Tracking Changes to JATS XML in an Online Proofing System

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Dartmouth Journal Services

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Content Services for STM Publishers

Peer Review Editorial XML-First Composition Electronic Deliverables

Online Hosting

Mobile Apps

Print

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The Sheridan Group (TSG) Hunt Valley, MD

Technology Lab (TSG) Hunt Valley, MD

Dartmouth Journal Services (DJS)Waterbury, Vermont

Dartmouth Printing Company (DPC)Hanover, New Hampshire

The Sheridan Press (TSP)Hanover, Pennsylvania

Sheridan Books (SBI)Ann Arbor and Chelsea, Michigan

SBI

DJS

TSP

TSG

DPC

The Sheridan Group Companies

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If the online journal is the journal of record, then how come almost all production workflows only provide PDF proofs?

PDFs cannot incorporate, without significant cost, the elements of tomorrow’s scientific articles; (i.e., multi-media content, data linking, semantic enrichment, supplemental material)

HTML presentation is the future of science articles, even if PDF is the file of record today. HTML5 alone offers an expanding array of features that will improve presentation in the browser (i.e., MathML support, offline caching, native browser support for multi-media, etc.)

The Question

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The PDF-Based Workflow

Correction Cycle

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Project Team

Charles O’ConnorWorkflow Automation SpecialistArticleExpress Project Manager

Mike HeppDirector, Technology StrategyArticleExpress Project Leader

Antony GnanapiragasamWorkflow Automation SpecialistArticleExpress System Architect

Tina FleischerTechnical Support SpecialistArticleExpress Quality Assurance

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Web-based Proofing, Editing, and Review System and Automated XML-Driven Composition

The Solution

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Online XML Editing

Correction Cycle

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Building Support for the Idea

DJS

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Collaborative Online Editing Environment

ProductionTeam

Production Editor

Publisher

CorrespondingAuthor

Co-Authors

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For a browser-based XML article proofing system to function well in a journal publishing workflow, it must have a comprehensive change tracking capability:

Multiple users interacting with the system and document in the same workflow step

The ability to act upon the changes, regardless of what role/actor made them and regardless of what order they were inserted

Allow editors to accept or reject changes without breaking the underlying XML

The Technical Challenge for Track Changes

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Underlying XML Editing Environment

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Although the XML editing environment choice was important, there were limitations that needed to be overcome through custom development:

No easy way for authors to add more complex XML structures

Change tracking – limited to insertions and deletions only

XML Editing Limitations

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1 2 3 4 5 6

XML 1 XML 2 XML 4 XML 6XML 5XML 3

Sequential Editing

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1

2

3

4

5

6

XML 1

XML 4

XML 8

Parallel Editing

8 9

XML 2

XML 6

XML 5

XML 3

XML 9

Merge

XML 7

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The Longest Common Subsequence Problem

We may get an accurate representation of the difference between the original and the edited versions of the text, but it may not tell us what the author actually did.

Limitations of XML Differencing Approach

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Before: “I say cheese to you”

After: “I say oh pleeze to you”

Diff: “I say coh pleesze to you”

Limitations of XML Differencing Approach

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Loss of Granularity

Attempting to overcome this problem by applying a cleanup parameter or otherwise grouping changes can lead to a loss in the granularity of changes.

Changes within changes will not be marked individually as changes, which is a problem if they should be dealt with discretely.

Limitations of XML Differencing Approach

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Loss of Granularity

Before <p>hello world</p>

After <p><italic>hello silly italic world</italic></p>

Limitations of XML Differencing Approach

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Custom Elements

Use information from event handlers in SDL LiveContent Create to create custom track changes elements and attributes.

Edits can be performed in a number of ways we needed different elements to capture these edits

Custom Elements

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Custom Elements

Custom Elements

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Custom Elements

Example of formatting.

Custom Elements

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1 2

3

4

5

6

XML 1

XML 2

XML 4 XML 5XML 3

Random Access Sequential Editing

7 8 9

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Solved by designing and developing:

Comprehensive change tracking

Rule engine that protects the structure of the XML by governing the order of acceptance and rejection of edits

Denormalization of nested elements to granularly expose all edits

Change Tracking Solution

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Rule Engine for Accepting/Rejecting Changes

Format

Delete

Insert

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ProofExpress – Review Mode

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Problem: Order of decision making…

If the system does not enforce an order of decision making, then the process may break the XML.

Rule Engine for Accepting/Rejecting Changes

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Order of Decision Making Solution

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XML Denormalization

For the accept/reject rule engine to work properly, the track changes tool must show how changed nodes are nested within each other.

As per the rule engine, insertions and deletions should always be the outside changes when they occur in relation to changes in formatting.

XML Denormalization

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XML Denormalization

Formatting nodes

XML Denormalization

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ArticleExpress Demo

Questions?