Toyama City s Policy Toward a Compact City · Toyama City proposes some countermeasures against...

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1 0704-01 ~ the role it should take to implement sustainable city management in an eco- friendly context at a time of dwindling population Toshiro KONO Director for Urban Transport Project Office, Urban Transport Facilities Division, City Bureau, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport, and Tourism (MLIT) of Japan Toyama Citys Policy Toward a Compact City

Transcript of Toyama City s Policy Toward a Compact City · Toyama City proposes some countermeasures against...

Page 1: Toyama City s Policy Toward a Compact City · Toyama City proposes some countermeasures against these problems. 1.Creation of a Compact City through the Renovation of Public Transport

1

0704-01

~ the role it should take to implement sustainable city management in an eco- friendly context at a time of dwindling population ~

Toshiro KONO Director for Urban Transport Project Office,

Urban Transport Facilities Division,

City Bureau,

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport, and

Tourism (MLIT) of Japan

Toyama City’s Policy Toward a Compact City

Page 2: Toyama City s Policy Toward a Compact City · Toyama City proposes some countermeasures against these problems. 1.Creation of a Compact City through the Renovation of Public Transport

BRT (Guideway Bus) (Shidami) AGT (Nippori-Toneri) Monorail (Tama)

LRT (Hiroshima)

Urban Transportation System in Japan

2 LRT (Toyama)

Traffic Node

Page 3: Toyama City s Policy Toward a Compact City · Toyama City proposes some countermeasures against these problems. 1.Creation of a Compact City through the Renovation of Public Transport

・ Cities, towns, and villages were merged in April 1, 2005.

・ Population: About 40% of Toyama Pref. (421,953) *National Population Census in 2010

・ Area: About 30% of Toyama Pref. (1,241.85 km2)

・Diverse geography - from sea level (0m) to 2,986 m at mountain top (Mt. Suisho)

・The general account budget of 157.3 billion yen in the fiscal year 2012

■Japan

1. The outline of Toyama City

■Toyama Prefecture

Toyama

City

The best spot to view the Tateyama mountain range

Bird’s eye view of Toyama City 3

Page 4: Toyama City s Policy Toward a Compact City · Toyama City proposes some countermeasures against these problems. 1.Creation of a Compact City through the Renovation of Public Transport

54.3 54.2 50.7 40.4

26.4

59.9

40.3 40.8 42.5 47.2

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

DID population Size of densely inhabited area

(Size: k㎡) (Population Density: persons/ha)

Urban Area of Low-density

Urban Character of Toyama City

●Expansion of Urban Area and Change of Population Density of Toyama City

Source: National Population Census

ー Urban area becomes less dense

Flat ground of the Toyama Plain

Higher rate of the road maintenance and

improvement 74.6% of the road maintenance and

improvement rate of Toyama is No. 1 in Japan (Source: Annual Report of Road Statistics: as of April 1,

2011)

Highly single-family housing oriented Homeownership rate in Toyama: 77.5%

No. 2 in Japan (Akita: 78.4%) Statistical Research of Houses and Ground in 2008)

Low land price in suburban areas

In the past 35 years the DID area became doubled, and the DID population density decreased to 2/3.

Due to the extension of the urban area, the population density of the urban area is the lowest in Japan as a

prefectural capita (40.3 persons/ha),

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Page 5: Toyama City s Policy Toward a Compact City · Toyama City proposes some countermeasures against these problems. 1.Creation of a Compact City through the Renovation of Public Transport

Toyama City proposes some countermeasures against these problems.

1.Creation of a Compact City through the Renovation of Public Transport

・Revitalizing public transport、

・Concentrating city amenities in the city center or areas along public transport lines

・Revitalizing the city center ・Concentrating the city amenities within walking distance

・Amassing social capital

2.Creation of an Attractive and High Quality City Life

3.Promotion of Local Industry ・Making the most of the local pharmaceutical industry

・Tapping recyclable sources of energy ・Inviting companies into Toyama

A sustainable city should attract people, making it a vibrant city.

2. Toyama City Management -A Unique Compact City Strategy

②Too much dependence on automobiles and declining public transport

④Higher administrative cost

⑤Increasing carbon dioxide emissions

<Some problems confronting Toyama City> ①Dwindling population and an aging society

③Unattractive city with a hollowing city center

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Page 6: Toyama City s Policy Toward a Compact City · Toyama City proposes some countermeasures against these problems. 1.Creation of a Compact City through the Renovation of Public Transport

<Three pillars toward the goal>

By revitalizing public transport such as railway track lines, and by concentrating

various city functions such as residential, commercial, business and cultural

buildings along the lines, we can achieve the goal of creating a compact city.

①Revitalizing public transport

② Encouraging citizens to relocate

to areas along public transport lines

③Revitalizing the city center

The Basic Policy for the Creation of a Compact City

<An illustration of the concept >

Targeted city structure of the dumplings and

the skewer penetrating them.

The skewer :

The public transport above a certain level

The dumpling :

Areas where people can have access to various

city amenities on foot.

Each of the dumplings is connected by the

skewer or public transport.

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Page 7: Toyama City s Policy Toward a Compact City · Toyama City proposes some countermeasures against these problems. 1.Creation of a Compact City through the Renovation of Public Transport

By forming the LRT network, we aim to modify the current life style of too much dependence

on automobiles and realize a town with every city amenity within walking distance.

3.① Revitalizing Public Transport - Formation of LRT network -

Toyama LRT (Apr. 2006) City Tram Loop Line (Dec. 2009)

The Image of Tram going under the elevated

Toyama Station

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Page 8: Toyama City s Policy Toward a Compact City · Toyama City proposes some countermeasures against these problems. 1.Creation of a Compact City through the Renovation of Public Transport

・Former JR Toyama Port line

■Outline

JR Toyama Port line (a local line), which had been suffering from a constant

decline in the number of passengers, was revitalized as the nation's first full-

fledged LRT. This was achieved by adopting a two-tiered concept in which the

public sector constructs the track while the private sector runs the business.

Revitalized as the

nation's first

full-fledged LRT

Inaugural Day: April 29th, 2006

Extended Distance: Approx. 7.6km

No. of Stations: 13

・Toyama LRT

Toyama LRT - Outline -

Iwasehama

Keirinjo-mae

Higasi-Iwase

Ohirota

Hasu-machi

Inujimashin-machi

Jogawara

Ecchunakajima

Awajima (Osakaya Shop- mae)

Shimookui

Okuda Chuggako-mae

Intec Honsha-mae

Toyama Station North

Partial closure of railway zone

Route relocation

Train car base and

main office

Legend

Closure of existing line

JR line

Toyama Chihou Tetsudo

Fujikoshil/Kamidaki line

Development of

traffic conjunction

spot

Establishment of new

station

Development of traffic

conjunction spot

Toyama port line (railway zone)

Toyama port line(streetrunning )

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Page 9: Toyama City s Policy Toward a Compact City · Toyama City proposes some countermeasures against these problems. 1.Creation of a Compact City through the Renovation of Public Transport

■Operation

■Vibration-dampened track

■Adoption of IC card pass

■Introduction of total design

Toyama LRT - Operation and Service -

■Low floor cars and barrier-free stations ■Light Rail attendants

*Fare is uniformly 200 yen.

Former service New Service

Operation interval

First / Last Train

No. of stations

Vehicles

30 to 60 min.

5-6 / 21-22:00

9

Railroad vehicles

15 min. (10 min. during rush

hour)

5-6 / 23-24:00

13

All super-low floor vehicles

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Page 10: Toyama City s Policy Toward a Compact City · Toyama City proposes some countermeasures against these problems. 1.Creation of a Compact City through the Renovation of Public Transport

■On weekdays there are 2.1 times as many passengers compared to before,

and on holidays there are 3.6 times as many passengers

using the new service.

■The number of senior citizens using the new service has increased.

(The change of their life style)

【Number of Passengers by Age (Weekday) 】 【Number of Passengers by Time Zone (Weekday) 】

Effect of Toyama LRT

357

189287

399

610

260164

520

280

673

814

1,210

925

566

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

10代 20代 30代 40代 50代 60代 70代~

(人)

H17(JR) H18(ポートラム)

451

54

1,178

570532

476

688

803

392

186217283

101117119155

771

163

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

~6時台 7~8時台

9~10時台

11~12時台

13~14時台

15~16時台

17~18時台

19~20時台

21時台~

(人)

H17(JR) H18(ポートラム) 2005(JR) 2006(Toyama LRT)

(Hr)

(Persons) (Persons)

(Age)

2005(JR) 2006(Toyama LRT)

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Page 11: Toyama City s Policy Toward a Compact City · Toyama City proposes some countermeasures against these problems. 1.Creation of a Compact City through the Renovation of Public Transport

Loop Line

The extension of the tram line contributed to

making the downtown area more appealing and

easier for people to move around.

・Adoption of the first two-tiered system in Japan.

・Route construction was integrated with the road

space and aimed at the creation of attractive

urban space.

■Outline

Inaugural Day: December 23rd, 2009

Extended Distance: Approx. 0.9km

(Loop Line approx. 3.4km)

No. of Stations: 3 new stations were added along

the extended route.

Vehicle: 3 new low-floor cars were adopted.

City Tram Loop Line Project

Loop Line

Project

The northern route and the

southern route will be

joined in the future.

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Page 12: Toyama City s Policy Toward a Compact City · Toyama City proposes some countermeasures against these problems. 1.Creation of a Compact City through the Renovation of Public Transport

Effect of City Tram Loop Line Project

・The average daily passengers are 2,236. People use this line more on the weekends/holidays

than on the weekdays.

・About half of the passengers use it for shopping, and sightseeing is also at a high rate.

・The project made the downtown more appealing and easier for people to move around.

・It contributed to the increase in the frequency of visiting the downtown and the length of stays.

・Visitors using the line spend more money than those coming by car, revitalizing the downtown .

【Frequency of Visiting the Downtown 】

increased :32% no change :68% 【weekday 】

increased :41% no change :59% 【holiday 】

【Purpose of Visit (increased) 】

12%

2%

10%

10%

22%

22%

2%

8%

2%

2%

60%

8%

4%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%

通勤

通学

買物

飲食

通院

観光

散歩等

業務

その他

主に増えた目的

ついでに増えた目的

休 日

(N=50)

20%

2%

2%

4%

6%

4%

8%

31%

16%

2%

10%

10%

55%

4%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%

通勤

通学

買物

飲食

通院

観光

散歩等

業務

その他

主に増えた目的

ついでに増えた目的

平 日

(N=51)

【Frequency of Visiting the Downtown and Amount of Consumption 】

Average Amount of Consumption (yen / day・ person)

Average Frequency of Shopping (times / month)

【Average Length of Stays for Shopping/Meal 】

【weekday 】 【holiday 】

shopping

meal

weekday holiday

car Loop Line car Loop Line

2010 2010 2011 2010 2010 2011

96min 80min 101min 113min 97min 145min

weekday holiday

car Loop Line car Loop Line

2010 2010 2011 2010 2010 2011

2.5times 5.6times 6.1times 1.8times 4.7times 6.4times

weekday holiday

car Loop Line car Loop Line

2010 2010 2011 2010 2010 2011

\11,489 \5,491 \12,533 \9,207 \11,811 \14,994

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Page 13: Toyama City s Policy Toward a Compact City · Toyama City proposes some countermeasures against these problems. 1.Creation of a Compact City through the Renovation of Public Transport

Outline Map of Improvement of Station Peripheral

Areas

In time with the completion of the elevation project of the existing railway lines schedule in

2016, we plan to connect the lines of the Toyama Light Rail and those of the city tram

located at the south of the station to establish the stops on the elevated center concourse.

Elevation of Railway Lines and Integration Plan of North and South Tram Lines

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Complete View of Station Square of Toyama Station South Exit

Toyama Bay Line

Mutual Operation of

Toyama Bay Line and

City Tram Line

Toyama Tram of Toyama

Chihou Tetsudo

Page 14: Toyama City s Policy Toward a Compact City · Toyama City proposes some countermeasures against these problems. 1.Creation of a Compact City through the Renovation of Public Transport

P&R駐車場

Improve

Restrooms

Fuchu Usaka

Station

Efforts for Revitalizing the JR Takayama main line

Socia

l Exp

erim

ent

(Phas

e 1

)

速星駅

越中八尾駅 東八尾駅

笹津駅

楡原駅

猪谷駅

千里駅

西富山駅

P&R駐車場、駐輪場、駅前広場整備、

フィーダーバス運行

P&R駐車場、駐輪場、トイレ整備

新駅設置(臨時駅)、

P&R駐車場整備

P&R駐車場、駅前広場整備

Train Wrap

Socia

l Exp

erim

ent

(Phas

e

1, P

has

e 2

)

Revi

taliz

atio

n O

pera

tion

<Increase of service frequency and establishment of new stations

– Efforts as a part of urban development> Toyama City promotes compact urban development of amenities concentrated by revitalizing public

transport.

→ Because revitalization of Takayama main line is essential for urban development of Toyama City as

the axis of north-south public transport, social experiments for revitalization were conducted mainly by

increasing service frequency.

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Improve Parking and

Restrooms

Build (temporary)

New Station, and

improve P&R Parking

Improve P&R

Parking and Station

Square

Improve P&R Parking,

Bicycle Parking, and

Restrooms

Improve P&R Parking,

Bicycle Parking ,

Station Square.

Operate Feeder

Buses P&R Parking

・Increase Service Frequency: Operation interval of about 30

minutes as target (Toyama City paid for increased operations)

・Build a New Station: new station “Fuchu Usaka Station” between

Nishi Toyama Station and Hayahosi Station

Number of Services of JR Takayama main line

Section Before Experiment

Phase 1

Phase 2

Toyama - Hayahosi 36 50 59

Toyama – Etchu Yatuso 34

Toyama - Inotani 21 33 24

Page 15: Toyama City s Policy Toward a Compact City · Toyama City proposes some countermeasures against these problems. 1.Creation of a Compact City through the Renovation of Public Transport

3.② Encouraging citizens to relocate to areas along public transport lines - Operation of Dwelling Promotion in the City Center -

To promote to dwell in the city center, Toyama City subsidizes builders who provide good

quality houses, and citizens who build/purchase a house or rent a house.

① Subsidize loan for purchasing a single-

family house, an apartment house, etc. 【[\500,000/house]

② Subsidize the house rent due to moving

to the urban area [\10,000/month (for 3

years)]

① Subsidize the construction cost of a multi-unit residential building

[ \1 million/building]

② Subsidize the construction cost of a high-quality apartment

building [\500,000/house]

③ Subsidize the cost for remaking an office/commercial building to a

residential complex [\1 million/building]

④ Subsidize the improvement cost for shops, medical/welfare

facilities to be established in a multi-unit residential building [\20,000/㎡]

⑤ Subsidize the improvement cost of disposer drainage system

[\50,000/house]

Support for Builders

Support for Citizens

Achievement

(July 2005 – Mar. 2012)

Total 492 cases 969 houses

Urban Area

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Toyama Chitetsu Honsen

Tohoku Expressway

JR

Ta

ka

ya

ma

Hon

se

n

Toyama Chitetsu

Fujikoshi-Kamitaki Line

Area to promote dwelling along public transportation

Map of the areas to promote

dwelling along public

transportation

Public Transportation Train/Tram Route Bus of higher service frequency

Page 16: Toyama City s Policy Toward a Compact City · Toyama City proposes some countermeasures against these problems. 1.Creation of a Compact City through the Renovation of Public Transport

3.③ Revitalizing the city center - Grand Plaza

・It is an all-weather multipurpose square which can attract a lot of people even when

it is cold and snowing outside.

・The square is glass roofed, equipped with a huge screen and an elevating stage.

・More than 100 events are held here annually. Project

Operator:

Toyama City

Construction

Period:

Mar., 2006 to

Aug., 2007

Outline of the

facility:

Size: approx.

1,400㎡

(65m x 21m)

Height to the

ceiling:

approx. 19m

Screen:

approx. 277

inches

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Page 17: Toyama City s Policy Toward a Compact City · Toyama City proposes some countermeasures against these problems. 1.Creation of a Compact City through the Renovation of Public Transport

・Anywhere between the city center and within

Toyama City

・Inside the city center area

・Anywhere between Toyama Municipal

Hospital and within Toyama City

Special Pass Project (since May, 2004)

■ How to use the pass:

■ Special Pass

For citizens over 65 years old

Price: \1,000

①Hours of usage: 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.

②Where to use the pass:

Within Toyama City, citizens over 65 years old receive a

special public transportation discount fare to any destination

from the city center.

(route bus , street car and railroad: \100)

About 30% of senior citizens have the special pass and

each day, on average, 2,370 people use it. Rout Map

Cecter Area

Special Pass (Card with an IC chip)

Senior Citizens’ Public Transportation Fare Discount

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Page 18: Toyama City s Policy Toward a Compact City · Toyama City proposes some countermeasures against these problems. 1.Creation of a Compact City through the Renovation of Public Transport

①Reducing CO2 Emissions

②Revitalizing the City Center and Making It

More Convenient to Move Around

■Project Purpose:

■No. of Bicycle Stations:

15 stations in the city center

City Tram

Loop Line

A new transportation option for citizens going to the downtown area,

without the reliance on cars

■No. of Bicycles: 150 bicycles in total

Aville – Bicycle Sharing System for Toyama Citizens

■Project Operator: Cyclocity Inc.

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Page 19: Toyama City s Policy Toward a Compact City · Toyama City proposes some countermeasures against these problems. 1.Creation of a Compact City through the Renovation of Public Transport

Area: approx. 0.4ha

Intended purposes:

business, service,

residence

Completed in April, 2012

Car Park

Capacity: 630 cars

Completed in April, 2005

Area: approx. 44,200㎡

Completed in

September, 2007

Area: approx. 0.4ha

Intended purposes: business,

service, residence, parking lot

Completed in February, 2010

City Tram Loop Line

Chuo Shopping Street

Sogawa Shopping Street

Chuo Shopping Street D

North Area Urban

Redevelopment Project

Association

Established in April, 2008

Area: approx. 0.7ha

Intended purposes:

service, public interest

Scheduled for

completion in 2014

Area: approx. 0.4ha

Intended purposes:

business, service,

residence

Scheduled for

completion in

September, 2012

4. Effects of the Compact City - Activated private investment -

Sogawa West Area

Urban Redevelopment

Project Association

Established in March,

2008

Area: approx.

1,400㎡

Completed in

September, 2007

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Page 20: Toyama City s Policy Toward a Compact City · Toyama City proposes some countermeasures against these problems. 1.Creation of a Compact City through the Renovation of Public Transport

■The number of pedestrians in the city center steadily increased, by 25.8%

over the 2006-2011 period.

■Vacant stores in the city center decreased by 2.3% over the 2009-2011 period.

4,247

3,377

20.9 20.5

18.6

10

15

20

25

H21.4 H23.1 H23.12

空き店舗率

(persons)

observation period

nu

mb

er o

f pe

de

stria

ns

Aug. 2011 Aug. 2006

5,000

【How the number of pedestrians shifted】

Grand Plaza’s opening(Sep. 2007)

25.8%

increase

【How the percentage of vacant stores changed 】

4,000

(%)

3,000

2,000

Effects of Compact City Policy

- The number of pedestrians and vacant stores in the city center

pe

rcen

tage

of v

aca

nt s

tore

s

Apr. 2009

observation period

Jan. 2011 Dec. 2011

2.3% decrease

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Page 21: Toyama City s Policy Toward a Compact City · Toyama City proposes some countermeasures against these problems. 1.Creation of a Compact City through the Renovation of Public Transport

▲ 43 ▲ 38

37

22

112

48

187

▲ 100

▲ 50

0

50

100

150

200

2005-2006 2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010 2010-2011 2011-2012

(number of people)

(year)

More people have moved into the city center than those who have moved out

since 2007, averaging 81 people a year for the past five years.

■ Shift in population (figures representing the number of people moving into the city center subtracted by those moving out)

【Shift in population (figures representing the number of people moving into the city center subtracted by those moving out)】

Effects of Compact City Policy - Increase in incoming population -

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Page 22: Toyama City s Policy Toward a Compact City · Toyama City proposes some countermeasures against these problems. 1.Creation of a Compact City through the Renovation of Public Transport

5. Key Points to Realize a Compact City

1.Examination of regional characteristics and problems confronting urban areas, including changes in social situations - Recognizing the decline as well as the aging of the population as an issue to address

- Taking advantage of the existing railroad network well established for a local city

2.Clarifying and sharing a common vision of the future - Taking regional issues and characteristics into account to clarify the vision of the future

relevant to the city

- Holding over 200 town meetings to share a common vision of the future with residents

and local corporations

- Having the idea of a compact city clearly stated in other projects promoting environment,

welfare, etc. to maintain the policy’s consistency and integrity

3.Comprehensive development of the policy and its speedy implementation - Comprehensive implementation of such projects as urban planning, welfare, education,

environment, culture, etc. based on the compact city policy

- In the case of Toyama Light Rail, it was inaugurated only three years after it was

discussed by recycling JR Toyama Port Line.

- Having active private investments induced by concentrated public investments

4.Measuring the effect of the compact city policy - Measuring the positive effect of policy implementations and publicizing it to give citizens

positive feedback

- Verifying the mid- to long-term relevance and effect of the compact city policy with the use

of GIS 22