Tr presidency
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Quiz Ch 17 S1
1. Journalists who expose corruption M2. Allows voters to remove elected official R3. Added to the Constitution that gave women the right to
vote4. Settlement house H H5. Allows citizens to vote on an existing laws R6. Term for right to vote S7. Banning of sale and make of alcohol P8. Allows citizens to propose new laws I9. Added to the Constitution that gave voters power to
elect senators10. Helped legislative prohibit child labor F K
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Chapter 17 S 1
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Progressivism- to correct injustices in
American life
• three areas of reform: – Protecting
social welfare– Promote moral
improvement– Create
economic reform
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Hull House – a settlement house set up by Jane Addams (community center in slum neighborhoods, provides assistance, especially immigrants)
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YMCA• Young Men's Christian
Association• To help young adult use time wisely • Offered libraries, classes, sports
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Ida Tarbell
• Exposed the corrupt Standard Oil Company and its owner, John D. Rockefeller
• Appealed to middle class scared by large business power
Muckrakers• Journalists exposes corruption
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NAACP• National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
• activists to fight for the rights of African Americans
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Florence Kelley• helped push legislature to prohibit child labor
and to limit women’s working hours.
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Prohibition• called for a ban on making, selling, and
distributing alcoholic beverages.
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• Progressives wanted fairer elections and to make politicians more accountable to voters.
– direct primary, an election in which voters choose candidates to run in a general election
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Initiative
allows citizens to propose new laws
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Referendum
allows citizens to vote on a proposed or existing law
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Recall
allows voters to remove an elected official from office
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Seventeenth Amendment
• Voters has the power to elect their U.S. senators.
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Susan B. Anthony• Helped passed the 19th amendment
– Gave women the right to vote• Suffrage
– Right to vote
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William McKinley
• 25th President- 1900
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• President William McKinley was shot and killed in 1901,
• Roosevelt’s rise to governor of New York upset the Republican political machine.
• To get rid of the progressive Roosevelt, party bosses got him elected as vice president, a position with little power at that time.
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Theodore Roosevelt
• 26th President
• At 42 years old he was the youngest president and an avid reformer.
• Roosevelt saw the presidency as a bully pulpit, or a platform to publicize important issues and seek
support for his policies on reform.
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Roosevelt’s Upbringing• Theodore Roosevelt was a sickly, shy youth whom doctors forbade to play
sports or do strenuous activities.
• In his teenage years, Roosevelt reinvented himself, taking up sports and becoming vigorous, outgoing, and optimistic.
• Roosevelt came from a prominent New York family and attended Harvard University, but he grew to love the outdoors.
• He spent time in northern Maine and in the rugged Badlands of North Dakota, riding horses and hunting buffalo.
• In 1884, when Roosevelt was 26, both his mother and his young wife died unexpectedly.
• Trying to forget his grief, he returned to his ranch in Dakota Territory, where he lived and worked with cowboys.
• He returned to New York after two years and entered politics.
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The Square Deal(Election 1904)
• campaign slogan and the framework for his entire presidency.
• Fair bargain
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The Coal Strike of 1902• coal miners went on strike
for higher wages, shorter hours
• cities depended coal for heating.
• Roosevelt threatened to take over the mines
• first time federal government intervened to protect interests of the public.
• Owners give in.
• Roosevelt pronounced the compromise a “square deal.”
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Regulating the Railroads
The Elkins Act
• Prohibited railroads from accepting rebates (discounts for large shipping rates)
The Hepburn Act
• set maximum railroad rates
• ICC- regulate railroads.
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“Trust buster”– Roosevelt used
Sherman Antitrust Act- made monopoly illegal
• Order companies to be broken up
• “bust or break up other trusts”
• Sued 44 companies, including Standard Oil
Trust- company that has a monopoly
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Meat Inspection Act
• The novelist Upton Sinclair exposed unsanitary conditions at meatpacking plants in his novel The Jungle.
required federal government inspection of meat shipped across state lines.
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Food
• Food producers used clever tricks to pass off tainted foods:
• Dairies churned fresh milk into spoiled butter.
• Poultry sellers added formaldehyde, which is used to embalm dead bodies, to old eggs to hide their smell.
Drugs
• Some sold medicines that didn’t work.
• Some marketed nonprescription medicines containing narcotics.
• Dr. James’ Soothing Syrup, intended to soothe babies’ teething pain, contained heroin.
• Gowan’s Pneumonia Cure contained the addictive painkiller morphine.
outlawed food and drugs containing harmful ingredients, and required that containers carry ingredient labels.
Pure Food and Drug Act
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Forest Homestead Act
• natural resources were limited and that government should regulate resources
• created irrigation projects to make dry lands productive.
• Set aside 148 million acres of forest reserves
• 1.5 million acres for water power sites
• 80 million acres for minerals and water resources
• 50 wildlife sanctuaries and national parks.
Conservation- wilderness area to be preserve
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The Main IdeaProgressive reforms continued during the Taft and Wilson presidencies,
focusing on business, banking, and women’s suffrage.
Reading Focus
• How did Taft’s approach to progressivism split the Republican Party?
• What was Wilson’s New Freedom reform plan?
• How did women gain the right to vote in national elections?
• How did progressivism affect African Americans?
Taft and Wilson
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Quiz Ch 17 S3
1. Who was the 26th president2. Prohibit railroads from giving rebates E A3. Policy pass to make companies properly label product
PFDA 4. journalist who exposed unsanitary condition on meat
companies U S5. Policy that set aside national parks to conserve and
preserve F H A6. 26th president’s campaign of “fair bargain” S D7. 25th president8. Set maximum railroad rate H A9. Nickname of 26th president for breaking companies
apart10. policy to regulate railroads
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Election 1908
• Theodore decided not to run for the 3rd time.
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William Howard Taft
• 27th President
• Received little credit for his accomplishment
– Roosevelt busted 44 trust in 71/2 year
– Taft busted 90 in 4 years
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Conservation Controversy• set aside more national park
than Roosevelt
– 1910 Sec of Interior- Richard Ballinger
• Sold to businesses millions of rich coal land
– to bankers including JP Morgan (symbol of money)
– Gifford Pinchot- chief of Forest Service
• Accused Ballinger trying to enrich corporations
• Taft fired Pinchot for the attack on his administration
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Election of 1912• Theodore Roosevelt
– Bull Moose Party (Progressive)
– “New Nationalism”• preserve competition
but regulate monopolies
• Taft -Republicans (split)
• Woodrow Wilson (Dem)
– “New Freedom”• stronger antitrust,
banking reform,
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Candidates - 1912 Presidential Election
Theodore Roosevelt
William Howard Taft
Woodrow Wilson
Progressive Party (Bull Moose Party)
Republican Party Democratic Party
+ =
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An Actual 1912 BallotAn Actual 1912 Ballot
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* Woodrow Wilson won the election.
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Woodrow Wilson
• 28th President
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Clayton Antitrust Act
• Corporation could no longer acquire stock of another corporation
• Recognize right of workers to strike and picket
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• Federal Trade Commission
– Stopped businesses from using unfair business practices
– Investigate corporations
– Promote consumer protection
– handed down 400 cease and desist corporation
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16th Amendment • graduated income tax• Larger income were
taxed higher than smaller incomes
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Federal Reserve Act
• system that control flow of money
• Divide nation into 12 federal districts (banks)
• Can transfer funds to other banks saving them from closing
• centralized banking system
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Civil Rights
• Oppose antilynching legislation
• Felt it should be under state jurisdiction not federal
• Resume practice of segregation in the white house
• Felt segregation is “just” (fair)