studies Geometric studies Accident analysis Economic studies Performance studies Planning and designing of

1. Traffic signal design2. Road sign design3. Parking crossing design4. Establishing speed limit5. Speed zoning6. Placing control device

More elaborately:

i. Determining existing traffic operations and evaluation of traffic control devices a Evaluating and determining proper speed limits b Determining the 50th and 85th speed percentiles

c Evaluating and determining proper advisory speeds d Establishing the limits of no-passing zones e Determining the proper placements of traffic control signs and markings f Setting appropriate traffic signal timing

ii. Establishing roadway design elements a Evaluating and determining proper intersection sight distance b Evaluating and determining proper passing sight distance (for more information

refer to Chapter 3 in the AASHTO Green Book) c Evaluating and determining proper stopping sight distance

iii. Assessing roadway safety questions a Evaluating and verifying speeding problems b Assessing speed as a contributor to vehicle crashes c Investigating input from the public or other officials

iv. Monitoring traffic speed trends by systematic ongoing speed studies a Measuring effectiveness of traffic control devices or traffic programs, including

signs and markings, traffic operational changes, and speed enforcement programs

1.3 Scope of Traffic Speed Studies:

To complete the current experiment of transportation engineering lab-III we have conducted spotspeed and travel speed analysis. We have conducted the delay analysis as well. Below is thescopes of spot speed and travel speed studies.

Spot speed studies are conducted to estimate the distribution of speeds of vehicles in a stream oftraffic at a particular location on a highway and are used for:

Establishing the effectiveness of new or existing speed limits and/or enforcementpractices Establishing trends to assess the effectiveness of national policy on speed limits andenforcement Specific design applications (like sight distance, breaking distance, passing distanceetc.)

Specific control applications (yellow/all red timing – the size of dilemma zonedepends on speed) Investigation of high-accident locations at which speed is suspected to be a causative

Chapter Two:Literature review

Before a study some definition has to be clarified

2.2 Definition of Speed:In simple words, speed is defined as the distance travelled in a unit time. Speed is expressedin m/s, fps, mph etc. units.:

2.3 a. Spot speed

Spot speed is the instantaneous speed of a vehicle as it passes a specified point along a road.Spot speeds may be determined by manually measuring (with use of electronic orelectromechanical devices like pneumatic tube detectors or radars) the time required for avehicle to traverse a relatively short specified distance.

2.4 Free flow speed: The desired speed of drivers in low volume conditions and in the absence of traffic control devices. In other words, the mean speed of passenger cars that can be maintained in low to moderate flow rates on a uniform freeway segment prevailing roadway and traffic conditions.

2.5 Travel speed Travel speed is the effective speed of the vehicle on a journey between two points and is the distance between the two points divided by the total time taken for the vehicle to complete the travel including any stopped time. If the journey speed is less than running speed, it indicates that the journey follows a stop-go condition with enforced acceleration and deceleration. The spot speed here may vary from zero to some maximum in excess of the running speed. Uniformity between travel and running speeds denotes comfortable travel conditions

2.6 Design speed Design speed is defined as the maximum safe speed that can be maintained over a specified section of highway when conditions are so favorable that the design features of the highway govern (ITE 1999). This definition implies that the design speed should be selected based on drivers expectations, the type of highway and terrain and topography.

2.7.Parts of traffic studies:Traffic studies include: Inventory of road traffic physical features Traffic stream characteristics- volume, speed, density, occupancy studies etc. Capacity studies of streets and intersections System usage studies- Travel time and delay, O-D survey Travel demand- home interview survey Road users cost- Value of travel time, vehicle operating cost Parking supply & demand studies

2.8. Reconnaissance survey

2.8.1. Purpose :

The main objective of reconnaissance survey is of examining the general character of the area for the purpose of determining the most feasible routes, or routes, for further more detailed investigations. Data collected should be adequate to examine the feasibility of all the different routes in question, as also to furnish the Engineer-in-charge with approximate estimates of quantities of costs, so as to enable him to decide on the most suitable alternative or alternatives. The survey should also help in determining any deviations necessary in the basic geometric standards to be adopted for the highway facility.

2.8.2 Survey Method

The reconnaissance survey may be conducted in the following sequence (a) Study of topographical survey sheets, agricultural, soil, geological and meteorological maps, and aerial photographs, if available. (b) Aerial reconnaissance (where necessary and feasible)

(c) Ground reconnaissance (including another round of aerial reconnaissance for inaccessible and difficult stretches, where called for).

2.8.3 Aerial Reconnaissance

An aerial reconnaissance will provide a bird’s eye view of eh alignments under consideration along with the surrounding area. It will help to identify factors which call for rejection or modification of any of the alignment. Final decision about the alignments to be studied in detail on the ground could be taken on the basis of the aerial reconnaissance.

2.8.4 Ground Reconnaissance The various alternative routes located as a result of the map study are further examined in the field by ground reconnaissance. As such, this part of the survey is an important link in the chain of activities leading to selection of the final route. General reconnaissance consists of general examination of the ground walking or riding along the probable route and collecting all available information necessary for evaluating the same. In the case of hill sections, it may sometime be advantageous to start the reconnaissance from the obligatory point situated close to the top

\2.8.5. Previous Studies

Several studies were made .Among this a study by AHSANULLAH UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY is most recent. Tejgaon-Flyover junction to Shatrasta roundabout was the portion of interest there.But classified speed was avoided for simplification.We have tried to relate all kinds of vehicle and also to understand the level of service which gives a better scenario.[REF 1]

Chapter 3

Methodology

Speed is an important measure of the quality of travel and safety of road network. Speed by definition is the rate of movement of vehicle in distance per unit time. A typical unit of speed is kilometers per hour (KMPH) or miles per hour (mph).

The main purpose of this study is to determine traffic parameter, specially speed. Spot Speed measurements are most often taken at a point (or a short section) of road way under conditions of free flow.

The intent is to determine the speeds that drivers select, unaffected by the existence of congestion. This information is used to determine general speed trends, to help determine reasonable speed limits, and to assess safety.

Spot Speed studies are conducted to estimate the distribution of speeds of vehicles in a stream of traffic at a particular location on a highway.

This is carried out by recording the speeds of a sample of vehicles at a specified location.When we measure the traffic parameter over a short distance, we generally measure the spot speed. A spot speed is made by measuring the individual speeds of a sample of the vehicle passing a given spot on a street or highway. Spot speed studies are used to determine the speed distribution of a traffic stream at a specific location. The data gathered in spot speed studies are used to determine vehicle speed percentiles, which are useful in making many speed-related decisions. Spot speed data have a number of safety applications, including the following

• Speed trends,

• Traffic control planning,

• Accidental analysis,

• Geometric design,

• Research studies.

Methods of Spot Speed Measurement

Methods of conducting spot speed Studies are divided into two main categories: Manual and Automatic. Spot speeds may be estimated by manually measuring the time it takes a vehicle to travel between two defined points on the roadway a known distance apart (short distance), usually less than 90m. Distance between two points is generally depending upon the average speed of traffic stream. Following tables gives recommended study length (in meters) for various average stream speed ranges (in KMPH)

Methods of Spot Speed Studies

Following are the some methods to measure spot speed of vehicles in a traffic stream, in which first two are manual methods and other are automatic:

Stop Watch Method

In this method, markings of pavement are placed across the road at each end of trap. Observer start and stops the watch as vehicle passes lines.

In this method, minimum two observers required to collect the data, of which one is standing at the starting point to start and stop the stop watch and other one is standing at end point to give indication to stop the watch when vehicle passes the end line.

Advantage of this method is that after the initial installation no set-up time is required, markings are easily renewed.

Disadvantages of this method are that substantial error can be introduced, and magnitude of error may change for substitute studies. This method is only applicable for low traffic conditions.

Key Steps to a Stopwatch Spot Speed Study

A stopwatch spot speed study includes five key steps:

1. Obtain appropriate study length. 2. Select proper location and layout. 3. Record observations on stopwatch spot speed study data form. 4. Calculate vehicle speeds. 5. Generate frequency distribution table and determine speed percentiles.

Obtain Appropriate Study Length

The study length is important because it is used in the calculation of vehicle speeds. Following table provides recommended study lengths, which are based on the average speed of the traffic stream. Using these recommended study lengths makes speed calculations straightforward and less confusing. If these lengths are not appropriate, another length can be used assuming it is long enough for reliable observer reaction times.

Table: Recommended Spot Speed Study Lengths

Traffic Stream Average Speed

Recommended Study Length(feet)

Below 25 mph 8825–40 mph 176Above 40 mph 264

Select Proper Location and Layout

Figure 2.2 illustrates a typical layout for conducting a spot speed study using a stopwatch. When selecting a location and layout, care must be exercised so that the observer can clearly see any vertical reference posts. The observer should be positioned higher than the study area and be looking down. The position could be on a bridge or a roadway back slope. The observer should use reference points to aid in collecting the elapsed time it takes a vehicle to travel through the study area. The reference point to start timing may be a brightly colored vertical post. The reference point to end timing may be a tree or a signpost in the observer’s sight line. An accurate sketch of the site should be documented, including number of lanes, position of observer, and description of reference points (see Figure 2.2 for an example).

Fig 2.2: Stopwatch spot speed study

Calculate Vehicle Speeds

To calculate vehicle speed, use the predetermined study length and the elapsed time it took the vehicle to move through the course (as recorded on the stopwatch data form) in the following formula:

where

V = spot speed (mph),

D = length (feet), and

T = elapsed time (seconds).

In the equation, 1.47 is a constant that converts units of feet per second into miles per hour. For example, if the spot speed study length is 150 feet and the motorist’s elapsed time is 4.23 seconds, the motorist is travelling at

The pressure contact strips, either pneumatic or electric, are used to indicate the time of entering and leaving the base length.When a vehicle passes over the tube

laid at the first reference point, an air impulse is sent, which activates an electromagnetically controlled stop-watch in the hands of the observer. When the vehicle passes over the second tube, the stop watch automatically stops. Then the reading is noted by the observer or is auto saved into computer.

Advantages: The risk of human error is reduced, and parallaxerror can be avoided completely.This is the best method over short distance. It gives quite relevant data and if it is connected through graphical recorder then it gives continuous data automatically.

Disadvantage:Pressure contact tubes are easily sensed by the drivers which may affect their behavior.

3.2.3 Doppler-Principle Meters (Radar)

This radar meters are frequently used for measurement of spot speed.It measures speed directly by measuring the difference in the frequency between the emitted and reflected radar waveemitted on an oncoming vehicle. It is radar meter which is targeted to a vehicle, so the wave, the frequency between the emitted and reflected wave that the difference is used to calculate the speed. This is normally referred as Doppler Effect. Dynamometer actually works based on the principle of Doppler Effect, which justifies the difference in frequency is proportional to the speed of oncoming vehicle. Using this principle the instrument is programmed to calculate the speed of the vehicle.

This is recent advancement in speed studies; it automatically records speed, and employs a radar transmitter-receiver unit. The apparatus transmits high frequency electromagnetic waves as a narrow beam towards the moving vehicle, the beam changes its frequency depending up on the vehicle’s speed and is returned to the receiver unit. Upon calibration spot speed of the vehicle is obtained.

Though these meters are widely used by engineers, traffic polices and others these have certain practical limitations. They are

•In some situations there is a possibility of recording wrong input like when a test sample is obstructed by other vehicles, the triggered radar beam bounds back by hitting the obstacle but not the test sample.

•Accurate measurements from radar meter are obtained only when the radar wave is reflected directly along the axis of the movement. But in some cases it is practically difficult.

3.2.4 Electronic-Principle Detectors (Photography)

In this method a camera records the distance moved by a vehicle in a selected short time. In this exposure of photograph should be in a constant time interval and the distance travelled by the vehicle is measured by projecting the films during the exposure interval. The main advantage of method is that, it gives a permanent record with 100% sample obtained. This method is quite expensive and generally adopted in a situation where evidence is required. Even video recorder can be used which give more accurate result.

Among these available methods, we adopted stop watch method considering the advantages and adaptability of the method. The detailed experimental procedure followed will be discussed in the following section.

Chapter four

4.Data collection:

Data collection:

About 800 meter road section were chosen .First groups were spitted in even interval. Before starting counting observation for five minutes were done. After observation members were assigned with fixed vehicle type for spot speed.

After that a short trial count were conducted. Several challenges came like obstacle observation sight, pedestrian activity, new non listed vehicle e type. Reassuring counter measures a suitable place was chosen. Predominate vehicle type was assigned to a individual member. Whereas several less available vehicle was grouped to one individual. After that reading were taken by different group. Tally sheet was filled .also for frequent vehicle counter was used.

At last we chosen a raised platform near a counter for observation. Light vehicle was assigned to two person, while bus and truck was assigned to one. others were evenly distributed.

Location: Location of the spot for traffic volume survey was between Russel square and Panthapath of about 899meter Date: Data for volume study was collected on July 19, 2007. It was Wednesday and it was a weekday. 4.1. Time: Time of data collection for volume study: 10.15am 4.2. Weather Condition: It was a hot humid day. Sky was partly cloudy. At the time of data collection it was drizzling for a while. 4.3. Observation:

Numerators were assigned as per demand

44. Duration: 30 minutes

4.5. Equipment: Hand counter, Tally sheet, stop watch,Speed gun

4.6. Number of Enumerators: Six.

Chapter five:Data analysis

First the concern section is first 1000m starting from Panthapath intersection.A midblock between these is choosen of 88’.

From the data recorded speed is measured below

Raw data is available with more no of vehicle in Appendix A

Vehicle sample no. time (sec) speed (mph) average speed(mph)microbus 1 2.9 20.69 15.78

2 3.4 17.653 8.6 6.984 3.2 18.755 2.8 21.43

Motor Cycle 1 3.9 15.38 27.252 1.5 40.003 2.8 21.434 2.3 26.095 1.8 33.33

Auto Rickshaw 1 8.2 7.32 8.592 4.7 12.773 9.2 6.524 7.9 7.595 8.9 6.74

Bus 1 8.7 6.90 6.9Car 1 3.31 18.13 15.90

2 3.2 18.753 3 20.004 3.4 17.655 3.46 17.34

It is evident that motorcycle has the highest velocity

Again bus has the lowest one. This is mainly the side friction associated with their size and nature of

service(i.e bus has a tendency to stop and go for reqruiting)

For group 2 for the next 100m another suitable 88’ section was choosen

Speed analysis is given below

Vehicle type Travel time (sec) Speed in mphBus 4.41 13.60544

4.24 14.150944.33 13.85681

CNG 4.48 13.392863.75 164.28 14.01869

Motor cycle 5.52 10.869575.46 10.989016.18 9.708738

Private car 3.28 18.292683.29 18.237083.96 15.151523.81 15.748033.62 16.57459

Clearly dominating speed of motor cycle has reduced and speed of bus has increased

This is the result of that near intersection bus has a tendency to reduce speed but in a free section it has increased velocity.Again for this a safety for other vehicle like motorbike has reduced

The medium size vehicle has optimumed max velocity due to this

Similarly for next 100 m We have got speed like below

Vehicle Time (sec) Length (m) Speed (m/s) in mph

Car 3.2 26.83 8.38 18.75

Motorcycle 2.9 26.83 9.25 20.68966

Micro-bus 3.35 26.83 8.01 17.91045

Pickup van 3.8 26.83 7.06 15.78947

CNG 3.1 26.83 8.65 19.35484

Private car 2.8 26.83 9.58 21.42857

Clearly as section is getting far from intersection velocity of all type vehicle is increasing

Private car speed is maximum at this section

Bus,mph 12.2499 10.96892 14.28571 17.54386

light Vehicle,mph 15.83113 20 16.94915 30.92784

Cng,mph 30 23.4375 17.75148 11.23596

pick up,maxi,mph 31.74603 16.85393 15.78947 15.7

Motor Cycle,mph 13.10044 10.41667 16.57459 23.62205

Very routine nature.As intersection approaching heavy vehicle has decreased speed while bike has increased

Light vehicle is speed dominating

Now data from russel square to panrhapath is given

Vehicle Type Stopwatch Speed mphBus (B) 3 20Truck (T) 3.1 19.35484Light Vehicle (LV) 2.7 22.22222

2.2 27.272733.3 18.181823.8 15.789474.4 13.63636

Auto Rickshaw (AR) 3.4 17.647065.5 10.909093.6 16.66667

Motor Cycle (MC) 7.9 7.5949372.9 20.689663.6 16.66667

Immediate section after intersection has max speed in cars Speed in this side is greater, even it is near intersection. This is may be

due to channelization

In this diection speed in 88’ of next 100m is given below

CAR CNG Bus Motor Cycle

Speed mph

Time Speed(mph) Time

Speed-mph

Time

4.27 14.05 13 15.04 4.12 14.56 2.9 20.694.12 14.56 12 20.91 4.43 13.54 4.29 13.992.9 20.69 3.86 3.12 19.23 2.5 24.003.38 17.75 13 14.74 3.09 19.42 4.47 13.422.96 20.27 12 9.36 2.65 22.64 3.41 17.608.62 6.96 11 12.45 4.12 3.78 15.875.58 10.75 16 28.44 4.43 3.07 19.54

Speed of all vehicle in this relative middle section is reaching in astable position.All around 20mph

Data of two groups subsequently is given below

Type Duration

Distance

Speed ( f/sec)

Speed (m/sec)

Average speed (m/sec)

private car 9 88 9.78 2.98 3.26 20.13243

7 88 12.57 3.83 15.65855

9 88 9.78 2.98 20.13243

CNG 6.5 88 13.54 4.13 3.80 14.54009

6.5 88 13.54 4.13 14.54009

8.5 88 10.35 3.16 19.01396

Bus 9 88 9.78 2.98 3.28 20.13243

7.5 88 11.73 3.58 16.77702

Motor Cycle 7 88 12.57 3.83 3.66 15.65855

7.5 88 11.73 3.58 16.77702

7.5 88 11.73 3.58 16.77702

Private cars are maintain speed aroun 20mph through all the section With approaching to inter section max speed is decresing

For the last 100m we get the speed study like below

Vehicle sample no. time (sec) speed (mph) average speed(mph)microbus 1 3.22 18.63 13.65

2 4.12 14.563 4.29 13.994 5.09 11.795 6.85 8.76

Motor Cycle 1 5.08 11.81 21.222 2.74 21.903 3.8 15.794 2.4 25.005 1.9 31.58

Auto Rickshaw 1 6.9 8.70 8.292 7.77 7.723 7.6 7.894 5.94 10.10

7 6.2 9.68Bus 1 8.97 6.69 6.9Car 1 6.69 8.97 13.24

2 4.65 12.903 3.45 17.39

As intersection has approached Heavy vehicle has reduced speed Motor bike has max speed greater than 20mph

2.1 Flow Histrogram:

It will show %frequency vs speed range data.From here we can understand at which speed maximum percent of vehicle are prone to travel.

Below the histrogram is given

5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 35.00 40.000

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

%frequency vs speed histogram

Series1

spot speed,mph

%fr

eque

ncy

It can be understood that maximum vehicle varies speed between 15-20 mph.About 40%.

Velocity less than 10mph is very rare. From speed data we can say there is not free flow nor”stop and go”situation Very few vehicle are within speed greater than 35mph Again volume study [reference 1] showed about 50% vehicle was light

vehicle.So a summary can be taken as light vehicle are running at a speed near 20 mph in that section

As 50% light vehicle and here 40% are at 20 mph.so.50*.40*100 that is about 20% of the private care are at 20mph speed

Frequency Curve

This curve plots %frequency vs spot speed.

From herewe get

Modal speed Pace of traffic stream Average speed Upper and lower speed limit regulation Design speed

Details data calculation,sorting are given in Appendix

speed mid speed frequency %frequency0 to 5 2.5 0 05 to 10 7.5 1 0.65359510 to 15 12.5 58 37.908515 to 20 17.5 61 39.8692820 to 25 22.5 22 14.3790825 to 30 27.5 6 3.92156930 to 35 32.5 5 3.26797435 to 40 37.5 1 0.653595

total 100

With this data frequency curve can be produced

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 400

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Series2

spot speed,mph

% fr

eque

ncy

SO we can conclude-

Modal speed 16 mph for this road and traffic condition.That is most car want to maintain 16mph while operating

Pace is in between 9mph and 24mph.That is most driver are seen with 15 mph difference , to be in between these speeds

As the curve is nearly symettric,so Median speed is also 16mph

Average speed:

Though a number of vehicle type were present we can estimate average velocity to get a rough idea about discharge

Below here average speed is calculated

speed mid speed frequency %frequency v total0 to 5 2.5 0 0 05 to 10 7.5 1 0.653595 7.510 to 15 12.5 58 37.9085 72515 to 20 17.5 61 39.86928 1067.520 to 25 22.5 22 14.37908 49525 to 30 27.5 6 3.921569 16530 to 35 32.5 5 3.267974 162.535 to 40 37.5 1 0.653595 37.5

154 100 total 2660

Average speed =2660/154=17.27mph

Vehicle are running at a speed of 17.27mph

Cumulative frequency distribution:

It provides us several data

Design speed Safe speed Speed limits Median speed

Here it is calculated below

speed

mid speed

frequency

%frequency

cumulative frequency

0 to 5

2.5 0 0 0

5 to 10

7.5 1 0.649351 0.64935065

10 to 15

12.5 58 37.66234 38.3116883

15 to 17.5 61 39.61039 77.922077

20 920 to 25

22.5 22 14.28571 92.2077922

25 to 30

27.5 6 3.896104 96.1038961

30 to 35

32.5 5 3.246753 99.3506494

35 to 40

37.5 1 0.649351 100

Now we can provide the graph-

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 400

20

40

60

80

100

120

Series2

Axis Title

Axis Title

95%85%50%15%

So we have get Our design speed to be 32.5mph

Median speed is 16 mph.Look it has satisfied the previous %ferquency vs speed curve

Safe speed is 19mph Speed limit is 9mph to 19 mph

Travel Speed :

Travel speed in between these section is given below

More data is given with all group in Appendix:

duration speed time mean speed,m/s space mean,m/s

179 4.469274 4.829396 2.556784110 7.272727105 7.619048106 7.54717150 5.333333285 2.80701898 8.16326594 8.510638109 7.3394550 16130 6.153846135 5.9259261019 0.785083

137 5.839416144 5.555556144 5.555556158 5.063291153 5.228758

If we want to compare

10123456

time mean speed and space mean speed

time mean space mean

We can conclude

Space mean speed is 2.5mph and time mean is 4mph It is evident space mean is less than time mean speed

War drop Relationship:

The war drop relationship is established below

Full Data is available in Appendix

duration speed time mean space mean (ʋi- ʋt)^2 sd space

speed mean+sd62/space mean

179 4.469274 4.829396 2.556784 0.129688 5.787736 3.9987110 7.272727 52.89256105 7.619048 58.04989106 7.54717 56.95977150 5.333333 28.44444285 2.807018 7.87934798 8.163265 66.638994 8.510638 72.43096109 7.33945 53.8675250 16 256130 6.153846 37.86982135 5.925926 35.11661019 0.785083 0.616356137 5.839416 34.09878144 5.555556 30.8642144 5.555556 30.8642158 5.063291 25.63692153 5.228758 27.33991247 3.238866 10.49026215 3.72093 13.84532

So we can say it has satisfied the relationship

Flow curve:

For determining level of service we assumed capacity to be 2000vpd

Below calculation is shown

v (veh/hr) c (veh/hr) v/c rario Space mean speed, Vs (mph)

0 00.5 10

1100 2000 0.55 110.85 20

1 300.92 400.78 50

0.515 600 70

From graph we get-

We can see we are within Level of service F.But

Visual seems to be los C This is due to that we assumed to be lane wise and

motorized vehicle which is not the real situation

Conclusion:

It can be understood that maximum vehicle varies speed between 15-20 mph.About 40%.

Velocity less than 10mph is very rare. From speed data we can say there is not free flow nor”stop and go”situation Very few vehicle are within speed greater than 35mph Again volume study [reference 1] showed about 50% vehicle was light

vehicle.So a summary can be taken as light vehicle are running at a speed near 20 mph in that section

As 50% light vehicle and here 40% are at 20 mph.so.50*.40*100 that is about 20% of the private care are at 20mph speed

Modal speed 16 mph for this road and traffic condition.That is most car want to maintain 16mph while operating

Pace is in between 9mph and 24mph.That is most driver are seen with 15 mph difference , to be in between these speeds

As the curve is nearly symettric,so Median speed is also 16mph Our design speed to be 32.5mph Median speed is 16 mph.Look it has satisfied the previous %ferquency vs

speed curve Safe speed is 19mph Speed limit is 9mph to 19 mph Space mean speed is 2.5mph and time mean is 4mph It is evident space mean is less than time mean speed The war drop relationship is established We can see we are within Level of service F Visual seems to be los C This is due to that we assumed to be lane wise and motorized vehicle which

is not the real situation

RECOMMANDATION:

As speed decreases near the two intersection ,channelization on panthapath side and it’s implication should be introduced.

We have found speed to be decreased due to loss of width which is the result of unauthorized parking.So improvement can be done here.

If speed gun and wireless (travel speed) were used more frequently more reliable data could be gained.Some group used it unevenly.If equitable use were done data would be more correct

References1. “ Traffic Speed Study”, Sanchari Halder, Md. Aminul Islam, AHSANULLAH UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY,retrived from www.researchgate.net/publication

2. Robertson, H. D. 1994. Spot Speed Studies. In Manual of Transportation Engineering

Studies, ed. H. D. Robertson, J. E. Hummer, D. C. Nelson. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.:

Prentice Hall, Inc., pp. 33–51.

3. .Currin, T. R. 2001. Spot Speed Study. In Introduction to Traffic Engineering: A Manual for

Data Collection and Analysis, ed. B. Stenquist. Stamford, Conn.: Wadsworth Group,

pp. 4–12.

4 . Homburger, W. S., J. W. Hall, R. C. Loutzenheiser, and W. R. Reilly. 1996. Spot Speed

Studies. In Fundamentals of Traffic Engineering. Berkeley: Institute of

Transportation Studies, University of California, Berkeley, pp. 6.1–6.9.

5 . Parma, K. 2001. Survey of Speed Zoning Practices: An Informational Report. Washington,

D.C.: Institute of Transportation Engineers.

APPENDIX:A1

APPENDIX :A2

speed 0-5 5-10- 10/15/ 15-20 20-25 25-30 30/35 35/4020.69 na na na na 20.69 na na na17.65 na na na 17.65 na na na na18.75 na na na 18.75 na na na na21.43 na na na na 21.43 na na na14.29 na na 14.29 na na na na na19.35 na na na 19.35 na na na na15.38 na na na 15.38 na na na na

40 na na na na na na na 4021.43 na na na na 21.43 na na na26.09 na na na na na 26.09 na na33.33 na na na na na na 33.33 na12.77 na na 12.77 na na na na na13.04 na na 13.04 na na na na na18.13 na na na 18.13 na na na na18.75 na na na 18.75 na na na na

20 na na na na na na na na17.65 na na na 17.65 na na na na17.34 na na na 17.34 na na na na15.38 na na na 15.38 na na na na15.67 na na na 15.67 na na na na14.12 na na 14.12 na na na na na14.25 na na 14.25 na na na na na16.9 na na na 16.9 na na na na11.54 na na 11.54 na na na na na13.64 na na 13.64 na na na na na20.07 na na na na 20.07 na na na13.51 na na 13.51 na na na na na11.61 na na 11.61 na na na na na14.05 na na 14.05 na na na na na14.56 na na 14.56 na na na na na20.69 na na na na 20.69 na na na17.75 na na na 17.75 na na na na20.27 na na na na 20.27 na na na10.75 na na 10.75 na na na na na11.81 na na 11.81 na na na na na17.75 na na na 17.75 na na na na15.04 na na na 15.04 na na na na

20.91 na na na na 20.91 na na na3.86 3.86 0 FALSE na na na na na14.74 na na 14.74 na na na na na12.45 na na 12.45 na na na na na28.44 na na na na na 28.44 na na18.29 na na na 18.29 na na na na14.56 na na 14.56 na na na na na13.54 na na 13.54 na na na na na19.23 na na na 19.23 na na na na19.42 na na na 19.42 na na na na22.64 na na na na 22.64 na na na20.69 na na na na 20.69 na na na13.99 na na 13.99 na na na na na

24 na na na na 24 na na na13.42 na na 13.42 na na na na na17.6 na na na 17.6 na na na na15.87 na na na 15.87 na na na na19.54 na na na 19.54 na na na na14.81 na na 14.81 na na na na na

13.60544 na na

13.60544 na na na na na

14.15094 na na


13.85681 na na


13.39286 na na


16 na na na 16 na na na na14.0186

9 na na14.0186

9 na na na na na10.8695

7 na na10.8695


1 na na10.9890


8 na na na18.2926

8 na na na na18.2370

8 na na na18.2370


2 na na na15.1515


3 na na na15.7480


9 na na na16.5745

9 na na na na18.75 na na na 18.75 na na na na

20.68966 na na na na

20.68966 na na na

17.91045 na na na


15.78947 na na na


19.35484 na na na



21.42857 na na na

12.2499 na na 12.2499 na na na na na15.8311

3 40 na na na15.8311

3 na na na na30 na na na na na na na na

31.74603 na na na na na na

31.74603 na

13.10044 na na


10.96892 na na


20 na na na na na na na na23.4375 na na na na 23.4375 na na na16.8539

3 na na na16.8539


7 na na10.4166


1 na na14.2857


5 na na na16.9491


8 na na na17.7514


7 na na na15.7894


9 na na na16.5745


6 na na na17.5438


4 na na na na na na30.9278

4 na11.2359

6 na na11.2359



5 na na na33.7078

7 na na na na na na33.7078

7 na12.2699

4 na na12.2699


2 na na na15.3846


5 na na13.4831

5 na na na na na

17.34104 na na na



24.79339 na na na

19.35484 na na na



22.22222 na na na


27.27273 na na

18.18182 na na na


15.78947 na na na


13.63636 na na


17.64706 na na na


10.90909 na na


16.66667 na na na



20.68966 na na na

16.66667 na na na



20.13243 na na na

15.65855 na na na



20.13243 na na na

14.54009 na na


14.54009 na na


19.01396 na na na



29.08017 na na

14.54009 na na



20.13243 na na na

16.77702 na na na


16.77702 na na na



22.36936 na na na

29.0801 na na na na na 29.0801 na na

7 716.7770

2 na na na16.7770

2 na na na na0 0 FALSE na na na na na

15.65855 na na na


16.77702 na na na


16.77702 na na na


18.63 na na na18.6335

4 na na na na

14.56 na na14.5631

1 na na na na na

13.99 na na13.9860

1 na na na na na

11.79 na na11.7878

2 na na na na na

13.64 na na13.6363

6 na na na na na

17.05 na na na17.0454

5 na na na na

10.79 na na10.7913

7 na na na na na

11.81 na na11.8110

2 na na na na na

21.90 na na na na21.8978

1 na na na

15.79 na na na15.7894

7 na na na na25.00 na na na na na na na na

31.58 na na na na na na31.5789

5 na

10.10 na na10.1010

1 na na na na na

12.90 na na12.9032

3 na na na na na17.39 na na na 17.3913 na na na na

13.16 na na13.1578


13.82 na na13.8248

8 na na na na na

11.54 na na11.5384

6 na na na na na

15.23 na na na15.2284

3 na na na na

11.03 na na11.0294


3

10.51 na na10.5078

8 na na na na na

12.74 na na12.7388

5 na na na na na

14.22 na na14.2180

1 na na na na na

13.92 na na13.9211

1 na na na na na

APPENDIX:BSerial No.

Registration Number Entry time

Exit time travel time

travel speed

min sec min sec sec

1 8042 2 30 5 29 1794.46927

4

2 6432 4 51 6 41 1107.27272

7

3 3622 6 24 8 9 1057.61904

84 2746 6 36 8 22 106 7.54717

5 8207 6 57 9 27 1505.33333

3

6 8677 8 22 13 7 2852.80701

8

7 9116 8 37 10 15 988.16326

5

8 2917 8 43 10 17 948.51063

89 7423 9 18 11 7 109 7.33945

10 696 10 21 11 11 50 16

11 4801 10 6 12 16 1306.15384

6

12 655 10 17 12 32 1355.92592

6

13 6420 10 36 27 35 10190.78508

3

14 6669 10 41 12 58 1375.83941

6

15 6803 10 45 13 9 1445.55555

6

16 9844 10 49 13 13 1445.55555

6

17 7614 10 53 13 31 1585.06329

1

18 7932 11 1 13 34 1535.22875

8

19 4003 12 1 16 8 2473.23886

620 2209 12 6 15 41 215 3.72093

21 3100 12 32 16 11 2193.65296

8

22 9434 12 59 16 30 2113.79146

9

23 3814 16 12 18 18 1266.34920

6

24 2608 17 15 19 48 1535.22875

8

25 4351 18 10 22 10 2403.33333

3

26 8350 18 16 22 17 2413.31950

227 1129 18 36 22 35 239 3.34728

28 5866 18 41 24 34 3532.26628

9

29 1081 19 6 23 19 2533.16205

5

30 4634 19 10 23 54 2842.81690

1

31 751 19 21 23 34 2533.16205

5

32 8443 19 38 24 7 2692.97397

8

33 3706 19 46 24 24 2782.87769

8

34 8201 21 27 24 37 1904.21052

635 484 22 50 27 21 271 2.95203

36 71 23 33 35 17 7041.13636

4

37 7434 28 34 30 24 1107.27272

7

38 424 28 44 30 29 1057.61904

8

39 7902 29 23 31 41 1385.79710

140 2549 29 48 31 53 125 6.441 3791 29 50 31 55 125 6.442 1617 29 56 31 56 120 6.66666

7

43 1022 30 7 32 2 1156.95652

2

avg206.744

2 total223.821

6

mean5.20515

4

Private Car

Column1 Column2

Column3

Column4

Column5

Column6

Column7

Column8

Column9

Number Plate Entry TimeExit Time

32040.48902

80.49203

7 240

8780 0.489850.49372

7 300

59410.50049

80.50362

3 300

77180.50039

4 0.5039 300

52860.50597

20.50870

4 240

Bike

Column1 Column2

Column3

Column4

Column5

Column6

Column7

Column8

Column9


87870.49126

20.49494

2 300

79960.49280

10.49538

2 360

50210.49325

2 0.49706 300

94590.49902

80.50200

2 2405943 0.50277 0.50600 240

8 7

Bus

Column1 Column2

Column3

Column4

Column5

Column6

Column7

Column8


26080.48829

90.49398

1

21430.48854

20.49465

3

2314 0.492130.49863

4

24320.49872

70.50493

1

CNG

Column1

Column2 Column3

Column4

Column5

Column6

Column7

Column8 time


39970.48846

10.49097

2 240

18580.48925

90.49278

9 300

80290.49841

40.50158

6 300

30070.49900

5 0.50228 300

Micro

Column1

Column2 Column3

Column4

Column5

Column6

Column7

Column8


81570.49173

60.49527

8 300

9710.49863

40.50245

4 300

9290.50034

70.50399

3 300

67260.50636

60.50993

1 300

Utility

Column1

Column2 Column3

Column4

Column5

Column6

Column7

Column8


28900.49167

80.49432

9 180

51670.49409

7 0.4964 180

10220.49780

10.50062

5 240

Leguna

Column1

Column2 Column3

Column4

Column5

Column6

Column7

Column8


15230.49854

20.50024

3 180

37020.49828

70.50090

3 240

Ambulance

Column1

Column2 Column3

Column4

Column5

Column6

Column7

Column8


13950.49980

30.50127

3 120

9290.50026

60.50144

7 120

APPENDIX 3

duration speed time mean speed space mean(ʋi- ʋt)^2 sd

1794.46927

4 4.829396 2.5567840.12968

85.78773

1107.27272

752.8925

6

1057.61904

858.0498

9

106 7.5471756.9597

7

1505.33333

328.4444

4

2852.80701

87.87934

7

988.16326

5 66.6389

948.51063

872.4309

6

109 7.3394553.8675

250 16 256

1306.15384

637.8698

2

1355.92592

6 35.1166

10190.78508

30.61635

6

1375.83941

634.0987

8

1445.55555

6 30.8642

1445.55555

6 30.8642

1585.06329

125.6369

2

1535.22875

827.3399

1

2473.23886

610.4902

6

215 3.7209313.8453

2

2193.65296

813.3441

8

2113.79146

914.3752

4

1266.34920

640.3124

2

1535.22875

827.3399

1

2403.33333

311.1111

1

2413.31950

211.0190

9

239 3.3472811.2042

9

3532.26628

95.13606

6

2533.16205

59.99859

4

2842.81690

17.93493

4

2533.16205

59.99859

4

2692.97397

88.84454

3

2782.87769

88.28114

5

1904.21052

617.7285

3

271 2.952038.71447

8

7041.13636

41.29132

2

1107.27272

752.8925

6

1057.61904

858.0498

9

1385.79710

133.6063

9125 6.4 40.96125 6.4 40.96

1206.66666

744.4444

4

1156.95652

248.3931

9

2403.33333

311.1111

1

3002.66666

77.11111

1

3002.66666

77.11111

1

3002.66666

77.11111

1

2403.33333

311.1111

1

3002.66666

77.11111

1

3602.22222

24.93827

2

3002.66666

77.11111

1

2403.33333

311.1111

1

2403.33333

311.1111

1

2403.33333

311.1111

1

3002.66666

77.11111

1

3002.66666

77.11111

1

3002.66666

77.11111

1

3002.66666

77.11111

1

3002.66666

77.11111

1

3002.66666

77.11111

1

3002.66666

77.11111

1

1804.44444

419.7530

9

1804.44444

419.7530

9

2403.33333

311.1111

1

898.98876

480.7978

8

83.59.58083

891.7924

6

96.358.30306

268.9408

3

98.18.15494

466.5031

1

88.259.06515

682.1770

5

898.98876

480.7978

8

89.38.95856

780.2559

2

102.57.80487

860.9161

2

1107.27272

752.8925

6

105.57.58293

857.5009

5

859.41176

588.5813

183.25 9.60961 92.3446

87.259.16905

484.0715

6

908.88888

979.0123

5

928.69565

275.6143

7

95.58.37696

370.1735

1

988.16326

5 66.6389

958.42105

370.9141

3

96.358.30306

268.9408

3

97.68.19672

167.1862

4

988.16326

5 66.6389

1147.01754

449.2459

2

1057.61904

858.0498

9

1127.14285

751.0204

1

80.259.96884

799.3779

280 10 100

819.87654

397.5461

1

83.569.57395

991.6606

9

85.79.33488

987.1401

6

5401.48148

12.19478

7

3002.66666

77.11111

1

4201.90476

23.62811

8

4801.66666

72.77777

8

4201.90476

23.62811

8

10210.78354

60.61394

4

9000.88888

90.79012

3

3602.22222

24.93827

2

3502.28571

4 5.22449

4201.90476

23.62811

8

5401.48148

12.19478

7

4801.66666

72.77777

8

4801.66666

72.77777

8

34740.23028

2 0.05303

425.41.88058

33.53659

2

428.41.86741

43.48723

4

525.6 1.522072.31669

7

543.6 1.471672.16581

4

5521.44927

52.10039

9

583.21.37174

21.88167

6

645.61.23915

71.53551

1

780.61.02485

31.05032

3

880.20.90888

40.82607

1

947.40.84441

60.71303

9

952.80.83963

10.70497

9

722.4 1.107421.22637

8

732.61.09200

11.19246

6

7681.04166

71.08506

9

64.212.4610

6 155.278

6612.1212

1146.923

8

7510.6666

7113.777

8

1206.66666

744.4444

4

1206.66666

744.4444

4

757.021.05677

51.11677

4

8910.89786

80.80616

6

676.021.18339

71.40042

8766.02 1.04435 1.09068

9 6

420.06 1.904493.62708

240989.0

8 total632.650

9 total4388.22

3

Traffic Speed Analysis

Engineering

Transcript of Traffic Speed Analysis