Traffic Impact Assessment

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Traffic Study:Traffic Impact Assessment

A brief note for Urban Transport CourseBy

Riza Atiq RahmatUniversiti Kebangsaan Malaysia


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Traffic Study Traff ic Impact Assessment

Al l development w ill generate traff ic into current or futu re

transport facilities

Al l big development will generate internal traff ic

High density development will generate high volume of traffic

TIA wil l answer the question of :

What wi ll the effect of a development to the surrounding

transport facilities

What is the magnitude additional traffic due to the

development to the existing traffic

How will the additional traffic effect the current traffic

What is the proposal to alleviate or min imise the impact


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Developer

Architect / town planner

Local Authority

Instruction by the local authority toexecute TIA

Appointment of a transport engineer

Discussion to determine the scope, studyarea and study methodology

Collate existing data and information

Traffic survey

Analyses: Trip generation Modal split

Trip distribution Trip assignment Analyses of LOS (Level of service) Problem evaluation Proposal to alleviate or reduce the identified problems

Review the original lay-out plan and proposeany improvement to the client and land use

Final Report


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TIA Content

Existing government transport policies for the development

area

Structure plan and local plan prepared by the Local Authority

Existing traffic and public transport facilities

16 hours traffic count

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

6-7 7-8 8-9 9-10 10-11 11-12 12-13 13-14 14-15 15-16 16-17 17-18 18-19 19-20 20-21 21-22

Masa

TrafficVolume(PCU/Hr

Menuju P/Bandar

Dari P/Bandar

1. Exist ing Situation


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Direction TrafficVolume

GreenTime (s)

Lane Capacity V/C ratio

South bound

- straight 658 32 2 980 0.67- Right turn 345 32 1 49 0.70- Left turn 542 59 1 903 0.60

North bound- straight 758 43 2 1317 0.58- Right turn 451 43 1 65 0.68- Left turn 621 61 1 934 0.66

West bound

- straight 598 27 2 827 0.72- Right turn 423 27 1 413 1.02- Left turn 597 70 1 1072 0.56

East bound- straight 527 18 2 551 0.96

- Right turn 287 18 1 275 1.04- Left tur 621 50 1 76 0.81

3465

54

6275

45

4259

59

28

5262


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Road safety record

Pedestrian facili ties

Identify all planned transport facilities in the vicini ty of

the development

Identify all other developments in the vicinity of the

development and quantify the combine impact to the

external traffic

Identify all existing public transport facilities and the

impact of the development to the facili ties

Identify potential traffic problem in the development


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Trip Generation

Land use Attraction per 100 sq.mfloo r area (morning)

Product ion per 100 sq.mfloor area (afternoon)

Office 3.7 person / hr 4.05 person / hr

Hospital 1.52 person / hr 1.32 person / hr

Shopping Centre 0.45 person / hr 0.95 person / hr

Primary school 2.5 person / hr 2.5 person / hr

High School 2.5 person / hr 2.5 person / hr

College / University 2.0 person / hr 1.8 person / hr

Land use Production per unit(morning)

Attraction per unit(afternoon)

Apartment 2.11 person / hr 1.79 person / hr

Condominium 2.05 person / hr 1.73 person / hr

Flat / low cost house 2.51 person / hr 2.10 person / hr

Single story link house 2.21 person / hr 1.81 person / hr

Double story link house 2.52 person / hr 2.15 person / hr

Semi detached house 2.55 person / hr 2.17 person / hr

Bungalow house 2.65 person / hr 2.25 person / hr

2. Analyses


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Example

MorningLand use Residential

unitProduction rate Morning

productionFla 845 2.51 2121Single story linkhouse

725 2.21 1602

Double story linkhouse

934 2.52 2354

Condominium 837 2.05 1716Total 7793

PetangLand use Residential

unitProductionrate

Morningproduction

Flat 845 2.1 1775Single story linkhouse

725 1.81 1312

Double story linkhouse

934 2.15 2008

Condominium 837 1.73 1448Total 6543


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Trip Distribution

Gravity Model

Pi Aj

Tij = Ki Kj Tij

Where Tij =Trip from zone i to zone j

P i = Production of zone i

Aj = Attraction of zone j

Tij =Travel time or travel cost between zone i and zone j

= Parameter to be calibrated. In Klang Valley, = 2.05 for

morning and afternoon peaks.

1Ki =

Kj Aj / Tij

j

1Kj =

Ki P i / Tij

i


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Aj / Tij

Production Constraint Model: Tij = P i

Aj / Tij

j

P i / Tij

Attraction Constrain Model: Tij = Aj

P i / Tij

i


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Example

ProposedDevelopment


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Trip Generation

Land use QTY Rates Production

Flat 205 2.51515

Link house 431 2.21953

Semi-D 125 2.55 319

Bungalow 52 2.65138

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Trip Distribution

Destination Travel Time

(min)

Estimated

attraction

Aj / Tij2.05 Distribution Trip

Distribution

Ipoh 35 92000 62.871 0.271 522

Batu Gajah 30 16500 15.466 0.067 128

Gopeng 10 17200 153.295 0.662 1273

Aj / Tij2.05 231.632 1.000 1924

Notes:

Distribution = (Aj / Tij2.05) / ( Aj / Tij

2.05)


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Modal Split (Modal Choice)

Influencing factors

Car ownership

Household Income Distance to the transport facilities

Travel Time

Travel Cost

Car park availabili ty

Peak Hour Modal Split in Kuala Lumpur

Land use Bus % Car / van / jeep%

Motor cycle%

1 GovernmentOffice

27.6 57.4 15.0

2 Company Office 48.0 45.6 6.4

3 Bank 49.9 45.0 5.1

4 Hotel 35.9 60.1 4.0

5 ShoppingCentre

54.3 40.7 5.0

6 Bungalow house 12.1 84.0 3.9

7 Semi-D house 16.2 79.4 4.4

8 Link House 42.1 48.5 9.4

9 Condominium 13.7 85.1 1.2

10 Apartment 39.9 45.0 15.1

11 Fla 49.5 28.3 21.7

(Source J KAL, DBKL Annual Report, 1991)


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Average Passenger (including driver) in Kuala Lumpur.

Land Use Car / Van /Jeep

M / Cycle Bus (big) Bus (Mini)

1 Office 1.55 1.25 75 35

2 Hotel 1.55 1.25 *40 25

3 ShoppingCentre

2.14 1.30 75 35

4 Houses 2.05 1.38 75 35

(Source: J KAL, DBKL Annual Report, 1991)


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Example

A local authority has approved a proposed development of a housingestate. It consists of 1250 link houses, 155 semi-D houses, 78 bungalowhouses, 390 units condominiums, 820 units apartments and 970 units offlats. Calculate both inbound and outbound traffic flows during morning

peak hours.

Land use Unit Productionrate

Producion

Modal Split Person trip Number ofVehicles

Bus car M/C Bus car M/C Bus car M/C

Link house 1250 2.21 2763 42.1%

48.5%

9.4%

1163 1340

260 16 654 188

Semi-D155 2.55 395 16.2% 79.4% 4.4% 64 314 17 1 153 13

Bungalow 78 2.65 207 12.1%

84.0%

3.9%

25 174 8 1 85 6

Condo 390 2.05 800 13.7%

85.1%

1.2%

110 680 10 1 332 7

Apartment 820 2.11 1730 39.9%

45.0%

15.1%

690 779 261 9 380 189

Flat 970 2.51 2435 49.5%

28.3%

21.7%

1205 689 528 16 336 383

total 44 1939 786


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Trip Assignment

Assigning O-D trips to the t ransport network

Assumpt ion: Traff ic growth 4.1%

Base year: 2000

to Ipoh

To PLUS Hway

Proposed

Development

to Batu

to Gopeng

981 ukp/j

759 ukp/j

603 ukp/j

247 ukp/j

61 ukp/j

365 ukp/j

1021 ukp/j


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To I oh

To PLUS Hway

Proposed

Development

To Batu Gajah

to Gopeng

790 ukp/j

1063 ukp/j

380 ukp/j

603 ukp/j

247 ukp/j

61 ukp/j

2004


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To Ipoh

to PLUS Hway

Proposed

development

to BatuGajah

to

Gopeng

1443

uk /1303uk /

1690

uk /


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Level-Of-Service (LOS)= Flow/Capacity (or V/C)

V/C < 0.9 OK

V/C > 1.0

(LOS = F)

V/C < 0.3

(LOS = A)

3. Impact to the Road Network


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Safe to the residences

Safe to the vis itors

4. Road Safety


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5. Internal Lay-out


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Malaysia:

1 cps / 500 sq.ft floor area

or

1.25 / residential unit

6. Parking Space


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7. Public Transport


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8. Pedestrian, bicycle and disable facili ties

Traffic Impact Assessment

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