SCOTLANDHistory ScotlandHistory of the clansHistory of the skirtImportant monu-ments

Celia María García Pacheco 3ºB E.S.O.

History:

PREHISTORY:

It's believed that the first groups of hunter-gatherers arrived about 11,000 years ago, when the ice of the first glaciation began to retreat northward. The first settlements ap-peared on the Scottish territory about 9500 years ago, and the first villages about 6,000.

History:

ROMANIZATION OF SCOTLAND:

He written history of Scotland begins with the romanization of central southern Britain. The Romans called Caledonia initially to Scotland, by the vast pine forest Caledonians. The main people which sat in the region was of Scottish Pictos, so called because of their habit of pain-ting their bodies. The Escotos were Irish.

History:

MEDIEVAL HISTORY:

The kingdom of the Pictos had greatly expan-ded during the Middle Ages, perhaps in res-ponse to Roman imperialism itself. In the batt-le of Dunnichen (685) defeated the Pictos tri-bes Northumbria. The kingdom of the Pictos occupied at this time, according to the descrip-tion of the Venerable Bede, an area similar to that later occupy the kingdom of the Escotos during the reign of Alexander I (1107-1124).

Towards the end of s. XII, the kings of Alba had added to their territories the English-speaking area of southeastern Scotland and also domi-nated areas of Galloway and Caithness, at the end of s. XIII, this kingdom had spread up to the approximate extent of the current Scotland. On the s. XIII introduced feudalism. In 1286 he broke the line of succession of the reigning dy-nasty. This led to the intervention of Edward I of England, put on the throne of his protege John Balliol.When their relationship deteriorated, the-re was an attempted conquest of England by William Wallace rejected by the Wars of Scot-tish Independence.

Meanwhile, Robert the Bruce was proclaimed King of Scotland by the name of Robert I of Scotland. The war with England continued for several decades and the civil war between Ro-bert the Bruce dynasty and supporters of Ba-lliol, lasted until the middle of s. XIV. The ab-sence of descendants of David II allowed his nephew Robert II, ascended the throne and put him to the Stuart dynasty. The Stuarts ruled Scotland for the remainder of the Middle Ages. Struggles continue with England and the inter-nal division between the Highlands and Low-lands.

MODERN HISTORY:

The Modern Age opened in Scottish history with the Rough Wooing, a series of intermit-tent military offensives by which England tried to force a marriage between Mary Queen of Scots and Edward VI of England, finally failed objective. Furthermore, the s. XVI of the Pro-testant Reformation, led in Scotland. In 1603, Scotland remained an independent state.

History:

Scotland threatened to choose a different Pro-testant king of England. In 1707, after British the threats to close the trade with Scotland, signed the Act of Union, which certified the cre-ation of the Kingdom of Great Britain.

SCOTTISH ENLIGHTENMENT:

The Scottish Enlightenment or School was a cultural movement of the eighteenth century production characterized by the prominent in-tellectual, scientific, and cultural work in Scot-land, especially from the second half of the century. Usually seen as a golden age in the history of Scotland,

History:

this move meant the cultural explosion Scots becoming internationalized and Scotland in one of the main cultural centers of Europe. The si-tuation worsened after the First World War, which killed a large number of Scots, mainly from the Highlands, but especially after the Se-cond World War, after which the economic si-tuation deteriorated rapidly in Scotland, with the disappearance of a large number of industries that were no longer competitive in the interna-tional market. In the last decades of s. XX tar-get country achieved economic and cultural re-covery.

History of the clans:

They are a social group and structured Scot-tish identity, whose authority in matters of he-raldry. From the nineteenth century and un-der the image of them were writers like Wal-ter Scott, most clan tartans adopted themsel-ves. The most powerful wore tartans of their respective districts.

History of the skirt:

The kilt is the garment more typical of Scot-land. Consists a skirt but has the peculiarity that the men wear. Currently only for special occasions like weddings, conventions, etc. The kilt color differentiates the different clans that exist in Scotland. Viewing color kilt could know which clan he belonged. Because of the big rains that fall in Scotland over the year, is said to have used these skirts get wet to pre-vent the bottoms of his trousers. The particular design of each box is called the clan tartan.

Scotland The image is that of a clean and un-polluted paradise, has thousands of historic si-tes and attractions: stone circles, menhirs, prehistoric burial chambers and abundant re-mains of Bronze Age, Iron Age and Stone Age. would the Burrell Collection, Glasgow Cathedral, Glasgow Science Centre and the Kelvingrove Museum. Glasgow has Victorian Gothic architecture and shopping.

IMPORTANT MONUMENTS

Highlights include Stirling Castle and the Wi-lliam Wallace Monument. The University of Saint Andrews (Scotland's oldest).