Traditional Elements of the Malaysian Constitution by Tun Mohd Salleh Abas
Traditional Malaysian Literature
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Transcript of Traditional Malaysian Literature
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Genera l Overv iew
Discuss ion andAnalys i s o f Works
Su mmary an dConclus ion
TRADITIONALMALAYSIAN
LITERATURE
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Ended by the end of the 19 th Century
Reflection of traditionalvalues and functionsthrough the usage oflanguage
KesusasteraanAdherence to grammaticalexpressions, whether inprose or poetry
GENERAL BACKGROUND
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A Malay defines literary composition to be a stringing
together (karangan) of beautifulwords and sayings; he describes a
story as a necklace of pearls or acrown of diamonds or a garland of
flowers or an ordered garden full of ponds and par terres. He does not consider the parts of a story to be
mere accessories to the story as awhole; they are the pearls, while
the narrative is the necessary thread.
- Wilkinson 1903
GENERAL BACKGROUND
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What about the authors?
Oral tradition
Stories : belong to the wholesociety and not to theindividual storyteller
Tales passed fromgeneration to generation
Humour and wit stories,myths, legends, sayings,
pantuns, folk songs, etc.
GENERAL BACKGROUND
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Written tradition startedonly after the coming ofIslam marked by the
adoption of the Jawi scriptBefore: Oral tradition andmostly in verse or poetryforms
Full of myths and legends,especially the first half ofthe story
GENERAL BACKGROUND
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Objectives: entertainment,instruction, and humour
Role of maintainingcohesion in society
Works inculcate the societyto be obedient to the ruler
who in exchange serves thesociety as a symbol of unity,strength, and national pride
PURPOSE AND SIGNIFICANCE
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Proved that old society had itsconcept of history
Source of national pride and
strength
Provided the cultural andhistorical background ofMalaysia
PURPOSE AND SIGNIFICANCE
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OBJECTIVES:
To explain the origin of theruler of the state
To endorse the power ofthe ruler over the stateand the people
PURPOSE AND SIGNIFICANCE
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To relate to the latergenerations the history oftheir ruler and the state
To clarify to the latergenerations what had
happened in the past, sothey may learn from themistakes of the past
PURPOSE AND SIGNIFICANCE
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PANTUNS
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WHAT ARE PANTUNS?
Most outstanding form ofpoetry in the collection ofMalay oral literature
Love Verse
To express an endless rangeof emotions
Peasant community
No individual ownership
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WHAT ARE PANTUNS?
A poem of four lines withfour words per line
ABAB or AAAA or a slightlydifferent combination ofend-rhymes
First two lines: pembayang
or sampiran foreshadower Last two lines: maksudmeaning
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Why attempt to light a lantern,
If the wick should not be in it?Why attempt to smile and wanton,
If you do not really mean it?
PANTUN NO. 1
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I lose a pearl, amid the grass
It keeps its hue, though low it lies I love a girl, but love will pass,
A pearl of dew that slowly dies.
PANTUN NO. 2
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Large ants in the bambu-cane,
A flasket filled with rose-water;
When passion of love seizes my frame,
From you alone I can expect the cure .
PANTUN NO. 3
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HIKAYAT HANG
TUAH
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WHAT IS A HIKAYAT?
Arabic: All kinds ofhistories
Story or The story of
epics, stories of heroic andreligious characters, andhistories
The term encompasses theoral, handwritten andprinted forms.
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HIKAYAT HANG TUAH
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HIKAYAT HANG TUAH
I remember Sang Adiputra once foretold that Jebatwould have been a greater warrior than Tuah but hisown recklessness will be his downfall. Jebat wasclearly a stronger warrior than Tuah. But he wasimpatient at times and where Tuah lack in strength,he made it up with tremendous agility and cunning.Thus, a stronger warrior does not mean a better one. Itwas there in one of the caves in Gunung Ledang that
Tuah was made our leader. Sang Adiputra told Jebat tolisten to Tuah and never doubt his actions . To Tuah, headvised him to be sincere and serve Melaka as hesees fit. Above all, he wanted all of us to take care of
each other. (p. 1)
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HIKAYAT HANG TUAH
I realized the minute I saw Jebat s face after hisrendezvous with Tuah that he will plot vengeance.When Tuah was about to be executed by the orders
of the Sultan, his last words to Jebat was buatbaik berpada pada (do a lot of good), but before hecould finish the sentence, Jebat furiously screamedat him with words - buat jahat biar kepalang ! (yetunleash a lot of evil) and then left him abruptly.Jebat had always been the brooding type. He wasmore temperamental and sarcastic in nature ascompared to the mild mannered Tuah.
(p. 3)
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HIKAYAT HANG TUAH
Until this day, the day I find rest at last, I am gladto have Hang Tuah as my brother. His steadfastloyalty and unwavering stance to protect the
system was like a beacon in the days weweathered through. Tuah was given a terriblechoice which he then chose as he saw it fit.Hopefully, the new Bendahara, Tun Mutahir will
find new breed of young Malay warriors to protectwhat we have now against the dark days ahead .
(p. 5)
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HIKAYAT HANG TUAH
Loyalty and sincere servicesof a citizen towards his kingand state
Hang Tuah: symbol of Malayloyalty towards the ruler
Role of epics
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THE
MARONGMAHAWANGSA
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MARONG MAHAWANGSA
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MARONG MAHAWANGSA
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MARONG MAHAWANGSA
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TUHFAT AL-NAFIS
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TUHFAT AL-NAFIS
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TUHFAT AL-NAFIS
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SUMMARY
Writings are a source ofnational pride and strength
Rich historical background
Own civilizations andheritage long in the past
Rich cultural heritage
Cultural and historicalbackground of Malaysia