Trade Benefits of Submarine Cable...
Transcript of Trade Benefits of Submarine Cable...
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2011/SOM3/CTI/TPD/006 Session 1
Trade Benefits of Submarine Cable Protection
Submitted by: University of Wollongong
Trade Policy Dialogue on Trade Benefits from Submarine Cable Protection
San Francisco, United States18 September 2011
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Trade Benefits of Submarine Cable ProtectionSession 1: “Risks to trade in goods and services and
international financial markets posed by multiple submarine cable disruptions.”
Garry Bowditch CEO, SMART Infrastructure FacilityAPEC Trade Policy Dialogue , San Francisco 18 September 2011
An international leader in applied infrastructure research
An international leader in applied infrastructure research
SMART INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITY
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PURPOSE
Generate understanding of interconnection + interdependencies of infrastructure to drive inter-disciplinary infrastructure research and education
Generate understanding of interconnection + interdependencies of infrastructure to drive inter-disciplinary infrastructure research and education
INFRASTRUCTURE?holistic and integrated approach to infrastructureholistic and integrated approach to infrastructure
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SYSTEMWIDE UNDERSTANDING
Transportationroads
railports / airports
Communicationslandlineswireless
cable
Energyelectric
gasoil
renewable
Waterpotable
wastewater
Interdependencies and Behavior
Source: Critical Infrastructure Interdependencies Modeling: A Survey of U.S. and International Research, Idaho National Laboratory
Electric Grid
Sewer Lines
TransportationNetwork
Communications
Water Lines
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Visualisation - a new language
Global Air Traffic Movement over 24 hrs
Submarine Fibre-Optic Network 2007
Source: Global Marine Systems Ltd
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Map Protection zones
American Embassy (Canberra) cable to Washington 13/03/09:
"Post has identified undersea cables landing in Australia … as critical infrastructure/key resources in Australia whose loss would immediately affect the security of the United States …
The undersea cables such as the Southern Cross undersea link which lands near Sydney is the most obvious direct link …
Losing it would disrupt national security and financial data flows, as well as basic news and information …”
Acknowledged critical infrastructure
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What is critical infrastructure
Those physical facilities, supply chains, information technologies and communication networks which, If destroyed, degraded or rendered unavailable for an extended period, would significantly impact on the social or economic wellbeing of the nation or affect Australia’s ability to conduct national defence and ensure national security.
Critical Infrastructure Resilience Strategy
Foreseeable Risks Unforeseen / Unexpected Risks
Legal requirements Building capacity in organisations
Expand due diligence via information on risks/vulnerabilities
Enhanced adaptative ability
Risk management approach Capturing learnings from incidents & near misses
Sector risk approach Body of knowledge on organisational resilience
(OLD APPROACH) Dealing with complexity
(NEW APPROACH)
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From protection to resilience
• Critical Infrastructure Resilience Strategy, June 2010
• Aim: continued operation of critical infrastructure in the face of all hazards
• Demonstrated shift away from protection to resilience
• Resilience cannot be achieved by either Government or Industry alone
• Partnership required - Trusted Information Sharing Network (TISN) for Critical Infrastructure Resilience
• Analyse & share information forum - TISN Communications Sector Group (CSG)
Challenge of resilient approaches:
• Protection method: Extreme construction and production ‘protection’ standards (expensive)
• Extreme protection & monitoring by Govt &/or industry• Silo approach by either Govt or Industry (secretive)• Narrow view of the infrastructure – i.e. just the cable
Protection or resilience
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80
60
40
20
%
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000Cable faults caused by external aggression demonstrate the impact of human activities
Base data provided by Tyco Telecommunications & Global Marine Systems
Fishing
Anchors
Knowing the expected risks
Strategic, multi-lever, adaptive approach:
• Preventative - concentrate on what causes the majority of problems
• Regulatory approach • Generate awareness or problems• Resilient networks (system view & response)• Collaborative industry & Govt• Strategic maintenance approach
New resilience
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Building capacity• collaboration, partnerships, exercises, research, network
mapping
Enhanced adaptative ability• network resilience, research, simulation & modelling scenarios
Capturing learnings from incidents & near misses• collaboration, info exchange, knowledge management
Body of knowledge on organisational resilience• collaboration, research, info exchange
Dealing with complexity• simulation & modelling, info exchange
Preparing for the unexpected
Wicked problems* defined
"Wicked problem" is a phrase originally used in social planning to describe a problem that is difficult or impossible to solve because of incomplete, contradictory, and changing requirements that are often difficult to recognize.
Moreover, because of complex interdependencies, the effort to solve one aspect of a wicked problem may reveal or create other problems.
* Horst Rittel and Melvin M. Webber formally described the concept of w icked problems in a 1973 treatise, contrasting "w icked" problems w ith relatively "tame," soluble problems in mathematics, chess, or puzzle solving.
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Wicked problems
• The problem is not understood until after the formulation of a solution.
• Wicked problems have no stopping rule.• Solutions to wicked problems are not right
or wrong.• Every wicked problem is essentially novel
and unique.• Every solution to a wicked problem is a 'one
shot operation‘.• Wicked problems have no given alternative
solutions.
Research that is needed
• Systems of systems thinking
• Role of visualisation
• Interdependencies
• Observational data for smart infrastructure
• Impact of regulation
• International benchmarks and exchange of ideas and approaches
• Educational needs
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Provocation
• How should we define the parameters of the problem for submarine cable protection?
• How do we promote international collaboration on research & analysis?
• How do we get the skilled STEM professionals to do the work?
• What is the right balance between resilience, national security, economic efficiency and social acceptability?
• What is the role of Government at a range of scales in helping the agenda?
• How dangerous is the ‘do nothing’ option?
Garry Bowditch CEOSMART Infrastructure Facility+61 2 4221 1241
http://smart.uow.edu.au
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