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Institute of Technology of Cambodia I3GRU-B-Gr.1

Lecturer: CHEA Ratha

ContentsContentsContentsContents

SIEVE ANALYSIS ................................................................................................................................. 2

I. Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 2

II. Method and Equipment ................................................................................................................... 2

1. Method in Sieve Analysis ............................................................................................................ 2

2. Equipment ................................................................................................................................... 2

3. Data table of Soil ......................................................................................................................... 3

4. Formula for calculating the percent of retaining and passing ......................................................... 4

HYDROMETER ANALYSIS ................................................................................................................. 8

I. Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 8

II. Method and Equipment ................................................................................................................... 8

1. Method ........................................................................................................................................ 8

2. Equipment ................................................................................................................................... 8

3. Data table of Soil ....................................................................................................................... 10

4. Formula for calculating .............................................................................................................. 11

CONCLUSION: .................................................................................................................................... 14



TP: GRAIN SIZE ANALYSIS

(Sieve and Hydrometer Analysis)

SIEVE ANALYSIS

I. Introduction We test on this method to know about the different grain sizes of soil for distribution kind

of soil such as coarser and finer particles. It’s very important for applying to agriculture and construction.

II. Method and Equipment

1. Method in Sieve Analysis -Place sample to dry in temperature 105oC during 24h (Le fourneau).

-Then, take it from there to break for distribution kind of soil particles.

-We get it’s mass for 1kg and put it to clean set of sieve and place the cap over set.

-In moment, we shake it in 15mn by Sieve Shaker.

-After, we find the weight of soil retained with sieve for determine the percent of passing and retaining

2. Equipment

Balance Set of Sieve 0.075mm to 25mm



Sieve Shaker Le fourneau

3. Data table of Soil Date Tested : Thursday 25,2013

Tested by : I3B-GRU Group1

Sample name : Prey Moul H1

Mass of soil : 1000g

Sieve

Diameter (mm)

Mass of Empty

Sieve (g)

Mass of Sieve+Soil

Retained (g)

Soil Retained (g)

Cumulated retained (g)

25 565.5 565.5 0 0.0 19 575.5 575.5 0 0.0

12.5 569.3 575.2 5.9 5.9 95 549.9 566.5 16.6 22.5 6.3 610.8 660.5 49.7 72.2 4.75 574.6 605.6 31 103.2 2.36 540.6 601.2 60.6 163.8

2 537.7 553.4 15.7 179.5 1.7 505.7 523.1 17.4 196.9 1.18 505 550.9 45.9 242.8 0.6 472.4 561.1 88.7 331.5

0.425 448.8 500.4 51.6 383.1 0.2 423.9 581.2 157.3 540.4

0.125 412.8 609.9 197.1 737.5 0.075 408.5 550.2 141.7 879.2

… 418.5 538.4 119.9 999.1 Total Weight= 999.1



4. Formula for calculating the percent of retaining and passing

Percent of retaining :

%�� = �� × 100��

Percent of passing:

%�� = 100 − % ��

Sieve Diameter (mm)

Mass of Empty

Sieve (g)

Mass of Sieve+Soil Retained

(g)

Soil Retained

(g)

Cumulated retained

(g)

Cumulated Retained

(%)

Cumulated Passing

(%)

25 565.5 565.5 0 0.0 0.00 100.00 19 575.5 575.5 0 0.0 0.00 100.00

12.5 569.3 575.2 5.9 5.9 0.59 99.41 9.5 549.9 566.5 16.6 22.5 2.25 97.75 6.3 610.8 660.5 49.7 72.2 7.22 92.78 4.75 574.6 605.6 31 103.2 10.32 89.68 2.36 540.6 601.2 60.6 163.8 16.38 83.62

2 537.7 553.4 15.7 179.5 17.95 82.05 1.7 505.7 523.1 17.4 196.9 19.69 80.31 1.18 505 550.9 45.9 242.8 24.28 75.72 0.6 472.4 561.1 88.7 331.5 33.15 66.85

0.425 448.8 500.4 51.6 383.1 38.31 61.69 0.2 423.9 581.2 157.3 540.4 54.04 45.96

0.125 412.8 609.9 197.1 737.5 73.75 26.25 0.075 408.5 550.2 141.7 879.2 87.92 12.08

… 418.5 538.4 119.9 999.1 99.91 0.09 Total Weight=

999.1



0

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100

0.01 0.1 1 10 100

Pe

rce

nt

of

reta

inin

g

grain size (mm)

0

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40

50

60

70

80

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100

0.01 0.1 1 10 100

Pe

rce

nt

of

pa

ssin

g

grain size (mm)

Curve of percent retained

Curve of percent passed



From Grain Size Distribution Curve:

%Gravel = 18% D10 = 0.075mm

%Sand = 72% D30 = 0.15mm

%Fines = 0% D60 = 0.4mm

Compute Cc and Cu for the soil

• Cu = �� =

�.��.�� = 5.33

• Cc=��

�� =��

�.��.�� = 0.75

According to the result of Cu ,Cu > 2 , thus it is gab graded ( Different grand sizes )



According to Textural Triangle, we use only fines grain such as Clay Silt and Sand.

Therefore, %Fines = 100-18= 82%

%Sand = 72*100/82 ≈ 88%

Finally, we know that our sample is contents by Sand and Gravel mostly Sand (88%).



HYDROMETER ANALYSIS

I. Introduction We test on this method to know about the different grain sizes of soil for distribution kind

of soil such as coarser and finer particles. It’s very important for applying to agriculture and construction.

II. Method and Equipment

1. Method -Take a part of soil from pan 50g -Add 5g of Sodium hexametaphoshate with water 125mL and stir it to become a solution -Add the 50g sample to that solution for 10mn -Stir for 2mn in Mixer -Transfer the soil suspension to a sedimentation and add water up to the mark -Cover the open end of the cylinder with a stopper and secure it with the palm of your hand -Turn the cylinder upside down and back upright for 30times -Remove the cylinder to test basin -Put hydrometer into the cylinder and wait until its stable -Start stopwatch immediately and mark note about temperature and the Actual hydro Rdg. Ra

- Take hydrometer reading after elapsed time of 2 and 5, 8, 15, 30, 60, minute and 24h

2. Equipment

Mixer Hydrometer



Control cylinder Beaker

Timing device Thermometer



3. Data table of Soil

Hydrometer Analysis

Date Tested : 07,05,2013

Tested by : I3B-GRU Group1

Sample name : Prey Moul H1

Mass of soil : 50g

Specific Gravity of Soils : 2.65

Zero Correction : +6

Meniscus Correction : +1

Date Time Elapsed

Time (min)

Temp. (oC)

Actual Hydro. Rdg. Ra

07-05-13 01:50PM 0 30 38 1 30 37 2 30 36 5 30 34 8 30 31 15 30 29 30 30 29 60 30 28 120 30 27

08-05-13 01:50PM 24h 30 27



4. Formula for calculating 1. Apply meniscus correction to the actual hydrometer reading. 2. From Table 1,obtain the effective hydrometer depth L in cm(for meniscus corrected

reading) 3. Obtain the value of K from Table 2 for Gs=2.65

4. Calculate the equivalent particle diameter by using the following formula: D=K"#$

Where t is in minutes, and D is given in mm. 5. Determine the temperature correction CT from Table 3. 6. Determine correction factor”a”from Table 4 using Gs. 7. Calculate corrected hydrometer reading as follows: Rc=RACTUAL-Zero correction+CT

8. Calculate percent finer as follows:

P=%& ×'

() × 100

Where Ws is the weight of the soil sample in grams. 9. Calculate percent fines as follows:

PA=*×+,��

��

F200= % finer of #200 sieve as a percent



Therefore,

Date Time Elapsed Time (min)

Temp. (oC)

Actual Hydro. Rdg. Ra

Hyd. Corr. for

Menicus

L from Table

1

K from Table 2

D mm

CT

from Table

3

a from Table

4

Corr. Hydr. Rdg. Rc

% Finer

P

% Adjusted

Finer PA

07/05/13 01:50PM 0 30 38 39 10.1 0.01217 0.00000 +3.8 1 35.8 71.6 8.65 1 30 37 38 10.2 0.01217 0.03887 +3.8 1 34.8 69.6 8.41 2 30 36 37 10.4 0.01217 0.02775 +3.8 1 33.8 67.6 8.17 5 30 34 35 10.7 0.01217 0.01780 +3.8 1 31.8 63.6 7.68 8 30 31 32 11.2 0.01217 0.01440 +3.8 1 28.8 57.6 6.96 15 30 29 30 11.5 0.01217 0.01066 +3.8 1 26.8 53.6 6.47 30 30 29 30 11.5 0.01217 0.00753 +3.8 1 26.8 53.6 6.47 60 30 28 29 11.7 0.01217 0.00537 +3.8 1 25.8 51.6 6.23 120 30 27 28 11.9 0.01217 0.00383 +3.8 1 24.8 49.6 5.99

08/05/13 01:50PM 24h 30 27 28 11.9 0.01217 0.00110 +3.8 1 24.8 49.6 5.99



Curve of Hydrometer Testing:

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50.00

60.00

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80.00

90.00

100.00

0.00100 0.01000 0.10000

Pe

rce

nt

Fin

er

(%)

Grain Size(mm)



0

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0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000

Pe

rce

nt

fin

er

(%)

Grain Size (mm)

Curve of Sieve and Hydrometer Analysis:

CONCLUSION: According Sieve and Hydrometer test, we noticed that:

• Sieve Analysis refers to the distribution of coarser grain sizes. • Hydrometer Analysis refers to the distribution of finer grain sizes that retained on the pan

such as clay and silt. • We also know about the equipment and how to test clearly related to these two tests. • We also have some problems:

- There are no enough equipment for testing. - Temperature also effect on our testing. - We cannot have enough advices.

But, we still know well about these two testing instead of learning about only the lessons.

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