Tracy Green Lindsay ShraderTracy Green Lindsay Shrader

Kathleen Hurst Wendy GortonKathleen Hurst Wendy Gorton

Gardner’s Multiple Gardner’s Multiple IntelligencesIntelligences

IntroductionIntroduction The Theory of Multiple Intelligences The Theory of Multiple Intelligences

was created by Dr. Howard Gardner was created by Dr. Howard Gardner in 1983. in 1983.

Gardner’s theory places an emphasis on the Gardner’s theory places an emphasis on the idea that the traditional understanding of idea that the traditional understanding of intelligence by means of IQ testing is far too intelligence by means of IQ testing is far too limited.limited.

To broaden this notion of intelligence, Gardner To broaden this notion of intelligence, Gardner introduced eight different types of intelligences introduced eight different types of intelligences consisting of (and to be elaborated on later): consisting of (and to be elaborated on later): Logical/Mathematical, Linguistic, Musical, Logical/Mathematical, Linguistic, Musical, Spatial, Bodily-Kinesthetic, Naturalist, Spatial, Bodily-Kinesthetic, Naturalist, Interpersonal, Intrapersonal.Interpersonal, Intrapersonal.

The Eight IntelligencesThe Eight Intelligences

Logical-Mathematical (Number/Reasoning Logical-Mathematical (Number/Reasoning Smart):Smart): Sensitivity to, and capacity to Sensitivity to, and capacity to discern, logical or numerical patterns; discern, logical or numerical patterns; ability to handle long chains of reasoningability to handle long chains of reasoning End States: Scientist, MathematicianEnd States: Scientist, Mathematician

Linguistic (Word Smart):Linguistic (Word Smart): Sensitivity to the Sensitivity to the sounds, rhythms, and meanings of words; sounds, rhythms, and meanings of words; sensitivity to the different functions of sensitivity to the different functions of languagelanguage End States: Poet, JournalistEnd States: Poet, Journalist

The Eight IntelligencesThe Eight Intelligences

Musical (Music Smart):Musical (Music Smart): Abilities to produce Abilities to produce and appreciate rhythm, pitch, and timbre; and appreciate rhythm, pitch, and timbre; appreciation of the forms of musical appreciation of the forms of musical expressivenessexpressiveness End States: Composer, ViolinistEnd States: Composer, Violinist

Spatial (Picture Smart) :Spatial (Picture Smart) : Capacities to Capacities to perceive the visual-spatial world perceive the visual-spatial world accurately and to perform transformations accurately and to perform transformations on one’s initial perceptionson one’s initial perceptions End States: Navigator, SculptorEnd States: Navigator, Sculptor

The Eight IntelligencesThe Eight Intelligences

Bodily-Kinesthetic (Body Smart):Bodily-Kinesthetic (Body Smart): Abilities Abilities to control one’s body movements and to to control one’s body movements and to handle objects skillfullyhandle objects skillfully End States: Dancer, AthleteEnd States: Dancer, Athlete

Naturalist (Nature Smart):Naturalist (Nature Smart): Abilities to Abilities to recognize plants and animals, to make recognize plants and animals, to make distinctions in the natural world, to distinctions in the natural world, to understand systems and define categories understand systems and define categories End States: Botanist, Farmer, HunterEnd States: Botanist, Farmer, Hunter

The Eight Intelligences The Eight Intelligences

Interpersonal (People Smart):Interpersonal (People Smart): Capacities Capacities to discern and respond appropriately to to discern and respond appropriately to the moods, temperaments, motivations, the moods, temperaments, motivations, and desires of other peopleand desires of other people End States: Therapist, SalesmanEnd States: Therapist, Salesman

Intrapersonal (Self-Smart):Intrapersonal (Self-Smart): Access to Access to one’s own feelings and the ability to one’s own feelings and the ability to discriminate among them and draw on discriminate among them and draw on them to guide behaviorthem to guide behavior End States: Personal with detailed, accurate End States: Personal with detailed, accurate

self-knowledgeself-knowledge

ApplicationsApplications Dr. Gardner says that our schools and culture focus most of Dr. Gardner says that our schools and culture focus most of

their attention on linguistic and logical-mathematical their attention on linguistic and logical-mathematical intelligence, where some unique ways of thinking aren’t intelligence, where some unique ways of thinking aren’t addressed.addressed.

This often leads to kids being labeled as “learning disabled” This often leads to kids being labeled as “learning disabled” or “hyperactive” when they may not be.or “hyperactive” when they may not be.

The theory of multiple intelligences proposes a major The theory of multiple intelligences proposes a major transformation in the way our schools are run. It suggests transformation in the way our schools are run. It suggests that teachers be trained to present their lessons in a wide that teachers be trained to present their lessons in a wide variety of ways using music, cooperative learning, art variety of ways using music, cooperative learning, art activities, role play, multimedia, field trips, inner reflection, activities, role play, multimedia, field trips, inner reflection, and much moreand much more

Implementing GardnerImplementing Gardner Lesson DesignLesson Design Using all or different intelligences and Using all or different intelligences and

asking students for opinions on them.asking students for opinions on them. Student ProjectsStudent Projects Students can learn to "initiate and Students can learn to "initiate and

manage complex projects" when they are creating manage complex projects" when they are creating

student projects.student projects. Assessments Assessments Devised which allow students to show Devised which allow students to show

what they have learned. Sometimes this takes the form what they have learned. Sometimes this takes the form of allowing each student to devise the way he or she will of allowing each student to devise the way he or she will be assessed, while meeting the teacher's criteria for be assessed, while meeting the teacher's criteria for quality.quality.

Misuses: Trying to teach all concepts or subjects using Misuses: Trying to teach all concepts or subjects using all intelligences, using an intelligence as a background all intelligences, using an intelligence as a background for other activities, direct evaluation or grading of for other activities, direct evaluation or grading of intelligences without regard to context. intelligences without regard to context.

Implementing GardnerImplementing GardnerCommon Good Uses (from Gardner himself)Common Good Uses (from Gardner himself) The cultivation of desired capabilities.The cultivation of desired capabilities. Schools should Schools should

“cultivate those skills and capabilities that are valued in the “cultivate those skills and capabilities that are valued in the community and in the broader society.”community and in the broader society.”

Approaching a concept, subject matter, discipline in a Approaching a concept, subject matter, discipline in a variety of ways.variety of ways. Schools try to cover too much. “It makes Schools try to cover too much. “It makes far more sense to spend a significant amount of time on key far more sense to spend a significant amount of time on key concepts, generative ideas, and essential questions and to concepts, generative ideas, and essential questions and to allow students to become familiar with these notions and allow students to become familiar with these notions and their implications.their implications.

The personalization of education.The personalization of education. “At the heat of this “At the heat of this perspective- in theory and in practice- inheres in taking perspective- in theory and in practice- inheres in taking human difference seriously.”human difference seriously.”

ConclusionConclusion

An awareness of Gardner’s multiple-intelligence An awareness of Gardner’s multiple-intelligence theory has provided teachers with the theory has provided teachers with the knowledge necessary to satisfy the educational knowledge necessary to satisfy the educational needs of many more students.needs of many more students.

With an understanding of Gardner's theory of With an understanding of Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, teachers, school multiple intelligences, teachers, school administrators, and parents can better administrators, and parents can better understand the different possibilities of each understand the different possibilities of each students’ learning preference. The application of students’ learning preference. The application of of multiple intelligences in the classroom can of multiple intelligences in the classroom can stimulate a student’s learning in new ways. stimulate a student’s learning in new ways.

ReferencesReferences

Woolfolk, Anita. Woolfolk, Anita. Educational Psychology.Educational Psychology. http://www.ibiblio.org/edweb/http://www.ibiblio.org/edweb/

edref.mi.th3.htmledref.mi.th3.html http://www.thomasarmstrong.com/http://www.thomasarmstrong.com/

multiple_intelligences.htmmultiple_intelligences.htm