Traffic noise and risk for diabetes and cancer Mette Sørensen Senior researcher, leader of research...
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![Page 1: Traffic noise and risk for diabetes and cancer Mette Sørensen Senior researcher, leader of research group Urban Environment Diet, Genes and Environment.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/5697bf9c1a28abf838c936b0/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Traffic noise and risk for diabetes and cancer
Mette Sørensen
Senior researcher, leader of research group
Urban Environment
Diet, Genes and Environment
Danish Cancer Society
![Page 2: Traffic noise and risk for diabetes and cancer Mette Sørensen Senior researcher, leader of research group Urban Environment Diet, Genes and Environment.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/5697bf9c1a28abf838c936b0/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Traffic noise exposure
Stress and sleep disturbance
Cardiovascular diseaseHypertension
Ischemic heart diseaseStroke
Stockholm, October 2015
Mechanisms, traffic noise
Other major diseases?
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Sleep disturbances• Experimental reduction in sleep duration/quality
• ↓ glucose tolerance, ↑ morning glucose• ↓ insulin levels, ↓ insulin sensitivity
• Epidemiological studies• 10 prospective studies, > 100,000 participants, 3500 diabetes cases• Reduced sleep quality and quantity increase risk of diabetes
Excess of stress hormone (cortisol)• ↓ insulin production• ↓ insulin sensitivity
Sleep disturbance, stress and diabetes
Stockholm, October 2015
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Study population
Diet, Cancer and Health cohort• Enrolment in 1993-1997
• 57,053 persons aged 50-64 years
• Copenhagen and Aarhus
• Questionnaire (diet, smoking, alcohol, education etc.)
• Weight, height and waist circumference measured
→ Central Population Registry: all residential addresses 1987-2010
→ The National Diabetes Registry: 3,869 diabetes cases
Stockholm, October 2015
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Noise exposure
SoundPLAN – the Nordic Prediction Method• Geographical coordinates for each address
• Height (floor) for each address
• Building polygons
• All road lines with > 1000 vehicles
• Traffic composition (heavy/light)
• Yearly average daily traffic
• Traffic speed
AirGIS – model for estimation of air pollutionStockholm, October 2015
![Page 6: Traffic noise and risk for diabetes and cancer Mette Sørensen Senior researcher, leader of research group Urban Environment Diet, Genes and Environment.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/5697bf9c1a28abf838c936b0/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Results, diabetes
Road traffic noiseLden, per 10 dB
Cases
Adjusted IRR(95% CI)
All diabetes, 5-years 3 869 1.11 (1.05-1.18)
Confirmed diabetes*, 5 years 2 752 1.14 (1.06-1.22)
*Excluded cases only included in Diabetes Registry based on blood glucose tests
Stockholm, October 2015
Exposure-response relationship
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Calculations for Denmark• 5.5 million inhabitants• The risk estimates of our study• Distribution of road traffic noise in Denmark (report Danish EPA)
• 1,400 new diabetes cases every year
How many extra diabetes cases due to road traffic noise?
Stockholm, October 2015
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Eriksson et al 2014, Stockholm Arlanda airport• 5,156 participants• Pre-diabetes: 412 (52 ≥ 50 dB)• Diabetes: 159 (26 ≥ 50 dB)• Overall no associations between airport noise and diabetes• Suggestions of association with diabetes (but not pre-diabetes) in
women (1.27 (0.94-1.71) per 5 dB increase)• No associations in men
Noise and diabetes, other studies
Stockholm, October 2015
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Stress, sleep and breast cancer
Stockholm, October 2015
Sleep disturbanceShort sleep duration may suppress melatonin
Melatonin:• body's circadian rhythm
• anti-carcinogenicNight work associated with breast cancerSelf-reported sleep maybe associated with breast cancer
Stress - glucocorticoidsSuspected of promoting tumor growth
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Study, breast cancer
Stockholm, October 2015
• Study population, 30,000 women• Residential addresses 1987-2010 • Danish Cancer Registry -> 1,219 cases• Danish Breast Cancer Co-operative group:• Estrogen receptor: 858 positive/203 negative cases
• Adjustment: Parity, age first birth, HRT, lifestyle, SES
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Results, breast cancer
Stockholm, October 2015
Traffic noise, per 10 dB
Cases
Adjusted IRR (95% CI)
Road traffic noise, 5-years
ER positive 858 0.99 (0.89-1.10)
ER negative 203 1.23 (1.00-1.51)
Railway noise, diagnosis
ER positive 858 0.96 (0.83-1.26)
ER negative 203 1.38 (1.01-1.89)
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Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL)
• originating from lymphoid tissue• incidence rates increased since 1960• etiology largely unknown• well-established risk factor is suppression of immune system
• HIV patients• immunosuppressive drugs
Nordic age-adjusted NHL incidence rates (per 100,000)
Stockholm, October 2015
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Stress, sleep and NHL
Sleep disturbanceSleep deprivation associated with immune system impairment• sleep restriction at night after
vaccination: ↓ antibody conc. • ↑ pro-inflammatory molecules • ↓ immuno-stimulating
hormonesEpi studies indicate night-shift workers at higher NHL risk
Stress Acute and chronic stressors, e.g. exams and stressful life events• associated with impaired
immune system
Stockholm, October 2015
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NHL, design and results
Traffic noise
Cases
AdjustedOR (95% CI)
Road traffic noise, 5-y < 55 dB 1,103 1.00 55-65 dB 1,256 0.98 (0.88-1.08) ≥ 65 dB 394 1.18 (1.01-1.37)
National register-based case-control study• 2,753 cases / 4,743 controls• Adjusted for sex, age and SES
Stockholm, October 2015
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ConclusionsDIABETES• Road traffic noise associated with higher risk for diabetes • Aircraft noise possibly associated with diabetes in women; not in
men (and not with pre-diabetes)
CANCER• Road traffic AND railway noise associated with higher risk for ER-
breast cancer• Road traffic noise associated with higher risk for NHL
OVERALL CONCLUSIONAlthough more studies are needed, research suggests that traffic noise is associated with other major diseases than cardiovascular