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Transcript of Trade and the Green Economy. Trade and Green Economy United Nations Environment Programme Dr....
Trade and the Green Economy
Trade and Green Economy
United Nations Environment Programme
Dr. Moustapha Kamal Gueye
Joint UNECA-UNEP-ICTSD event UN Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20)
Regional Preparatory Meeting for Africa 19 October 2011 ~ Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
What is a Green Economy?
A Green Economy is one that results
in increased human well-being and
social equity, while significantly reducing
environmental risks and ecological
scarcities.
A green economy stimulates growth, exceeding BAU over
time…
GDP growth (%)
…while reducing ecological scarcities and environmental
risks
Composition of exports in (monetary units) by world
regions, 2006
Share of NR in total value of Africa’s exports
Source: Aryeetey
1995 2000 2006
Manufactured goods 24.3 21.5 18.0
Natural resources 60.7 68.9 74.9
Food items 15.0 9.6 7.1
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Natural resources
Manufactured goods
Food products
Raw material extraction & trade
Resource curse of leapfrogging?
• Growing faster than ever before
• Diversification, resource sector down to 24%
• But primary resources still 80% of exports
• Prices are too low
• Resource rents not properly invested
• Decoupling helps Africa to rethink development
Source: UNEP, International Resource Panel, 2011
Green economy and trade: Linkages
• Trade effects
• Trade-related concerns
• Trade opportunities
• Trade tools
• Development needs
What does a green economy mean for trade in
Africa?• How might countries’ Green
Economy strategies affect trade with and between African countries?
• What effects might a transition to a Green Economy have on Africa’s key economic sectors?– Agriculture– Natural resources– Services– Manufacturing
Enabling Africa’s transition to a green economy
• What policies and tools can facilitate a Green Economy transition in Africa?– Standards– Investment
• How do we achieve a Green Economy in an efficient and equitable manner?– Which actions should be
prioritized?
Uganda – Sustainable agriculture
48-68% less emissions and carbon sequestration
The global market:97% of buyers in OECD countries; 80% of producers in Africa, Asia and Latin AmericaA $ 60 bn market growing at 10% per year
US$ 22.8 mil (2007/8)US$ 6.2 mil (2004/5)US$ 3.7 mil (2003/4)
Role for the international community
• How could the multilateral trade framework support Africa’s transition to a Green Economy?
• Trade-related capacity building and development aid
– What types of international support are most desirable?
Thank you
www.unep.org/greeneconomy