Trace element nutrition and bone metabolism - WPSA minerals_bone.pdf · 2014-05-04 · Trace...
Transcript of Trace element nutrition and bone metabolism - WPSA minerals_bone.pdf · 2014-05-04 · Trace...
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Trace element nutrition and
bone metabolism
Cibele Torres1,2 & Doug Korver1
1University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
2Current Address: Nutreco Poultry Research Centre, Spain
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The Broiler Skeleton
http://www.thepoultrysite.com/articles/2216/biomechanical-compromises-and-constraints-on-locomotion-and-breathing-in-broiler-chickens
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Bone mineral
• Mineralization
– Hydroxyapatite Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2
• Bone strength
– brittleness
http://www.iupui.edu/~bbml/boneintro.shtml
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Cartilage matrix
• Tensile strength & elasticity
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Embryonic bone growth
Femur – 20d embryo Cartilage model 20d chicken embryo
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Embryonic bone growth
Adapted from Kubota et al., (1981)
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Bone growth - elongation
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Bone growth - width
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Trace elements & bones
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Trace elements & bones
• Copper
– Lysyl oxidase
• Elastin and collagen cross-linking
– Tensile strength and elasticity
A: non-crosslinked collagen fibrils
E,G: crosslinked collagen fibrils after mineralization composed of bundles of subfibrils
Yi & Aparicio, 2013
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Trace elements & bones
• Manganese
– Polymerase & galactotransferase
• Chondroitin sulfate – hyaline cartilage
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Trace elements & bones
• Zinc
– Collagenase cofactor
• Collagen formation
– Alkaline phosphatase
• Bone mineralization
– Osteoblast proliferation
– Growth plate gene expression
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Trace element requirements
• Little new research
– Dietary requirements well understood
– Low cost of supplementation
– Toleration of excess
• Opportunities
– Selection for rapid growth
– Maternal nutrient transfer
– Organic trace minerals
– Phytase
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Broiler 50 years ago Broiler 30 years ago Today’s Broiler
M. Zuidhof, University of Alberta
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Organic trace elements
• Inorganic trace minerals (ITM)
• Organic trace minerals (OTM)
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Organic trace elements
Organic forms are assumed to have increased bioavailability(Lesson, 2003)
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0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
Young Mid Old
mm
Femur width at hatch
Control OTM OTM + ITM High ITM
bc ba babcdbc ab
de e e e
P= 0.005
Maternal trace element nutrition
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Femur length E15
bc ab a c
Treatment: P=0.005
BW <.0001 a, b, c LSmeans with different letters are significantly different (P≤0.05).
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Phytase
• Binding of divalent metal cations
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Conclusion
• Trace minerals are essential for bone formation
• Little current research on trace minerals and
bone metabolism
– Physiological limits to skeletal growth/development?
– Specialized application of supplements
• Organic trace elements
• Phytase