Trade Brazil
Transcript of Trade Brazil
Vanessa De Lima C.
Mariantonia Mejia C.
RULES OF ORIGIN Brazil does not apply non-preferential rules of origin
MERCOSUR origin is determined using general or specific rules (foodstuffs, pharmaceuticals, textiles, steel, telecommunications, and informatics products)
There are general and specific LAIA rules of origin.
Non-originating materials are used in the production of a good The c.i.f. value of inputs from third countries does not exceed 50% of the f.o.b.
Less developed countries this percentage is 60%.
TARIFFSAll tariffs are ad valorem, levied on the c.i.f. value of the
imports.
Average applied MFN is 11.5%.
Brazil increased its applied tariffs for chemical products, footwear, and textiles and clothing.
STRUCTURE OF TARIFF SCHEDULE1. Total number of tariff lines 9,765
2. Non-ad valorem tariffs (% of all tariff lines) 0.0
3. Non-ad valorem with no AVEs (% of all tariff lines) 0.0
4. Tariff quotas (% of all tariff lines) 0.1
5. Duty-free tariff lines (% of all tariff lines) 8.3
6. Dutiable lines average tariff rate (%) 12.5
7. Domestic tariff "peaks" (% of all tariff lines)a 4.3
8. International tariff "peaks" (% of all tariff lines)b 26.3
9. Bound tariff lines (% of all tariff lines) 100.0
BINDINGS tariff is 30.2%, which comprises an average of 35.2% for agricultural goods and 29.6% for non-agricultural goods.
CONCESSIONS obtained through the "Ex Tarifário" mechanism.
EXEMPTIONSGoods imported under the temporary admission regime Goods and services imported into a free-trade zone or export zone
Tariff Quota: up to 20 products at a time.
Preferences:
Andean Community(Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela)
Cuba, Peru via preferential agreements.
Suriname via a partial scope agreement.
Extends tariff preferences to imports from Bolivia, Chile, and Mexico (FTA).
Guyana via the partial scope agreement under the framework of LAIA.
OTHER CHARGESAFFECTING IMPORTS
Internal taxes are levied on imports:
The industrial products tax (IPI)
The tax on the circulation of merchandise and on the supply of interstate transportation and communication services (ICMS)
Contributions to the social integration programme (PIS)
Finance social security (COFINS).
CONTINGENCY MEASURES
Antidumping
Products affected belong to basic industries such as plastics, base metals, chemicals, and machinery.
Countervailing duties
Products exported from India: stainless steel bars and PET film.
Safeguard
On all WTO Members, with the exception of MERCOSUR members
PROHIBITIONS, RESTRICTIONS, AND LICENSING
Wines
Grapes and grape juice
Toys that replicate firearms
Weapons and ammunitions
Endangered animals and plants
TECHNICAL REGULATIONS ANDSTANDARDS
The Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply (MAPA) animal and plant health.
SPS: livestock, fruits, vegetables, grains, plants, veterinary drugs, pesticides.
The Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) protect human health Products imported and locally produced foodstuffs, tobacco, cosmetics, pesticides, and pharmaceutical products.
Brazil prohibits (imports, exports, and domestic commercialization):
Meat and other products from bovines fed with hormones.
Substances, natural or artificial, with anabolic characteristics.
The IPI, PIS, COFINS and IC MS are not levied on exports.
Export Taxes
NCM
HeadingProducts Destination Rate Legislation
Situation as at
August 2008
0801.31.00 Cashew nuts,
with shells
Any country 30% CAMEX Resolution No.
31, 20/10/03
Expired on 21/10/2005
2401, 2403 Tobacco and
its substitutes
Paraguay and Uruguay 150% Decree No. 3,646,
30/10/00
Revoked by Decree No.
5,492, 18/07/05
2402.20.00 Cigars South and Central
America and the
Caribbean
150% Decree No. 2,876,
14/12/98
In place
Brazil restricts:
Weapons and military equipment to Iraq, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Somalia
Material and technology
Bovine meat/poultry
Accredited by Ministry of Agriculture accepted by the EUsafe exporters.
Exports of certain wood (pine, imbuia, and virola) is subject to specific rules IBAMA
PROHIBITIONS, RESTRICTIONS, AND LICENSING
EXPORT SUBSIDIESNO export subsides to agricultural products.
finance, insurance, and guarantees
The Export Financing Programme (PROEX)PROEX FinancingPROEX Equalization
BNDES-EXIM programmeProvides preferential export credits linked to domestic content.
PROMOTION ANDMARKETING ASSISTANCE
Brazilian Trade and Investment Promotion Agency (APEX-Brasil).
Charge of attracting foreign investment to Brazil.
INCENTIVES AND OTHERGOVERNMENT ASSISTANCE
Provide subsidies for the development of particular regions, and for research and development.
Brazil provides incentives and government assistance both at the federal and at the state level.
Incentives programmes represented some 0.39%.
FREE-TRADE ZONESEight free-trade zones
Production operations
Manaus in Amazonas
Commerce operations
Tabatinga, in Amazonas
Macapa/Santana in Amapá
Brasiléia and Cruzeiro do Sul, in Acre
Boa Vista and Bonfim, in Roraima
Guajará-Mirim, in Rondônia
GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT
Brazil procurement is decentralized at three levels (federal, state and municipal).
Government procurement totalled R$22.2 billion.
The Ministries of Defence and of Transport expenditure (17% and 16.4%)
The Ministry of Education (14.5%)
The Ministry of Health (11.7%)
The Ministry of Finance (10.1%).
Brazil is NOT a party to the WTO Plurilateral
Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA).
The Brazilian government may not make a distinction between domestic and foreign-owned companies during the tendering process
INTELLECTUALPROPERTY RIGHTS
Brazil is a member of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) and a signatory to a number of intellectual property rights (IPRs) agreements.
Coverage Patents
Industrial designs
Utility models
Trade marks
Geographic indications
Copyright and related rights
Computer software
New plant varieties
Layout designs of integrated circuits
Undisclosed Information
SERVICESBrazil scheduled horizontal market access limitations on
the movement of natural persons, investment, commercial presence, and subsidies.
MERCOSUR Protocol of Montevideo on Trade in Services establishes a programme for the liberalization of intra-trade in services