Toxicology of Textile Dyes
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Transcript of Toxicology of Textile Dyes
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Dry processing mill
Woven fabric finishing mills.
mainly solid waste is
generated due to the rejects
of cotton
Through desizing, scouring,
bleaching,
mercerising, dyeing, printing,and packing
*C.O.D REDUCTION OF REACTIVE DYEING EFFLUENT
FROM COTTON TEXTILE INDUSTRY
B.V. Babu1*, H.T. Rana2, V. Rama !"#$na%, an& Ma$'#$ S$a!ma(
Dyeing is a combined process of bleaching and coloring, which generates
voluminous quantities of wastewaters and in turn causes environmental
degradation
These effluents consist of high TDS , BOD, OD, p!, olour, chloride, sulphate,
hardness and carcinogenic dye ingredients
!igh BOD in untreated wastewater can cause rapid depletion of dissolvedo"ygen if it is directly discharged into the surface water sources.
The high al#alinity and traces of chromium $employed in dyes% adversely affect
the aquatic life.
T&' T()& W* ST& +
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*n estimate shows that te"tiles account for - of (ndia/s industrial
production and around 01 of its e"port earnings.
(ndia is the second largest e"port of cotton yarn
2,222 garment manufacturers and 0022 bleaching and dyeing
industries in (ndia.
3a4ority are concentrated at &rode and Tirupur district of Tamil 5adu,
Surat in 6u4arat and )udiyana in 7un4ab.
*Recycling of Woven Fabric yeing Wastewater !racticed in !erundurai "ommon #ffluent Treatment !lant
$% Ramesh &umar, &% 'aravanan, R% 'hanmugam
T&' T() & (5 8ST9 (& S (5 (5 ( **
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absorb very strongly at wavelengths in the visible spectrum
are composed of polyaromatic compounds.
are resistant to biological degradation.
(#'
)+ acid dyes, )+ direct )substantive+ dyes,
)-+ azoic dyes, ).+ disperse dyes,)/+sulfur dyes, )0+ fiber reactive dyes,
)1+ basic dyes,)2+o3idation dyes,
)4+ mordant )chrome+ dyes, )5+ developed dyes,
)+ vat dyes, )+ pigments,
)-+ optical6fluorescent brighteners, and
).+ solvent dyes%
* Te3tile yes and yeing #7uipment 8 "lassification,!roperties, and #nvironmental 9spects '% :% &ulkarni, "% % ;lackwell, 9%
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TO'(O)O6:
O;
T& 'T()&
:&S+
*#nvironmental 9spects =f Te3tile yeing
E&")! +#- R C$!"#)"', Herriot-Watt University, UK
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What is 9cute To3icity>
'ingle or multiple e3posures in a short space of time )usually less than . hours+%
9cute To3icity of Te3tile yes
'kin ?rritation 'kin 'ensitisation
Reactive dyes can, however, cause problems in plant workers who manufacture the dyesand te3tile workers%
Fig8 $ono "hloro Triazinyl )$"T+
"ontin@@
ACUTE TOXICITY OF TEXTILE DYES
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&ffect of 9eactive Dyes
9eactive Dyes
A!uman Serum *lbumin
Dye > !S* con4ugate
yeBC'9 conjugate, which acts as an antigen% The antigen produces specificimmunoglobulin # )?g#+ and, through the release of chemicals such as histamine,
causes allergic reactions )Cunger, 55-D
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What is "hronic To3icity>
9 condition caused by repeated or longBterm e3posure to low doses of a to3ic substance
"hronic To3icity of Te3tile yes
Gon Henoto3icity Henoto3icity
To3icants must reach the G9 )which resides
in the nucleus of the cell+ in order for the
chemical to interact with the G9%
?t must possess the ability to interact
with the G9, usually by a chemical
reaction%
'o the to3icants must be able to transport
across the protective cell membranes%
Water solubility
+ The hydrophobic )fatty+ nature of the
cell membrane is impervious to the
hydrophilic waterBsoluble molecules%
-+ waterBsoluble molecules are generally
e3creted rapidly by a living organism%
Water ?nsolubility
ue to the insolubility , to3icants gets large size
particles E5% to - mm in the body which are not
transported across cell membranes%
Ee%g% !igments
$utagens
"arcinogens
Teratogens
hronic To"icity of Te"tile Dyes
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arcinogenic Dyes
9ctive species of most carcinogens, known as the ultimate carcinogen,
is an electrophile, #%
Gitrenium ion ER2N+carbonium ion ER-"A
"arcinogens attack a nucleophilic site in G9, which may be a carbon, nitrogen
or o3ygen atom, to form a covalent chemical bond
# A EG9 #IEG9#3amples
A &/'# , An)$!a0u"nn' &/'# , Ca)"n" &/'# , "3m'n)# ,A!ma)" am"n4 an& n")!4m5un , N")!#am"n'#, $/&!a"n'#
an& $/&!6/7am"n'#
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WaterBsoluble azo dyes most widely used by te3tile fabric ?ndustries
Water soluble azo dyes are produced the various metabolites %These metabolites onlyevelop the "arcinogenic #ffects%
;enzidine
$etabolites of ;enzidine
;ladder "ancer
;enzidine
A8O DYES
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9nthra7uinone dyes of the solvent or disperse class containing one or more primary
aminoB or methyl aminoBgroups tend to be mutagenic or carcinogenic%
isperse =range
isperse ;lue
isperse :iolet
*nthraquinone yes
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:& TO'( (T:
9(S?
*SS& SS3&5T
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S)'5# "n D/' T6"")/ R"#9 A##'##m'n)
!a@ard (dentification
&" po sur e * sse ssment
os eA9 es pon se *ssessme nt
9is # harac ter i@a tion
D:& TO'((T: 9(S? *SS&SS3&5T
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To "i cit y of t he *@o ye 3et hyl 9ed to
6uppy fi sh
$
7o ec il ia et icu lat a
7eters%
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(mpact of Te"tile Dye (ndustry &ffluent on the 5eurosecretory ells
in ;resh Water ;emale rab Spiralothelphusa hydrodroma $!erbst% +
The effluent was collected in sterile polythene containers and
stored at room temperature analyzed once in five days for about 0times in a month%
?n the e3perimental female crab S. hydrodroma that were e3posed to te3tile dye
industry effluent )T?#+ at a sub lethal concentration E9 concentration of chemical that
does not kill an organism%)04%00+ in two differente3posure periods showed morphological and histological changes in the brain,
thoracic ganglia and eyestalks%
The acute 40 h
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"ontin@@%
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(5 8S T9 (* ) &; ;)8 &5 T * 5 !&* )T!
ST* T8S
* *S& ST8 : O ; 5O: :*) 9( &9
B*S(5
+
The Cealth 'tatus of the villages around the G=((9< river assessed through three medical camps
octors participated in the medical camps were able to identify the symptoms of waterborne diseases%
Cealth problems such asskin allergy, Respiratory infections, general allergy, Hastriti
andLlcerwere scanning among the villagers who attended the medical camp%
?t was medically accepted that the polluted water had significant influence on these diseases%
?t was assessed that oneBfourth of the villagers has any one of the listed of diseases% $ost of the
identified patients accepted that they were using either the river water or well water or both for
washing purpose, cleaning the cattle or fishing in the tank etc%
9fter realizing the ill effects of the water they started avoiding the use of it%
*INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENT AND HEALTH STATUS A CASE STUDY OF NOYYAL RIVER BASIN
D!. . G
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Im5a) : T'6)"7' E::7u'n)# n F!'#$ ;a)'!
F"#$
Mastacembelus Armatus'% &9RTC?(9G*, $%M9$;L
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Bioche mic al 7 ar amet ers O f )i ver ;uncti on (n * rtisan s
Occupationally &"posed To Cat yesC+Lsing convenience sampling techni7ue, a cohort of dye workers )nJ1+ with a
minimum of one year and a ma3imum of 05 years duration of e3posure
)mean J1%5- K %4 years+ were recruited in this study%
7lasma separated from blood samples stored at A02.
&stimation of 7lasma albumin , Total Bilirubin were done.
*ctivity of *l#aline 7hosphatase , *lanine Transaminase , *spartateTransaminase were estimated.
*B"$'m"a7 a!am')'!# O: L"Va) D/'#
O7u?a)#"n O. S/"n9a ,F!an"# A .A&'n"/"
D'5). : C$'m"a7 5a)$73/ an& "mmun73/ ,Oba:'m" A?7? Un"
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!hysico I "hemical Treatment for Te3tile ye #ffluents
?n '?!"=T ?ndustries
#ffluent Treatment !lant E#T!
Filtration $ethods E$F,LF
Reverse =smosis !lant ER=
$ultiple B #ffect #vaporator !lant E$##!
'olar ;ed #vaporation
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#ffluent Treatment !lant E#T!
ye water Treatment Wash water Treatment
#ffluents contain very rich in ye and
'alt solution%
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;low diagram of & T7
"ollection Tank
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9eration Tank
!rimary "larifier
'econdary "larifier
ual $edia Filter E$F
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8l tra ; il tratio n < 8; =
LF system is made by hollow fiber type model membranes
This system is automatically working with the following pumps such as8
P Feed water !ump%P ;ack wash !ump%P "hemical osing !ump%P "leaning !ump
The LF system is reducing micron size suspended particles as well as bacteria and viruses%
The outlet of the LF water have the pC of 1%/B2%5
T' level is varied from -555 ppmB-/55 ppm
Finally the outlet treated water is passed to the R= feed tank%
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9&&9 S& OS3 OS(S 7)*5T
What is Reverse =smosis >Reverse osmosis is the process of forcing a solvent from a region
of high solute concentration through a membrane to a region of low solute
concentration by applying a Cigh pressure%
Ro !lant used to remove the high amount of T' %
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;lo w d iag ram of @e ro dis cha rge in te" til e dyei ng uni t u sin
ad vanced trea tment
Gote8
&
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( S8SS (O5
"an we "reate the Hreen #arth 9gain>
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