Trachea Cholson Banjo E. Garcia. Suspended from the cricoid cartilage by the CRICOTRACHEAL LIGAMENT...
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Transcript of Trachea Cholson Banjo E. Garcia. Suspended from the cricoid cartilage by the CRICOTRACHEAL LIGAMENT...
![Page 1: Trachea Cholson Banjo E. Garcia. Suspended from the cricoid cartilage by the CRICOTRACHEAL LIGAMENT Length: 10-13 cm From C6-C7 to T4-T5 Bifurcate at.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649f4e5503460f94c6fa9d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
TracheaCholson Banjo E. Garcia
![Page 2: Trachea Cholson Banjo E. Garcia. Suspended from the cricoid cartilage by the CRICOTRACHEAL LIGAMENT Length: 10-13 cm From C6-C7 to T4-T5 Bifurcate at.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649f4e5503460f94c6fa9d/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
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Suspended from the cricoid cartilage by the CRICOTRACHEAL LIGAMENT
Length: 10-13 cmFrom C6-C7 to T4-T5Bifurcate at T4-T5 level into the right and
left main bronchi
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Lumen maintained by 12-20 hyaline cartilage rings
Horseshoe shape interconnected by strong cartilagenous and elastic connective tissue fibers- Annular ligaments
Cervical part 6-7 cm long, 6-8 cartilaginous rings
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Membranous posterior wall- foreign bodies and tumors of the esophagus may impinge upon the posterior surface of the trachea constricting the airway lumen
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Transverse diameter 13-20 mm 13-16 mm women, 16-20 mm men
Lined by two rows of CILIATED EPITHELIUM with GOBLET CELLS
Blood Supply- Inferior Thyroid Artery and Superior thyroid artery
Lymphatic- Vertical lymphatic chain of the Neck and Paratracheal and Mediastinal group of LN
Nerve Supply- Vagus and Symphatetic trunk
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Malformations
Symptoms: Airway obstruction with inspiratory and
expiratory stridor Wheezing Cyanosis Gasping for breath
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Tracheal Tumors
Chondroma, Osteochondroma, Osteoma
Appear as thickening of trachel or bronchial cartilage
Grow slowly and cause extensive bronchopulmonary destruction
Tx: Surgical Removal
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Tracheopathia osteochondroplasticaMalformation of the trachea and
bronchial cartilagesAbnormal deposits of cartilaginous
tissue in the endotracheal mucosacan cause progressive airway
obstructionWheezing, coughing, hemoptysis,
respiratory distress
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Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma Tx: surgical, radiotherapy
and chemotherapy Palliative: tumor
debulking, stent insertion, tracheotomy
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Infectious Diseases
Acute Subglottic Laryngitis Synonym: acute laryngotracheobronchitis Cause: Viral Infants and small childre 6 months- 3years Peaks spring and fall Develop 1-3 days during th course f UR viral
disease
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Symptom Horse voice Dry, harsh barking cough Stridor loudest during inspiration
Dx Body temp- elevated or normal Leukocytosis- absent Laryngoscopy: inflammatory swelling below the vocal
cords and in the upper part of the cervical trachea
Treatment Airway humidification and fluid intake
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Bacterial Laryngotracheatis Sporadically and without seasonal incidence Viral etiology with subsequent bacterial
superinfectionSymptoms and Dx
Gradual onset with rhinitis and pharyngitis + expiratory and inspiratory stridor, rales over the lungs, other pulmonary complications
Mucosal redness, vocal cords red and swollen on PETreatment
Antibiotic with mucolytic agents ( ambroxol) Airway humidification Adequate fluid intake
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Foreign Body aspiration
Most prevalent in children under 3 years of age 2:1 boys over girls
Oropharyngeal swallowing abnormailitiesFound 4x more often on the right main
bronchusSymptoms depends on the size, shape and
compositionComplete obstruction: cyanotic, aphonic
patient with spasmodic breathing movements
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Bolus death: acute cardiac arrest caused by a vasovagal reflex evoked by obstrction of upper airways
Radiographs: key in the diagnosis Heimlich maneuver
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