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Transcript of TRAFFIC SIGNAL MANAGEMENT. PURPOSE Purpose: Foster understanding through development of educational...
PURPOSEPURPOSE
Purpose: Foster understanding through development of educational outreach materials Illustrate benefits and basic techniques Share information on new technologies Highlight need for multi-municipal
cooperation Target Audience:
Municipal Officials, Planning Commission Members, Municipal Staff Members
WHAT IS TRAFFIC SIGNAL WHAT IS TRAFFIC SIGNAL MANAGEMENT?MANAGEMENT?
The use of current tools, techniques and equipment to manage streets and signal systems more efficiently and in a cost-effective manner in order to improve safety, economic vitality and quality of life.
The #1 investment we can make for immediate positive impact.
Cost-effective way to improve traffic flow.
Maximizes the benefits of the existing infrastructure.
WHAT IS TRAFFIC SIGNAL WHAT IS TRAFFIC SIGNAL MANAGEMENT?MANAGEMENT?
2/3 of all miles driven are on signalized roads
Over 300,000 signals in U.S. 75% of the signals could easily be upgraded Congestion affects everyone’s mobility Adding capacity
Expensive Long implementation timeframe Potentially controversial Environmental and social impacts
WHY TRAFFIC SIGNAL WHY TRAFFIC SIGNAL MANAGEMENT?MANAGEMENT?
Less Congestion
Improved Fuel Consumption
Vehicle Emissions Reduced
Improved Air Quality
WHY TRAFFIC SIGNAL WHY TRAFFIC SIGNAL MANAGEMENT?MANAGEMENT?
Properly designed, operated and maintained traffic signal systems yield significant benefits:
Cost effective: cost ratios of 40:1 Low-cost alternative to physical
reconstruction
Arterial management Saves time for commercial vehicles,
emergency vehicles, buses and the public
Reduces aggressive driving behavior, red light running
WHY TRAFFIC SIGNAL WHY TRAFFIC SIGNAL MANAGEMENT?MANAGEMENT?
Postpone or eliminate need for additional capacity
Safety – reduce accidents by providing smoother traffic flow with fewer stops
Maintenance and training streamlined
Improved pedestrian flow, side-street movements
Municipal cost and energy savings
WHY TRAFFIC SIGNAL WHY TRAFFIC SIGNAL MANAGEMENT?MANAGEMENT?
Standardization of equipment Remove unwarranted signals Install and maintain equipment
properly Traffic signal retiming Implement additional signal plans based
on time of day/day of week Turn lanes and minor intersection
improvements
STRATEGIESSTRATEGIES
STRATEGIESSTRATEGIES
Traffic Signal Equipment Enhancements: Isolated or independent signals
Arterial Interconnected Signals Time based coordination
Closed Loop Systems
Centrally Interconnected & Controlled Systems
Personal computer (PC) based
Traffic Operations Centers
Detection & Actuation Detection & Actuation StrategiesStrategies
Fixed Time Operations High traffic and pedestrian volume areas, Not flexible for changing traffic patterns Central Business Districts hours
Semi Actuated Operations Applicable to corridors No detectors or actuation on main streets
Fully Actuated Operations Most flexible Best for isolated signals
GOALSGOALS
Centralized coordination of signals Coordinate signal operations over
jurisdictional boundaries Integrate traffic flow over larger areas Corridor Administrator to set up and
implement Municipal Training Dedicated funding stream Administrative hierarchy
MULTI - MUNICIPAL COOPERATIONMULTI - MUNICIPAL COOPERATION
Procurement Methods: Department of General Services (DGS)
COSTAR program Purchase equipment as public procurement unit =
economies of scale lower costs
Cost Sharing concept allows municipalities with smaller budgets to benefit too
MULTI - MUNICIPAL COOPERATIONMULTI - MUNICIPAL COOPERATION
Equipment better maintained Reduced liability Maintenance streamlined with standardization
Funding for larger projects Municipality retains basic timing parameters Costly reconstruction postponed by utilizing
existing facilities more efficiently Repairs made more quickly
Traffic Signal System Traffic Signal System Improvement ProgramImprovement Program
Traffic Signal Retiming
Signal Maintenance Strategies
Utilize New Technologies
Traffic Signal SystemTraffic Signal System Improvement Program Improvement Program
Traffic Signal Retiming: Interconnect signals
Wireless technology Hardwire interconnectivity
Coordinate signal controllers Reassign green time
General cost range $760 - $2,700 per intersection
20-25 hours per intersection
Traffic Signal SystemTraffic Signal System Improvement Program Improvement Program
Signal Maintenance Strategies: Preventive Maintenance Remedial Maintenance Staffing Rules-of Thumb
One traffic engineer per 75-100 signals One signal technician per 40-50 signals
Consultants often supplement staff Eligible for Federal Aid Funds
::
Utilize new technologies: ACS Lite (Adaptive Control Software) allows older
software to communicate Interconnecting signals Spread Spectrum (wireless) Actuating Signals Develop emergency priority corridors Use of LED signal lamps
Traffic Signal SystemTraffic Signal System Improvement Program Improvement Program
SAVINGS Signal maintenance costs Energy costs
LED SIGNAL LAMPSLED SIGNAL LAMPS
Avg. intersection:10 vehicular signals/
8 pedestrian
Incandescent bulbs
LED Signals
Per vehicular signal 135-150 watts 8-10 watts
Per pedestrian signal 70 watts 8 watts
Per intersection 2060 watts
$175/month
164 watts/less
$23/month
Annual cost / intersection $2,100 $276
Average savings of $1,824 monthly/ $40,128 annually per intersection
TESTIMONIALSTESTIMONIALS
A statewide traffic signal retiming program in California found the following benefits:
7% reduction in travel time 14% reduction in delay 9% saving in fuel Benefit/cost ratio 58:1
TESTIMONIALSTESTIMONIALS
A new signal system and improved signal timing conducted in Abilene, Texas (a mid-sized urban area) achieved:
13% reduction in travel time 37% reduction in delay 6% fuel saving
TESTIMONIALSTESTIMONIALS
An advanced traffic control system in Oakland County, Michigan (a large suburban area) achieved:
30% reduction in delay 19% increase in peak hour speeds 6% reduction in accidents 33% reduction in stops
SYNCHRO/SIMTRAFFIC MODEL – SYNCHRO/SIMTRAFFIC MODEL – MOE’sMOE’s
Total Network Performance PM Calibrated PM Optimized
Total Delay (hours) 49.1 44.4
Delay/Vehicle (seconds) 117 109
Total Stops 3498 3214
Travel Distance (miles) 2691.1 2514.6
Travel Time (hours) 123.3 113.2
Average Speed (mph) 22 22
Fuel Used (gallons) 198.3 179.8
Fuel Efficiency (mpg) 13.6 14
HC Emission (grams) 514 481
CO Emission (grams) 19643 18991
NOx Emissions (grams) 1603 1491
Vehicles Entered 1744 1686
Vehicles Exited 1276 1246
Hourly Exit Rate 7656 7476
Denied Entry Before 1 3
Denied Entry After 2 0
TRAFFIC SIGNAL OPERATIONS SELF TRAFFIC SIGNAL OPERATIONS SELF ASSESSMENT TOOLASSESSMENT TOOL
Help agencies understand opportunitiesfor improving their own policies andpractices
Designed for any agency responsible for operation and maintenance of traffic signals
One hour to complete No data collection required Results used anonymously in the 2007 National
Traffic Signal Report Card To use tool:
http://www.zoomerang.com/recipient/survey-intro.zgi?p=WEB225U6FTB7YM
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES:ADDITIONAL RESOURCES:
FHWA Operations web site: http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov
Traffic Signal Operation Self Assessment: www.ite.org/selfassessment
MARC – Operation “Green Light”: www.marc.org/transportation/ogl/
ACS Lite Software: [email protected]
PennDOT: http://www.paits.org/tsop/index.htm
SPC: http://www.spcregion.org/trans.shtml