By:By:Claudia IsabelClaudia IsabelChacón RosaChacón Rosa

Origin of name.Origin of name. Hispania was the name given by the Phoenicians to Hispania was the name given by the Phoenicians to

the Iberian Peninsula, later used by the Romans, and the Iberian Peninsula, later used by the Romans, and part of the official nomenclature of the three Roman part of the official nomenclature of the three Roman provinces they created there: Hispania Ulterior provinces they created there: Hispania Ulterior Baetica, Hispania Citerior Tarraconensis and Baetica, Hispania Citerior Tarraconensis and Hispania Ulterior Lusitania. Subsequently Hispania Ulterior Lusitania. Subsequently established and Gallaecia Carthaginense provinces.established and Gallaecia Carthaginense provinces.

Hispania Romana.Hispania Romana. Roman Spain refers to all the territories controlled by the Roman Spain refers to all the territories controlled by the

Roman Empire in the Iberian Peninsula from approximately 218 Roman Empire in the Iberian Peninsula from approximately 218 BC until the beginning of V century, surviving after the fall of the BC until the beginning of V century, surviving after the fall of the Roman Empire in 476. Roman Hispania included, no doubt, the Roman Empire in 476. Roman Hispania included, no doubt, the current Spanish territory with what is now Portugal. Before the current Spanish territory with what is now Portugal. Before the territory was under Roman influence, underwent several territory was under Roman influence, underwent several changes through different cultures. The first to touch the Tartars changes through different cultures. The first to touch the Tartars were pre-Roman, the Iberians and the Celts, who influenced were pre-Roman, the Iberians and the Celts, who influenced and bequeathed many of the religions and customs to the and bequeathed many of the religions and customs to the natives of Hispania before it was colonized. Simultaneously in natives of Hispania before it was colonized. Simultaneously in the founding of the kingdom of the Tartars, the first colonizers the founding of the kingdom of the Tartars, the first colonizers arrived in the Mediterranean, the Phoenicians, Greeks and arrived in the Mediterranean, the Phoenicians, Greeks and Carthaginians, with the sole purpose of exploiting the land, Carthaginians, with the sole purpose of exploiting the land, speeding up trade and expand the country both politically and speeding up trade and expand the country both politically and economically . But Rome also had claims of dominion over the economically . But Rome also had claims of dominion over the Mediterranean and its surrounding territories, which sparked a Mediterranean and its surrounding territories, which sparked a conflict known as the Punic Wars.conflict known as the Punic Wars.

Although the Roman Hispania was founded after the Second Punic War, it added that the Romans arrived here to conquer, but with the sole purpose of expelling the Carthaginians. Firstly it had made a truce between Rome and Carthage, in which both empires were divided equitably territory to Rome touched the north of the Ebro, while Carthage in the south. However, shortly after the signing of this treaty, hostilities returned. Roman Hispania making one of the main battlefields in the confrontation between the two powers. The struggle for control of the Iberian Peninsula lasted about two hundred years until, on 19 a.c, the Romans managed to wipe out the past "residents" of the territory: the Cantabrian and Asturian. Julio-Claudian era in Roman Hispania was characterized by an important cultural flowering, as it was at this time when Latin literature had its peak, and where Hispanics incredible writers stressed. Hispania, mandated Flavio, begins with the rise of Vespasian in 69. During the reign of Vespasian no evidence of the creation of a large number of municipalities and settlements, after the deep transformation made by Vespasian in 79 rises to power his son, Tito. During the administration of it, followed the same footsteps of his father to support the granting of the right to Hispanics, and Domitian in 81 ascending to power, and apparently, during his tenure, he received the same honors as his brother and Hispania his father. There are no data on Hispania during the reign of Nerva, but Trajan, the first emperor who came from Spain. Came to power in 161 Hadrian, who initiated reforms throughout the Roman Empire and especially in his native Hispania. There are no data on Antoninus Pius and some work in Hispania. Instead Marcus Aurelius and Commodus are recognized by the collapse of economic and political system in Hispania and Rome. In this situation, the only solution was to militarize the government and emphasize the monarchical character of the state. The new mentality, imposed by force during the third century, the faith would progress to a world that had not believed him massively. The main causes of the crisis of the third century in Hispania were, perhaps, the Germanic invasions in the Peninsula, as well as the attack of the Franks. Some cities such as Barcelona and Girona were affected in profound ways, however, Hispania continued to export food and raw materials. Historians of Late Antiquity have referred to the empire of Hispania as a period of decline and also one of the final moments before the conquest Hispania Visigoth and the fall of the Roman Empire. This stage was marked by the government of Diocletian who started the largest con0tra persecution of Christians and as the end point of the history of Rome to Hispania.

During these two hundred years there was a lot of movement for control of the country that had vast mineral wealth - gold, silver, bronze and iron. The occupation of the country was divided roughly into three stages: from 218 a.C. and 172 a. C., on the Mediterranean coast and Andalusia between 194 a. C. and 172 a. C., on the Ebro basin, from 123 a. C. the Balearic Islands and the mainland. During these periods of romanization processes began, which involved a gradual change in the language - where all were being replaced by the Latin, but survived only a few as Euskera -, customs, religion - initially receiving the imperial cult and then from the fourth century, Christianity - the planning, trade, and administration. Roman Hispania supplied the Roman culture, Roman major Hispanic writers - Martial, Quintilian, Seneca, Lucan - and several Roman emperors policy-Trajan, Hadrian and Nerva. The prosperity of the Roman began to decline in the third century. During this period, too, Emperor Caracalla granted the inhabitants the ius Romanorum, making full Roman citizens.