AUSTRALIA

GEOGRAPHY AUSTRALIAN

Australia is one of the 14 independent countries of Oceania and is the world's sixth largest. Surrounded by the Indian, Pacific and Antarctic Glacial, is separated from Asia by the Arafura and Timor seas.

The 7,686,850 km ² of Australia are located in the Indo-Australian plate. Australia has a coastline of 25,760 km

Physical MAP

With 2228 m altitude, Mount Kosciuszko on the Great Dividing Range is the highest mountain in Australia

The Australian hydrography is clear evidence of the drying process that suffers the island continent, the two major rivers, the Murray Darling and despite having greater lengths than 2000 km lead over most of his meager flow section that gives the appearance of narrow streams

CLIMATE MAP

Australian monuments

The Monument to Pope John Paul II, is a bronze statue depicting Pope John Paul II, located on the side of the Cathedral of St. Mary of Sydney in Sydney city.

The Gay and Lesbian Holocaust Memorial (Memorial to the Holocaust of gays and lesbians) is a monument located in the Green Park Sydney (Australia) opened on 27 February 2001.

The Hyde Park Obelisk is an obelisk located in Hyde Park in the city of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales in Australia. Serves as a sewer vent designed to remove harmful sewer gases that move above street level. Inspired by Cleopatra's Needle on the banks of the River Thames in London.

Wildlife In Australia

The fauna of Australia consists of a huge variety of animals:

Some 83% of mammals, 89% of reptiles, 90% of fish and insects and 93% of amphibians that inhabit the continent are endemic to Australia.

1.1 Mammals. Australia has a rich mammalian fossil history, as well as a variety of

extant mammalian species, dominated by the marsupials Monotremes and marsupials The monotremes differ from other mammals in their methods of

reproduction; in particular, they lay eggs instead of giving birth to live young.

Australia has the world's largest and most diverse range of marsupials.

1.2 Birds. Australia and its territories are home to around 800 species of

bird; about 350 of these are endemic to the zoogeographic region that covers Australia, New Guinea and New Zealand.

Australia and its territories are home to around 800 species of bird.About 200 species of seabird live on the Australian coast.

One very common large seabird is the Australian Pelican, which can be found in most waterways in Australia. The Little Penguin is the only species of penguin that breeds on mainland Australia.

1.3Amphibians and reptiles Australia has four families of native frogs and one introduced

toad, the Cane Toad. Australia has two species of crocodile. The Saltwater Crocodile,

known colloquially as the "salty," is the largest living crocodile species; reaching over 7 m, and weighing over 1,000 kg they can and do kill people.

The Australian coast is visited by six species of sea turtle. Australia is the only continent[citation needed] where

venomous snakes outnumber their non-venomous cousins. Australian snakes belong to seven families. Of these, the most venomous species.

1.4 Fish. More than 4,500 species of fish inhabit Australia's waterways;

of these, 90% are endemic. However, because of the relative scarcity of freshwater waterways, Australia has only about 300 species of freshwater fish.

Several exotic freshwater fish species, including Brown, Brook and Rainbow Trout, Atlantic and Chinook Salmon, Redfin Perch, Common Carp, and Mosquitofish.

Climate of Australia

2.1 Rain. The climate of Australia varies widely due to its large geographical size,

but by far the largest part of Australia is desert or semi-arid. Only the south-east and south-west corners have a temperate climate and moderately fertile soil. The northern part of the country has a tropical climate, varied between tropical rainforests, grasslands, part desert.

The rain is variable, with frequent droughts.

The rainfall patterns across Australia are highly seasonal. It however rains more in winter than in summer by approximately 11%, and compared to the Earth's other continental landmasses Australia is very dry. More than 80% of the continent has an annual rainfall of less than 600 mm ; only Antarctica receives less rainfall than Australia.

2.2 Snow In Australia, snow falls on the highlands near

the east coast, in the states of Victoria, New South Wales and Tasmania and the Australian Capital Territory. There is a regular snow season in several areas which have seasonal ski tourism industries. Sometimes snow has even been reported in the mountains of South Australia, Western Australia and Queensland, though this is rare.

Vegetation.

The flora of Australia comprises a vast assemblage of plant species estimated to over 20,000 vascular and 14,000 non-vascular plants, 250,000 species of fungi and over 3,000 lichens.

Prominent features of the Australian flora are adaptations to aridity and fire which include scleromorphy and serotiny 

3.1 Vascular plants. Australia has over 30,000 described species of vascular

plants, these include the angiosperms, seed-bearing non-angiosperms

3.2 Fungi The fungal flora of Australia is not well

characterised; Australia is estimated to have about 250,000 fungal species of which roughly 5% have been described. Knowledge of distribution, substrates and habitats is poor for most species, with the exception of common plant pathogens

3.3Biodiversity hotspots The Australian Government's

Threatened Species Scientific Committee has identified 15 biodiversity hotspots in Australian and 85 characteristic ecosystems.

The five best Australian actors

of recent times

Mel Gibson: One of the most recognizable Australian actors, was in this country where he developed his love of film, which brought him back to America to star in classic franchises like Lethal Weapon and Mad Max, and then also switching to the address, The acclaimed Braveheart

Hugh Jackman: Much of his success as an actor owes the role of Wolverine in X-Men, which allowed him to become famous, his talent does not end with a character and played the classic Van Helsing and was nominated for an Oscar for his

role in the musical Les Miserables.

  Heath Ledger : Maybe today is the most iconic Australian actor. His most memorable role, that of the Joker in The Dark Knight (2008) unfortunately will forever be linked to his death long before the premiere, which gives it a dark and dramatic tinge to it would have been just one of the best performances in recent years. His talent had already been demonstrated in several previous films, mainly Brokeback Mountain (2005).

Russell Crowe: He became known worldwide for his starring role in Gladiator (2000) but before he had starred major films (the aforementioned LA Confidential and The Insider) It probably became the most charismatic actor participating in almost twenty films more, several of them great relevance.

Geoffrey Rush:This actor is part of the small group of those who have won what is known as the "Triple Crown of Acting", that have been the most prestigious awards working in film, television and theater (Oscars, Awards Emmy and Tony Awards, respectively). One of his most popular roles is that of Captain Barbossa in Pirates of the Caribbean saga. However, more awards and nominations earned was his performance in The King's Speech (2010).

Best Australian

singers

The music, dance and art of the Australian Aborigines have a remarkable influence on the performing and visual arts in contemporary Australia. The nation has an active tradition of music, ballet and theater, many performing arts companies receive public funding through the Australia Council for the Arts. There is an orchestra in each capital city and a national opera company, Opera Australia. Australia The music includes classical music, jazz and many other genres of popular music.

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Kylie Ann Minogue was born in Melbourne Australia is an Australian pop singer, songwriter and actress. Kylie had a great impact in the country especially in music, since it was the first Australian to win one Hollywood actress and bursting the American music scene with their music.

Born in Whangarei (New Zealand) but was raised in Australia. He is a musician, singer and songwriter, the kind of music he plays is contemporary country music, with touches of pop and rock music, but without leaving behind the traditional instruments of their country as the Didgeridoo. The singer won a Grammy Award in 2005 with his song You'll Think of Me.

Daniel Merriweather: Daniel Paul Merriweather born in Melbourne, Australia. Is a singer and composer of R&B songs During his beginnings were not great commercial impact, however in Australia got sound on discs, clubs and social circles.

Australian Politics

Parliament House in Canberra

The Commonwealth of Australia is a constitutional monarchy and has a parliamentary system of government. Queen Isabel II is currently the head of the Australian state and uses the formal title of Queen of Australia, fulfilling a different role to that exercised in other Commonwealth realms. She is nominally represented by the Governor General at the federal level and by the governor of each state.

There are three branches in the government of Australia:

1. Legislative branch: Parliament of Australia, including the Queen, the Senate and House of Representatives. The Queen is represented by the Governor General, who in practice exerts constitutional power only with the approval of the Prime Minister.

2. Executive: the (Governor General in accordance with Executive Directors) Federal Executive Council. In practice, the councilors are the Prime Minister and Ministers of State.

3. Judiciary: Supreme Court of Australia and other federal courts. The state courts are formally independence from the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council when the Australia Act was passed in 1986.

AUSTRALIAN FOOD

The food of Indigenous Australians was strongly influenced by the area in which they lived. Most tribal groups subsisted on a simple hunter-gatherer diet, hunting native animals and fish and collecting native plants and fruit. The general term for flora and fauna used as a source of native foods of Australia's bush tucker.

The first settlers introduced British food to the continent, and much of which is now considered the typical food of Australia, the Sunday roast has become a long tradition for many Australians. Since the beginning of the 20th century, food in Australia has increasingly been influenced by immigrants to the nation, particularly from cultures came

Australian Sport

Sport, backed by a climate that favors outdoor activities, plays an important role in Australian culture. 23.5% of Australians over the age of 15 regularly participate in organized sports activities. Internationally, Australia has important teams in cricket, hockey, netball, Rugby League, Ultimate Frisbee and rugby union, and also excels in cycling, rowing and swimming. Nationally, other popular sports include Australian rules football, horse racing, football and motorsport.

Other international events that take place in this country often include the Formula 1 race known as the Grand Prix of Australia , Rally Australia scoring for the World Rally Championship cricket competitions or internationally. In tennis Australians are known for their serve and volley game and enjoy quality players Lleyton Hewitt, Samantha Stosur, Alicia Molik or among others, also celebrate the Australia Open in Melbourne, one of the four tennis tournaments Grand Slam .

MYTHOLOGY

Dreams time also called Altjeringa: Is the time in which the world was created,is an eternal present in which you can reach through a ritual.Mythological stories tell of ancestors who did things for the first time,now,the things are just copies of them

Goannas'dream: the story tells how all the animals decided to marry each other. The goannas were vegetarian,but one day began to eat meat from own cubs,it made them lazyand dishonest. One year there was drought and goannas he had a secret source of water that would not share with any animal,the boss's wife discovered the secret source and using the forest were separated from goannas for ever.

Lumanuma's died: he was a whale that came out of the sea in the form of man,but he was gluttonous and abused its function when the food looked delicius declared prohibited and could only eat. Lumaluma keeps doing this until it started eating the dead children,one day the people took their spears and killed him with his two wives.

Kunapipi: is the great mother of the territory of Arhem Land oriental,she created the earth and populated with many children, especially animals and plants.

TRADITIONS

April 25,Anzac day: is celebrated to commemorate the Battle of Gallipoli,in which tens of thousands of soldiers from ANZAC and the UK lost their lives in World War II

Christmas in Australia: is celebrated in summer:

Australia day ( January 26) : held by the arrival of Arthur Phillip with 11 ships of the First Fleet to Sydney in 1788. In the largest city, the date is celebrated with a parade of boats next to Sydney Harbour Bridge and the end of the day, meet the best boats desfile. The night ends with everyone singing Advance Australia Fair in front illuminated and imposing Australian flag flying in that bay.