Town of Ithaca, New York Energy Action Plan: A Pathway to Reducing GHG Emissions 30% by 2020, Fall...

7/30/2019 Town of Ithaca, New York Energy Action Plan: A Pathway to Reducing GHG Emissions 30% by 2020, Fall 2011

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GOVERNMENT ENERGY ACTION PLAN 2011 A Pathway to Reducing GHG Emissions 30% by 2020

FALL2011 Town of Ithaca, NY


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LETTER FROM SUPERVISOR

I am pleased to present to ourcommunity the Town of Ithaca s first

Government Energy Action Plan, (EAP) which reflects and articulates a vision of energy smart, sustainable practices forour local government as we serve ourcitizens. Our commitment to reducingenergy demand, utilizing clean energysources, and saving taxpayer dollars willyield positive benefits in the near-term without compromising

the interests of future generations. The Town of Ithaca recently joined the County and the City in their long-standing formalcommitment to sustainability and climate action, setting thestage for the community to achieve significant reductions inenergy consumption and carbon emissions while improvingquality of life for all members of the community. While thisinitial plan takes aim at reducing emissions within governmentoperations, town government can only do a small part of what

is required to create a truly sustainable future. Ithaca isfortunate to have many businesses, institutions, communityorganizations, and individual residents who are demonstratingevery day that reducing energy consumption and using cleansources of energy is good for our families, good for business,and good for the future of the Town. Because we believe thateveryone must contribute and everyone must benefit, we inviteTown residents to engage in the next phase of this process to

set goals and create a Community Energy Action Plan.Achieving our goals will require an ongoing commitment tosustainability, demonstrated not only through public policy,but also through individual action. This plan contains specific,achievable recommendations aimed at reaching the targets wehave committed to. The actions recommended in the EAP arephased to limit expenditures in the short-term and rely to thedegree possible on grants, collaborations with othermunicipalities and community organizations, or existing staff resources. Furthermore, the mid-to-long-term initiatives canbe funded in part by the savings realized from the no-low-costshort-term actions. While some recommendations entail theexpenditure of public funds, the great majority would achievemeaningful long-term savings for our taxpayers thoughreduced public and private costs. The EAP should not beviewed as a rigid document, but rather as a framework forongoing discussion about how the Town of Ithaca can bestshape a bright future. I look forward to the implementation of this plan, the creation of the Community Energy Action Plan,and ensuring the Town of Ithaca s vibrancy and leadership

through the 21st century.

Sincerely,

Herb Engman

Town Supervisor


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EXECUTIVESUMMARY

The Town of Ithaca conducted a greenhouse gas (GHG) emissionsinventory of government operations using 2009 as the baseline year.During that year, the Town of Ithaca s government operations used46, 548 MMBTus of energy and emitted 3,928 tons of CO 2e at a costof $1,015,508. Figure 1 below illustrates the proportion of emissionsper sector, highlighting the areas that the Town should focus on toachieve deep reductions in GHG emissions reductions.

Following the completion and analysis of this inventory, the TownBoard committed the Town to the following reduction goals:

80% reduction in GHG emissions below 2009 levels by 2050

30% reduction in GHG emissions below 2009 levels by 2020

This plan outlines the actions needed to reach our interim target of a30% reduction in GHG emissions below 2009 levels by 2020, as wellas the implementation strategies that will support these efforts:

Water Treatment Energy Efficiency ImprovementsWater Conservation Practices

Wastewater Treatment Energy Efficiency Improvements

Fleet

Biodiesel (B20) as Fuel SourceLimit IdlingReduce MileageOptimize Fleet and Vehicle SizeVehicle Maintenance

Buildings and Facilities

Lights Out PolicyHVAC System UpgradesLighting RetrofitsEnergy Efficient Computer HardwareGreen Building Policy

StreetlightsStreetlight upgradesLED streetlights in municipal lightsRemove unused lights

Renewable Energy Purchase renewable energy creditsSolar Power Purchase Agreement

Figure 1: GHG Emissions by Sector


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INTRODUCTION ANDBACKGROUND

The Town of Ithaca boldly asserted its commitment to climateprotection and sustainability in April of 2009 as its Town Boardpassed a resolution to join the Climate Smart Communit iesinitiative, a partnership program between New York State and localmunicipalities (see Appendix F). In signing on to this partnership, theTown of Ithaca pledged to work toward lowering greenhouse gasesand saving taxpayer dollars through climate smart actions that alsopromote community health and safety, affordability, economicstrength, and quality of life.

In pursuit of these goals, the Town of Ithaca acquired funding to hirea half-time Sustainability Planner to carry out planning andimplementation objectives. In September 2010, the SustainabilityPlanner came on board, and shortly thereafter, the Town of Ithacabecame a member of ICLEI: Local Governments for Sustainability. Indoing so, the Town further solidified its commitment to reducegreenhouse gas emissions (GHG) at the local level and to enhancesustainability efforts. This plan marks the third milestone in a multi-step process to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the Town of

Ithaca through an Energy Action Planning process:

1. Conduct a Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory2. Establish a Reduction Target3. Develop an Action Plan4. Implement the Action Plan5. Monitor Progress and Report Results

In addition to the Town Board s leadership, this process has, from thebeginning, involved the Planning Board, the Conservation Board, andthe Comprehensive Plan Committee. Members of these groups havelent tremendous insight, expertise and perspective to the process,and have provided concrete feedback and recommendations thatcontinue to form the basis of the energy and greenhouse gasemissions reduction strategy. This Energy Action Plan details thepriorities identified by these boards and committees, and guides theTown as it works towards achieving its greenhouse gas emissionsreduction targets.

REDUCING OUR IMPACT: EMISSIONS GOALS FOR THE TOWN OFITHACA

The Government Operations GHG Inventory was initiated to assistthe Town in understanding the scope and nature of the challengeswe face in reducing our impacts. The findings of the inventory, whichare summarized in this plan, brought to light the biggest sources of greenhouse gas emissions within town buildings, fleet, and

infrastructure, allowing us to identify priorities and opportunities forreducing emissions and energy-related costs. This newfoundawareness of the Town s impact provided the basis for settingambitious, yet achievable greenhouse gas emissions reductiontargets. This data also provides the Town of Ithaca with a baselinefor comparing future performance and tracking progress of energyconservation initiatives and emission reduction strategies. The TownBoard carefully considered the actions and improvements already


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planned, weighed the impacts of proposed actions, and came toagreement on ambitious, yet achievable emissions reduction targets.Recognizing that all sectors of the community, especially the localgovernment, must accept responsibility for their share of reducing

the risks associated with climate change, the Town Board endorsedthe following GHG emissions reduction goals:

80% reduction below 2009 levels by 2050

30% reduction below 2009 levels by 2020

This action plan was developed around achieving the interim goal of reducing emissions 30% by 2020. It represents a first attempt atcodifying and quantifying the improvements, projects, and programs

that will be necessary to reach the Town s reduction targets. Whilethis plan does serve as a starting point for reducing emissions andenergy costs, it is essential to establish a regular and ongoingprocess of keeping the actions on track and benchmarking progresstoward the goal. The exact scope and nature of the actions mayevolve as unexpected challenges arise, new opportunities becomeavailable, technologies advance, and state and federal policieschange. This plan also serves to account for the big picture byaddressing climate change and energy consumption through a

systematic, integrated strategy. This approach helps the Town avoidthe random project portfolio, which can diminish the effectivenessof actions taken in a vacuum or without consideration for the overallstrategy and goal. In addition to the Government Energy Action

Plan, the Town is also leading the effort to create and implement aCommunity Energy Action Plan. Similarly, the update to the 1993Comprehensive Plan is for the first time featuring sustainability as anintegrating principle, and specifically guides the Town to reduce

energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions in municipaloperations.


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GHG EMISSIONSINVENTORYRESULTS

In April 2011, the Town of Ithaca completed an inventory to measuregreenhouse gas emissions for the baseline year of 2009. Detailedresults and analyses can be found in the Baseline 2009: GreenhouseGas Emissions Inventory Report Government, and also in AppendixA of this plan.

During 2009, the Town of Ithaca emitted approximately 3,928 tons of CO2e (carbon dioxide equivalent). 3,928 tons sounds like a lot, butwhat does that mean? The amount of greenhouse gas emissionsemitted by the Town of Ithaca in 2009 is equivalent to:


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PROPOSEDACTIONS: REDUCINGENERGYDEMAND& UTILIZINGRENEWABLES

This Plan proposes strategies based on promoting energy

conservation, increasing energy efficiency, reducing vehicle milestraveled, maximizing the effectiveness and efficiency of operations,and switching to renewable energy sources. While these strategiesare focused on reducing greenhouse gas emissions, they will haveadded benefits including reduced air pollution, savings on utility andfuel bills, reduced wear and tear on vehicles, conservation of naturalresources, and improved indoor air quality and human health. Therecommended actions detailed below can be characterized as eithershort- term, base action s or mid -long-term actions. This Plan also

includes an Implementation section, which details the available tools,resources, and people necessary to carry out the action.

The Short-term actions:

Reduce demand by improving efficiency Require a low to moderate investment Provide a quick return on investment Produce energy savings that can be reinvested into longer-

term projects Should be implemented in the next three years (2012-2014)

The Mid-Long-Term Portfolio actions are:

Supply-side actions made more cost-effective by initialinvestments in energy efficiency to reduce demand (e.g.Solar PV)

Improvements, projects, and technologies that will likely

evolve given the rapid development of technology,availability of funding, and support from local, state, andfederal programs

Actions requiring more technical assistance, and perhaps alarger capital investment

Implemented by 2020 to reduce demand

The Renewable Portfolio:

The utilization of renewable, non-GHG-producing energy could makea significant contribution to GHG reductions within the Town s government operations. With energy efficiency as the foundation in asuccession of efforts aimed at reducing energy consumption,lowering GHG emissions, and improving air quality, renewableenergy is a critical component of the town s overall energy strategy.Based on the Town of Ithaca's specific conditions, energyconsumption patterns, and greenhouse gas emissions reductiongoals, it is recommended that the Town prioritize solar PV(photovoltaic) over other renewable energy sources during the first

wave of implementation of the Energy Action Plan. Solar PV is themost appropriate renewable technology for the Town of Ithaca for anumber of reasons. More than 60% of the emissions produced fromgovernment operations are a result of electricity consumption, dueprimarily to lighting loads, water treatment and pumping loads, andsewer pumping. Other renewable technologies, such as biomass,geothermal, and solar thermal are best suited to replace natural gasconsumption, which amounts to a mere 11% of the Town's total


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emissions. Furthermore, the benefits and performance of solar PVsystems continue to outweigh the rest due to the high level of reliability and durability, consistent performance, attractive financingmechanisms, and minimal maintenance. Similarly, a solar PV system

should be designed to anticipate ancillary uses beyond electricity forthe building, such as powering electric vehicles that may becomepart of the Town s fleet mix in the future.

The proposed actions are addressed below by sector: watertreatment, wastewater treatment, buildings and facilities, vehiclefleet, and streetlights and traffic signals. Where applicable, projectedCO2e emissions reductions are included, along with how much theaction contributes to the overall reduction goal. Renewables are alsodiscussed in their own section.

WATER TREATMENT

Water Treatment

ACTION Tons CO2ereduced

% towardsgoal

Energy EfficiencyImprovements to WaterTreatment System

286 24.24%

Promote WaterConservation PracticesAmongst Residents

n/a n/a

TOTAL 286 24.24%

Water treatment and pumping account for the largest source of GHGemissions in the Town of Ithaca, and should therefore be the primaryfocus and priority of the Town s energy reduction strategy. Energyefficiency improvements to the water treatment system could include

but are not limited to:

Facilities upgrades (HVAC, lighting, building envelope, etc.) Pump, motor and drive upgrades or replacements Overall system improvements for greater efficiency and

operations

These energy improvements should be addressed through acomprehensive building performance contract, whereby an ESCO(Energy Services Company) studies and analyzes current conditions,builds an appropriate work scope, and implements the most cost-effective measures to achieve energy savings. Savings resulting fromthe energy improvements will then be used to pay for the work. 20%is a conservative estimate of total energy savings from such a project,a target well within reach given current conditions. When this Planwas adopted, the Town had undergone a preliminary energy auditwith Wendel Energy Services and was considering how to moveforward based on the initial report. The next step is to undergo acomprehensive energy study through the NYSERDA Flex-Tech

Program, which provides a 50% cost share for the project. The Towncan also reduce energy-related costs and the associated GHGemissions by facilitating water conservation practices amongstresidents. Some strategies for doing so include:

Adopting a 3- tier, pay-per- usage fee structure for watercustomers to incentivize water conservation. Currently, allcustomers pay a flat rate, regardless of usage.


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Adopt building ordinances requiring the use of low flowdevices in homes (shower heads, faucets, toilets, etc.)

Offer rain barrels at a reduced cost to Town residents Provide support for rain gardens and other stormwater

retention/water conservation practices through theDepartment of Public Works

WASTEWATER TREATMENT

Wastewater Treatment


% towards goal

Energy EfficiencyImprovements toWastewater TreatmentFacility

404 34%

Energy EfficiencyImprovements toWastewater Pumping

Stations

n/a n/a

TOTAL 404 34%

Starting in the Summer of 2011, the Ithaca Area WastewaterTreatment Facility began construction on a $9 million dollar energyperformance contract, which includes building envelopeimprovements, lighting upgrades, equipment replacement,renewable energy, and more. Over the term of the contract, the Town

is expected to save $4 million in energy-related costs. The annualsavings the Town of Ithaca can claim from this project isapproximately 10%. Although already on the books, the Town cancontinue to lend support and enthusiasm to the project, participating

in appropriate meetings and evaluating progress throughout. TheTown can extend energy efficiency beyond the wastewater treatmentfacility to include the pumps that make up the sewer infrastructure.The most streamlined approach is to include sewer pumps in theproposed water treatment system energy improvements.


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VEHICLE FLEET

Vehicle Fleet


% towards goal

Utilize Biodiesel (B20)as Fuel Source forVehicles

136 11.53%

Limit Idling of HeavyDuty Trucks

69 5.82%

Reduce Vehicle FleetMileage

3 0.24%

Limit Idling of allVehiclesOptimize Fleet andVehicle Size

n/a n/a

Maintain and RepairVehicles Regularly

n/a n/a

TOTAL 208 17.59%

As of 2011, the Tompkins County highway department uses B20 (20% biodiesel/80% diesel fuel mix) in its fleet. It is possible to expandthe contract to include additional municipalities, and therefore, theTown should waste no time in transitioning its vehicle fleet to B20 bypartnering with the Tompkins County highway department, an actionthat accounts for 1/3 of needed emissions reductions. While the costof B20 is slightly higher than conventional diesel, substantial savings

will occur with the implementation of the remaining actions(reducing idling, mileage, fleet size, etc.), which involve changes inoperation and behavior rather than financial investments. Thesuccess of the County s B20 trans ition is detailed in Appendix C.

Limiting idling of all vehicles but especially heavy duty vehicles,reducing unnecessary trips and drive time, optimizing fleet andvehicle size (i.e. right -sizing,) and practicing regular maintenanceand repair on all vehicles has few costs (financial or otherwise) andcarries many benefits:

Reduced GHG emissions in the vehicle fleet Enhanced air quality and pollution reduction Enhanced human health Increased longevity and durability of vehicles Enhanced worker productivity Reduced fuel costs Reduced maintenance/repair costs Greater overall operational efficiency

These actions can be organized into and implemented through acomprehensive Green Fleet Policy, which the Town should developand enact immediately. In addition to partnering with the TompkinsCounty Highway Department, the Town should strongly consider

convening a municipal fleet task force to explore opportunities forpartnering with other municipalities, especially the City of Ithaca andTompkins County, to reduce emissions in the vehicle fleet.


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BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES

The four municipal buildings under the Town s control Town Hall,Public Works office building, Public Works barn, and Public Works

salt shed represent a small portion of the GHG emissions reductionpotential. In the Spring of 2011, the Town Hall building underwent alighting retrofit and is now equipped with high efficiency lamps andballasts, expected to save the Town up to $2,000 annually onelectricity bills and contributing 0.5% towards the 30% GHGemissions reduction goal. In addition to this lighting retrofit, theTown of Ithaca can reduce lighting-related energy consumption byimplementing a lights out policy in all buildings. Simply put, a lightsout policy would require that:

All lights except EXIT signs are turned off at night and onweekends

All basement and hallway lighting are turned off whenspaces are not in use

Task lighting at individual desks and in offices will be turnedoff when employees are away from their desks for more than15 minutes

Phasing in the most energy efficiency computer hardware will also

contribute towards the achievement of the Town s GHG emissionsreduction target. All new computers, monitors, and printers shouldmeet Energy Star certification to achieve optimal energy efficiency.The Green Procurement Policy currently under development willreinforce this action by requiring that the Town purchase Energy Starcertified equipment and electronics. Improvements to the HVACsystem, including the boiler and the chiller, in Town Hall will result inmarginal GHG emissions reductions, but should be addressed

Buildings and FacilitiesACTION Tons CO2e

reduced% towardsgoal

Lights Out Policy(electricityconservation)

17 1.40%

Increase ChillerEfficiency

6 0.50%

Efficient LightingRetrofits 6 0.48%

Energy EfficientComputer Hardware(Computers, Printers,Monitors)

6 0.50%

Reflective Roofing 3 0.29%HVAC Fan Upgrades 3 0.23%Increase BoilerEfficiency

2 0.15%

Municipal GreenBuilding Policy

n/a n/a

TOTAL 43 3.55%


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systematically when the time comes to replace or repair the systemand individual pieces of equipment. Reflective roofing (i.e. whiteroofs) reflects more sunlight than dark ones do, turning less of thesun s energy into heat. Increasing the reflectance of a building can

reduce the temperature of buildings, and thus, the energy requiredto cool them. The incremental cost of installing a white or light-colored roof results in lower utility bills, and is generally recovered inone to six years. When replacing the roofs of any town-ownedbuildings, reflective roofs should be installed. Finally, the Townshould adopt a policy requiring that all new construction of municipal buildings and facilities meet strict green buildingrequirements, whether LEED or otherwise.

STREETLIGHTS AND TRAFFIC SIGNALS

Streetlights and Traffic Signals

ACTION TonsCO2ereduced

% towards goal

Replace streetlights withefficient lamps

27 2.32%

Evaluate lighting districtsand remove unnecessarylights

n/a n/a

Install LED lamps inTown-owned lights

n/a n/a

TOTAL 27 2.32%

As of this writing, it is not feasible for the Town to replace streetlightswith LED lamps due to the barriers from the utility and the extremecost to the Town associated with taking ownership and control of thestreetlights. Until LED streetlights become a viable option for the

Town, all mercury vapor lamps under the Town s control (which arethe least efficient) should be replaced with the more efficient highpressure sodium lamps. This process can be completed as old lampsburn out, or by 2020 to meet the 30% GHG emissions reductiontarget, whichever comes first. The Town can also take steps to reduceemissions associated with streetlighting by evaluating existinglighting districts and removing any unnecessary lights as well asinstalling LED lamps in Town-owned lights (i.e., parking lot).


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RENEWABLES

Renewables ACTION Tons

CO2ereduced

% towards goal

Purchase 10% of electricity fromRenewable EnergyCertificates (RECs)

207 17.57

Solar PowerPurchaseAgreement

n/a n/a

TOTAL 207 17.57

As the Town implements actions to reduce energy demand, improveenergy efficiency, and utilize renewable energy sources, major cuts inemissions can be achieved through the purchase of RenewableEnergy Credits or RECs. Until the Town is able to install renewableenergy systems of its own, RECs offset fossil fuel based electricityconsumption through clean, renewable energy. The purchase of RECssupports the development of new renewable energy generationcapacity nationwide, while significantly reducing the GHG emissionsassociated with the Town s electricity consumption. The Town shouldnot delay in purchasing RECs for 10% of its total electricityconsumption, however, treating this measure as a stepping stone tomore substantive and truly local renewable energy generation.

Based on the Town of I thaca's specific conditions, energyconsumption patterns, and greenhouse gas emissions reductiongoals, solar PV has emerged as the most appropriate renewabletechnology for the Town of Ithaca for a number of reasons. More

than 60% of the emissions produced by the Town s operations are aresult of electricity consumption, due primarily to lighting loads,water treatment and pumping loads, and sewer pumping. Otherrenewable technologies, such as biomass, geothermal, and solarthermal are best suited to replace natural gas consumption, whichamounts to a mere 11% of the Town's total emissions. Furthermore,the benefits and performance of solar PV systems continue tooutweigh the rest due to the high level of reliability and durability,consistent performance, attractive financing mechanisms, andminimal maintenance. It is recommended that the Town pursue aPower Purchase Agreement (PPA), an arrangement between a thirdparty company and a host customer, whereby the burden and riskassociated with solar power is separated from the advantages toprovide low-cost, reliable renewable energy to the host customer.Since the Town itself doesn't pay taxes, it cannot access a large part

of the financial incentive structure available (tax credits). A PPA is anarrangement whereby a third party company purchases and ownsthe system, and sells the energy it creates back to the town at a pricethat is lower than what the Town currently pays for electricity.Because the third party company can easily take advantage of allavailable incentives as a corporation, the Town has to come up withlittle to nothing up front and could still take advantage of the costand carbon savings of solar power. For a closer look at the relativecosts and benefits of multiple renewable energy sources, andresources on Power Purchase Agreements, see Appendix D.


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POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS

The Town can support the implementation of these actions byadopting focused policies to guide decision-making and achieve

desired outcomes. The development and adoption of the followingpolicies are encouraged to support the actions recommended in thisEnergy Action Plan:

Green Fleet PolicyGreen Procurement PolicyLights Out Conservation Policy

See Appendix E for sample policies and resources.

INTEGRATION WITH OTHER PLANS

This Energy Action Plan should be included in the Town sComprehensive Plan as an addendum. Additionally, the updatedComprehensive Plan includes, for the first time, a focus onsustainability, with a chapter devoted specifically to energy andclimate protection goals and objectives. Many of the actionsrecommended here are reinforced and expanded upon in the Energyand Climate Protection chapter of the Comprehensive Plan.

EXISTING ACTIONS

The Town of Ithaca has been implementing energy saving,sustainability actions long before commitments to greenhouse gasemissions reduction and climate protection were endorsed. AppendixB highlights a strong tradition of energy efficiency and conservationwithin Town operations, which represent a foundation to build uponas the recommendations detailed in this plan are implemented.


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IMPLEMENTATION

This section includes guidelines for the implementation of the actions recommended in this plan. Each action item is accompanied by a descriptionof where the responsibility for implementation lies, and the approximate timeframe in which the action should be completed.

Water Treatment

Action Item Description Principal Implementer(s) Timeframe

Energy Efficiency Improvements toWater Treatment System

Bolton Point Commission with leadership fromthe Town of Ithaca Commissioner and the Townof Ithaca Town Board

Mid-Term complete by 2017

Promote Water Conservation PracticesAmongst Residents

Conservation Board, Bolton Point Commission Short-Mid-Term 2012-2017


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Wastewater Treatment


Energy Efficiency Improvements toWastewater Treatment Facility

Town Board, Public Works Short-Term Constructionbegan 2011 and will finish in2012-2013

Energy Efficiency Improvements toWastewater Pumping Stations

Town Board, Public Works Short-Mid-Term 2012 - 2017


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Vehicle Fleet


Utilize Biodiesel (B20) as Fuel Source forVehicles

Public Works Mid-term by 2017

Limit Idling of Heavy Duty Trucks Public Works Short-term 2012 2014

Limit Idling of all Vehicles Public Works Short-term 2012 2014

Reduce Vehicle Fleet Mileage Public Works Short-Mid-term 2012 2017

Optimize Fleet and Vehicle Size Public Works Mid-Long-term 2015 2020

Maintain and Repair Vehicles Regularly Public Works Ongoing 2012 2020


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Buildings and Facilities


Lights Out Policy (electricityconservation)

Town Supervisor, All Town Staff Short-term 2012 2014

Increase Chiller Efficiency Public Works Mid term 2015 2017

Efficient Lighting Retrofits Public Works Completed Spring 2011

Energy Efficient Computer Hardware(Computers, Printers, Monitors)

IT Short-Mid-term 2012 2017

Reflective Roofing Public Works Short-term 2012 2014

HVAC Fan Upgrades Public Works Mid term 2015 2017

Increase Boiler Efficiency Public Works Mid term 2015 2017

Municipal Green Building Policy COC, Town Board Short-term 2012 2014


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Streetlights and Traffic Signals


Replace streetlights with efficient lamps Public Works Short-Long-term 2012 2020

Evaluate lighting districts and removeunnecessary lights

Public Works Short-Mid-term 2012 2017

Install LED lamps in Town-owned lights Public Works Mid-Long-term 2015 2020


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Renewables


Purchase 10% or more of electricityfrom Renewable Energy Credits (RECs)

Accounting Short-term 2012, ongoing

Solar Power Purchase Agreement Town Board, Accounting Mid-Long-term 2015 2020


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Employee CommuteEmployees at Town Hall, Public Works, and Bolton Point were surveyed in order to better understand commuting patterns, which the Town of

Ithaca may have some influence over by incentivizing activities that promote energy-savings, such as alternative modes of transportation,carpooling, etc. Employee commuting in 2009 represented 3.4% of overall emissions, using 5,512 MMBtus of energy, emitting 134 tons of CO2e,costing government employees a total of $116,914.

Source Emissions

Electricity was the primary source of emissions for the Town of Ithaca s operations in 2009, with 60% of emissions resulting from electricity topower buildings, facilities, and pumps associated with water and wastewater treatment. Gasoline accounted for 16% of emissions, with diesel fueland natural gas representing 11%. 2% of overall emissions are attributable to methane from the wastewater treatment plant.


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Energy Costs

Overall, the Town of Ithaca spent $1,015,508 in 2009 on energy. Employee commuting costs are incurred directly by individual employees,

therefore making the actual cost of energy for government operations $934,632. The greatest energy expense is the water treatment facility,accounting fo r 43% of all energy costs. The Town s share of the wastewater treatment facility accounts for 27% of overall energy costs, wi th thefleet representing 11% of overall energy spending by the Town. 6% of energy expenditures are in the Town s buildings, while less than 1% is spendon streetlights.


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APPENDIX B: EXISTINGACTIONS

Town Hall

Efficient lighting retrofit completed Uses daylight for space lighting Member of Tompkins County Solid Waste ReBusiness Program, and working to enhance recycling and waste reduction strategies

Public Works

Purchases used and refurbished vehicles and equipment when possible Most byproducts/waste collected and generated are reused in some way: leaves to compost, dirt and gravel from excavation to road

material, brush and downed trees to mulch Lubricants, oil, hydraulic fluid and antifreeze from vehicle fleet are collected and returned to vendor where it is reprocessed and made

available for reuse Vehicle/equipment lending and borrowing system with neighboring towns Energy efficient lighting in Public Works office facility Uses solar power for remote bank monitoring

Ithaca Area Wastewater Treatment Facility

Methane from digesters provides 100% of the heat for the digesters, of electricity needs, and some heat for the buildings Recently entered into a building performance contract and is expected to reduce CO2e emissions by 961 tons annually (67% from

electricity reductions, 33% from natural gas.) With a 42% share of the plant, the Town of Ithaca can expect to reduce emissions by 404 tonsCO2e annually. Over the next 20 years, it is estimated that IAWWTF will save close to $9 million in utility costs, based on a mutually agreedupon 3.5% annual escalation rate.


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Bolton Point Water Treatment Facility

Preliminary walk-through audit to assess energy savings opportunities completed Occupancy sensors in main facility Energy efficiency lighting in main facility

Community Partnerships

Intermunicipal Sustainability Collaboration County-wide Energy Campaign Tompkins County Council of Governments Tompkins County Climate Protection Initiative


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APPENDIX C: B20 FLEETCASESTUDY TOMPKINSCOUNTY

In 2008 Tompkins County Legislature passed a resolution adding an energy and greenhouse gas emissions element to the County s comprehensiveplan. In 2009 the Tompkins County Planning department implemented a green fleet policy. The policy set a goal of 10% reduction in greenhouse

gas (GHG) emissions in 5 years using 2008 as a baseline year and an 80% reduction by 2050. After examining several options to reduce greenhousegas emissions, it became evident that the use of biodiesel was the easiest and most cost effective method of reduction. The Alternative FuelsConsortium was formed to explore availability and pricing. After several meetings a request for bid was advertised. Tompkins County HighwayDivision received their first load of B20 biodiesel on April 9, 2009 the provider was Mirabito Energy. Initially biodiesel had very little effect on thefleet performance. Biodiesel did not create any substantial changes in engine power. Engine efficiency remained within 2% compared to ultra lowsulfur diesel fuel. After 10 to 14 days of biodiesel being in service, some vehicles in addition to the fuel dispensing pumps required fuel filterreplacement. This was due to the solvent like nature of biofuels. The biodiesel tends to loosen any built up dirt or debris (corrosion, wax buildup)in the fuel system. As the particles are loosened they are trapped in the systems fuel filter clogging it and restricting fuel flow into the engine. No

TOMPKINS COUNTY HIGHWAY DIVISION

Jeffery V. Lucas, Equipment ServiceManager170 Bostwick Road, Ithaca, NY 14850

607-274-0300


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further issues were noted after the fuel filters were changed. One very noticeable difference in the use biodiesel is the engine exhaust smell.Standard ultralow sulfur diesel has a harsh smell that in close quarters tends to burn the eyes. Biodiesel has a distinct French fry smell that ismuch more tolerable and is somewhat liked by shop personnel.

Highway continued the use of B20 until the fall of 2009. Concerns regarding the performance of the biodiesel in the winter months, because of the higher temperature at which biodiesel gels (a condition where the fuel goes from a liquid to a gel state, disabling the engine). Its use wasdiscontinued on November 3, 2009. The use of B20 resumed the following June. No issues such as fuel filter replacements were necessary duringthe second introduction of B20. The use of B20 continued through the summer and into the fall of 2010. After additional research it was decided touse biodiesel throughout the winter in order to further push reduction goals. The concerns about biodiesel performance in winter monthsremained. We felt the use of biodiesel in the winter months would be possible though because the Highway dept. stores fuel underground. Thestored fuel is maintained at a constant 50 to 55 degrees. Also all mainline snow and ice vehicles are stored in a heated building when not in use.When the vehicles are in use the radiant engine heat tends to warm returning fuel to approximately 85 to 90 degrees. It was decided to reduce thebio mix to a 10% blend in hopes to lower the gel temp of the fuel. In November of 2010 Tompkins County Highway received its first load of B10biodiesel. B10 was used throughout the winter months with absolutely no adverse effects. There were absolutely no cases of engine failure due tofuel gel caused by B10. Highway switched the biodiesel blend back to B20 in the spring of 2011 and its use has continued to date. In Novemberof this year we intend to return to B10 for the winter season.

To date Tompkins County Highway has received 87,500 gallons of B20 biodiesel and 35,000 gallons of B10 blend resulting in a reduction of 348,250 pounds of GHG. On average the cost of biodiesel is $0.40 to $0.50 more than ultra low sulfur diesel depending on the blend. Total cost of the bio portion of the fuel for the 122,500 gallons is $55,125.00. The cost per pound of GHG reduced is $0.16.


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APPENDIX D: RENEWABLES

The utilization of renewable, non-GHG-producing energy particularly solar generated electricity could make a significant contribution to GHGreduction within Town of Ithaca government operations. With energy efficiency as the foundation in a succession of efforts aimed at reducingenergy consumption, lowering GHG emissions, and improving air quality, renewable energy is a critical component of the town s overall energystrategy. Research findings on the feasibility of various renewable energy options for the Town are summarized below:

Solar PV

DESCRIPTION:Solar PV is likely the most feasible and effective renewable energy option for the Town given the reliability and performance of the systems, theTown s high percentage of electricity consumption (60%), and the attractive f inancing mechanisms available through state and federal agencies.

The Town has numerous facilities with several thousand square feet of roof space to support roof-mounted systems, as well as dozens of acrespotentially available for ground-mounted systems. NYSERDA currently provides incentives for the installation of new solar electric of PV systems,reimbursing customers $1,750 per kW for systems up to 50 kW. In general, incentives for a typical residential or commercial system coverapproximately 25-35% of the installed cost of a PV System but not more than 40%, after all tax credits are applied. More information can be foundat: http://www.nyserda.org/funding/2112pon.asp

The most attractive financing option for municipalities and for the Town of Ithaca is clearly a Power Purchase Agreement, which is described in theProposed Actions section of this plan. To learn more about Pow er Purchase Agreements, visit:http://www.epa.gov/greenpower/buygp/solarpower.htm

The Town of Ithaca has also applied for the New York Power Authority s 100 MW Solar PV Initiative, which if selected, woul d enable the Town toserve as a host site to a solar PV system without the responsibility of maintenance and repair or the increased costs of renewable energy. NYPAexpects to notify eligible participants of their status by Fall 2011. To learn more visit: http://www.nypa.gov/solar/100mw/default.htm

RECOMMENDATION:The Town of Ithaca should proceed with a solar site evaluation from a local renewable energy contracting company.
http://www.nyserda.org/funding/2112pon.asphttp://www.nyserda.org/funding/2112pon.asphttp://www.nyserda.org/funding/2112pon.asphttp://www.epa.gov/greenpower/buygp/solarpower.htmhttp://www.epa.gov/greenpower/buygp/solarpower.htmhttp://www.nypa.gov/solar/100mw/default.htmhttp://www.nypa.gov/solar/100mw/default.htmhttp://www.nypa.gov/solar/100mw/default.htmhttp://www.nypa.gov/solar/100mw/default.htmhttp://www.epa.gov/greenpower/buygp/solarpower.htmhttp://www.nyserda.org/funding/2112pon.asp


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Solar Thermal

DESCRIPTION:

Solar thermal is one of the most cost effective renewable energy measures available for domestic hot water users in residential buildings. The hotwater consumption in the Town s buildings is a small portion of the overall water consumption, and thus, over all natural gas usage. This renewabletechnology is best suited to the residential sector, and is highly incentivized by NYSERDA and the federal government. NYSERD A s Solar ThermalIncentive provides incentives for electrically heated hot water, with som e funding available for natural gas systems. This program coversapproximately 15-20% of installed costs, and can be reviewed here: http://www.nyserda.org/funding/2149attg.pdf

The state provides a tax rebate to commercial entities of 25% of installed costs up to $50,000, which the Town is unable to access due to its taxexempt status. Similarly, the federal government provides a tax rebate of 30%, which is also unavailable to municipalities. This information,however, can be useful when implementing the community-wide emissions reduction plan.

RECOMMENDATION:Because its best application is residential, and the available financing mechanisms are not accessible to the Town (our systems are natural gas andwe are not able to access the federal tax rebate), solar thermal is not recommended as a renewable option for the Town at present. If moreattractive financing options for municipal or commercial applications become available, the Town should pursue solar thermal given its quickreturn on investment.

Wind

DESCRIPTION:NYSERDA s Small Wind Explorer calculator (http://nyswe.awstruepower.com ) rates potential wind energy sites for the Town - Town Hall, PublicWorks, and Bolton Point - as Very Poor for wind resources. Through its On -site Wind Turbine Incentive Program, NYSERDA provides $3.50/kWh

up to 10,000 kWh and an additional $1.00/kWh beyond 10,000 kWh, capped at $400,000 per site. In general, NYSERDA does not recommend norwill it consider funding projects on sites rated as Very Poor. Overall, wind resources (speed, consistency, turbulence) are not suitable for small-scale commercial wind generation in the area. To learn more about the program, visit: http://www.nyserda.org/funding/2097summary.pdf

RECOMMENDATION:The Town should not proceed with on-site wind generation at these particular sites, but should keep in mind the incentive programs to supportcommunity wind projects on s ites with better wind resources that come about in the future.
http://www.nyserda.org/funding/2149attg.pdfhttp://www.nyserda.org/funding/2149attg.pdfhttp://www.nyserda.org/funding/2149attg.pdfhttp://nyswe.awstruepower.com/http://nyswe.awstruepower.com/http://nyswe.awstruepower.com/http://www.nyserda.org/funding/2097summary.pdfhttp://www.nyserda.org/funding/2097summary.pdfhttp://www.nyserda.org/funding/2097summary.pdfhttp://www.nyserda.org/funding/2097summary.pdfhttp://nyswe.awstruepower.com/http://www.nyserda.org/funding/2149attg.pdf


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Biomass

DESCRIPTION:

Biomass is slowly emerging as a viable option for heating in the region. While many obstacles and barriers to wide adoption still exist, productionpotential is estimated to have the capacity to power nearly half of the households in Tompkins County. There are well over a hundred thousandacres in Tompkins County that are underutilized when it comes to their potential for producing biomass, including roughly 40,000 acres of fallowfields or inactive farmlands that, with litt le or no inputs, could be harvested for standing biomass 1. Additionally, local renewable energy installersare beginning to include biomass systems installations as part of their offerings. To learn more about biomass initiatives in New York State, visit theNew York Biomass Energy Alliance at: http://newyorkbiomass.org/

RECOMMENDATION:While current biomass programs through NYSERDA support research and development, it is likely that residential and commercial incentives willbecome available as technologies and production capacity improves. When the Town is faced with replacing its boilers at Town Hall, Public Works,and Bolton Point, a feasibility s tudy under NYSERDA s Flex -Tech program (a 50% cost -sharing incentive) should be conducted to considerbiomass as a heat source. To learn more about Flex -Tech visit: http://www.nyserda.org/programs/flextech.asp

Geothermal

DESCRIPTION:The Town of Ithaca is scheduled to replace the Town Hall parking lot in the next year, raising questions about whether the time is ripe to explore ageothermal system, which requires excavation to install pipes in the ground. A feasibility study costing somewhere between $10,000 and $15,000would be the first step in exploring a geothermal system. Rough calculations completed by Taitem Engineering in the Spring of 2011 revealed thatTown Hall alone would require a 42-ton system at a minimum cost of $800,000.

RECOMMENDATION:Without any funding opportunities available through NYSERDA at this point, a geothermal system is highly cost prohibitive to the Town in theshort-term and should not be pursued under current conditions.

District Energy

1 Excerpted from Cornell Cooperative Extension of Tompkins County report, Preparatory Work for Establishing a Nonfood Biomass-Based EnergyIndustry in Tompkins County , 2011.
http://newyorkbiomass.org/http://newyorkbiomass.org/http://newyorkbiomass.org/http://www.nyserda.org/programs/flextech.asphttp://www.nyserda.org/programs/flextech.asphttp://www.nyserda.org/programs/flextech.asphttp://www.nyserda.org/programs/flextech.asphttp://newyorkbiomass.org/


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DESCRIPTION:The Town is part of a task force comprised of representatives from the County, Ithaca College, the Ithaca Downtown Alliance, the Tompkins County

Climate Protection Initiative, and other stakeholders charged with exploring funding sources for a feasibility study on the potential of a districtenergy combined heat and power plant on South Hill. This plant could provide heat and power to the largest energy users in th e area, includingmost County, City, and Town buildings, the I thaca Commons, Ithaca College, the South Hill Business Campus, the now-defunct Emerson Complex,and several other commercial and residential entities.

RECOMMENDATION: Although this effort is in its initial stages and requires long-term planning, the Town should stay involved and support in any way possible toensure success and take advantage of the opportunity to save money and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, while facilitating the development of local renewable energy generation.


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APPENDIX E: POLICYTEMPLATES

Sample Policies and Resources

Green Fleet

Guidance on policy development:http://www.garfieldcleanenergy.org/pdf/transportation/2010FleetsWkshp/G-NECI-Fleet-Policy-Guidelines.pdf

Tompkins County Green Fleet Policy:http://www.tompkins-co.org/ctyadmin/policy/documents/01-44.pdf

City of Seattle Green Fleet Policy:http://www.cityofseattle.net/environment/Documents/CleanGreenFleetAP.pdf

Green Procurement Policy

ICLEI Resource Guide: Environmentally Preferable Purchasing:http://www.icleiusa.org/action-center/learn-from-others/Environmentally_Preferable_Procurement_Guide_FINAL.pdf/?searchterm=procurement

Town of New Castle, NYhttp://www.newcastle-ny.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=766:green-procurement-policy&catid=142:green-businesses&Itemid=331

City of Portland, OR: Sustainable Procurement Policy:http://www.responsiblepurchasing.org/UserFiles/File/Portland,%20OR_SustainableProcurementPolicyFinal_2008.pdf
http://www.garfieldcleanenergy.org/pdf/transportation/2010FleetsWkshp/G-NECI-Fleet-Policy-Guidelines.pdfhttp://www.garfieldcleanenergy.org/pdf/transportation/2010FleetsWkshp/G-NECI-Fleet-Policy-Guidelines.pdfhttp://www.tompkins-co.org/ctyadmin/policy/documents/01-44.pdfhttp://www.tompkins-co.org/ctyadmin/policy/documents/01-44.pdfhttp://www.cityofseattle.net/environment/Documents/CleanGreenFleetAP.pdfhttp://www.cityofseattle.net/environment/Documents/CleanGreenFleetAP.pdfhttp://www.icleiusa.org/action-center/learn-from-others/Environmentally_Preferable_Procurement_Guide_FINAL.pdf/?searchterm=procurementhttp://www.icleiusa.org/action-center/learn-from-others/Environmentally_Preferable_Procurement_Guide_FINAL.pdf/?searchterm=procurementhttp://www.icleiusa.org/action-center/learn-from-others/Environmentally_Preferable_Procurement_Guide_FINAL.pdf/?searchterm=procurementhttp://www.newcastle-ny.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=766:green-procurement-policy&catid=142:green-businesses&Itemid=331http://www.newcastle-ny.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=766:green-procurement-policy&catid=142:green-businesses&Itemid=331http://www.newcastle-ny.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=766:green-procurement-policy&catid=142:green-businesses&Itemid=331http://www.responsiblepurchasing.org/UserFiles/File/Portland,%20OR_SustainableProcurementPolicyFinal_2008.pdfhttp://www.responsiblepurchasing.org/UserFiles/File/Portland,%20OR_SustainableProcurementPolicyFinal_2008.pdfhttp://www.responsiblepurchasing.org/UserFiles/File/Portland,%20OR_SustainableProcurementPolicyFinal_2008.pdfhttp://www.newcastle-ny.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=766:green-procurement-policy&catid=142:green-businesses&Itemid=331http://www.newcastle-ny.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=766:green-procurement-policy&catid=142:green-businesses&Itemid=331http://www.icleiusa.org/action-center/learn-from-others/Environmentally_Preferable_Procurement_Guide_FINAL.pdf/?searchterm=procurementhttp://www.icleiusa.org/action-center/learn-from-others/Environmentally_Preferable_Procurement_Guide_FINAL.pdf/?searchterm=procurementhttp://www.cityofseattle.net/environment/Documents/CleanGreenFleetAP.pdfhttp://www.tompkins-co.org/ctyadmin/policy/documents/01-44.pdfhttp://www.garfieldcleanenergy.org/pdf/transportation/2010FleetsWkshp/G-NECI-Fleet-Policy-Guidelines.pdf


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APPENDIX F: CLIMATESMARTCOMMUNITIESRESOLUTION

STUDY SESSION OF THE ITHACA TOWN BOARD

MONDAY, APRIL 27, 2009

TB RESOLUTION NO. 2009-086: Town of Ithaca Resolution to Participate in New York State Department of EnvironmentalConservation Climate Smart Communities Initiative

WHEREAS, the Town of Ithaca Board believes that climate change poses a real and increasing threat to our local and globalenvironments which is primarily due to the burning of fossil fuels; and

WHEREAS, the effects of climate change may endanger our infrastructure, economy and livelihoods; harm our farms, orchards,ecological communities, including native fish and wildlife populations; reduce drinking water supplies; and pose potential healththreats to our citizens; and

WHEREAS, we believe that our response to climate change provides us with an unprecedented opportunity to save money, and tobuild livable, energy-independent and secure communities, vibrant innovation economies, healthy and safe schools, and resilientinfrastructures; and

WHEREAS, we believe the scale of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reductions required for climate stabilization will requiresustained and substantial efforts; and

WHEREAS, we believe that even if emissions were dramatically reduced today, communities would still be required to adapt to theeffects of climate change for decades to come,

IT IS HEREBY RESOLVED that Town of Ithaca, in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to a changing climate will


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1. Combat Climate Change by Becoming a Climate Smart Community

Set goals to reduce GHG emissions and adapt to predicted climatic changes. Establish a task force of local officials and communitymembers to review the issues and propose a plan of action. Work cooperatively with similar task forces in neighboring communities

to ensure that efforts complement and reinforce one another.

2. Set Goals, Inventory Emissions, Move to Action

Gather data, inventory GHG gas emissions, and establish baselines for local government operations and community sectors.Develop quantifiable interim GHG emission targets consistent with emission reduction goals and propose a schedule and financingstrategy to meet them. Encourage stakeholder and public input and develop an action plan. Report emissions to The ClimateRegistry (TCR), which has developed a standardized method for reporting emissions inventories; track and evaluate progress.

3. Decrease Energy Demand for Local Government Operations

Adopt a goal of reducing electricity use by 15 percent from projected levels no later than 2015.

Existing Public Facilities . Inventory current building electricity usage and identify opportunities for conservation and efficiencyretrofits. Obtain energy assessments from the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA), the NewYork Power Authority, the Long Island Power Authority or other professionals. Consider actions such as purchasing energy efficientequipment and appliances, such as ENERGY STAR; improving lighting, heating, and cooling efficiency; setting thermostats for maximum energy conservation; decreasing plug load from office equipment; and increasing pump efficiency in water and wastewater systems.

New Public Buildings . Achieve at least minimum U.S. Green Building Council Leadership in Energy and Environmental Designstandards (LEED Silver) for all new local government buildings.

Infrastructure . Incorporate energy efficient technologies and operations and maintenance practices into municipal street lighting,traffic signals, and water and wastewater treatment facilities.

Vehicle Fleet and Commuting . Improve the average fuel efficiency of local government fleet vehicles. Discourage vehicle idling andencourage bicycling, car-pooling and public transit for employees. Consider reducing the number of vehicles; converting fleetvehicles to sustainable alternative fuels; and using electric vehicles where possible.


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4. Encourage Renewable Energy for Local Government Operations

Supply as much of the local government's power, heat and hot water needs as is deemed feasible from solar, wind, and small hydrothrough purchase or direct generation.

5. Realize Benefits of Recycling and Other Climate Smart Solid Waste Management Practices

Expand the "reduce, reuse and recycle" approach to waste management in local government operations and in the wholecommunity. Reduce the amount of solid waste generated -- promote backyard composting and educate residents on how to preventwaste. Provide recycling receptacles in local government buildings and outdoor spaces, require duplex printing in governmentoffices, compost food scraps and green waste, and develop a comprehensive green purchasing program.

6. Promote Climate Protection through Community Land Use Planning

Combat climate change by encouraging low-emissions development that is resilient to climatic changes. When updating land usepolicies, building codes or community plans, include provisions to combat climate change; reduce sprawl; preserve and protect open

space, biodiversity, and water supplies; promote compact, transit-oriented, bikeable and walkable communities; promote infilldevelopment; minimize new development in floodplains; maintain or establish healthy community forests; and promote best forestmanagement practices and encourage tree planting, especially along waterways, to increase shading and to absorb carbon dioxide.

7. Plan for Adaptation to Unavoidable Climate Change

Evaluate risks from unavoidable climate change, set adaptation goals and plan for adaptation. Identify climate change impacts (suchas flooding, drought, and extreme temperatures) that could affect the community. Identify areas such as water supply and sewer infrastructure that may be at risk due to future changes in climate. Factor risks into long-term investments and decision-making.Execute climate change adaptation and preparedness measures through local government planning, development and operations,giving priority to the highest risk areas.

8. Support a Green Innovation Economy

Identify opportunities to incorporate climate protection, sustainability and environmental goods and service industries into economicdevelopment plans. Encourage workforce development training and school curricula that support the emerging green collar jobsector, including renewable energy and energy efficiency, as well as climate smart solid waste management practices. Procureclimate smart goods and services for local government operations .


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9. Inform and Inspire the Public

Lead by example. Highlight local government commitment to reducing energy use and adapting to changing conditions. Demonstratethe benefits of energy savings, energy efficiency, and renewable energy projects by hosting open houses; holding local meetings;

working with school districts, colleges, and universities to develop climate change curricula and programs; and regularlycommunicating community climate protection goals and progress to constituents.

10. Commit to an Evolving Process

Acknowledge that research and policy on climate protection are constantly improving and evolving. Be willing to consider new ideasand commit to update plans and policies as needed. Compare successes, cooperate and collaborate with neighboring communitiesto redirect less-effective actions and amplify positive results.

MOVED: Councilwoman Hunter

SECONDED: Councilman DePaolo

VOTE: Supervisor Engman, aye; Councilwoman Leary, aye; Councilman Stein, aye; Councilman Goodman, aye; CouncilmanLevine, aye; Councilman DePaolo, aye; Councilwoman Hunter, aye. Carried unanimously.


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APPENDIX G: TOOLS ANDRESOURCES

ICLEI www.icleiusa.org

ICLEI Local Governments for Sustainability is an association of city and county governments dedicated to improving global environmentalconditions through cumulative local action. ICLEI encourages action by focusing on improvement to the quality of life for the entire community byreducing greenhouse gas emissions (e.g. improving air quality, reducing traffic congestion and achieving financial savings for residents andbusinesses). In 2005 alone, local government members of ICLEI reduced their greenhouse gas emissions by 23 million tons. This translates to about$600 million in annual cumulative savings, largely on energy expenditures. The Town s GHG emissions inventory and subsequent energy actionplanning was largely supported by the software tools developed by ICLEI and the technical expertise provided by its program staff. The Clean AirClimate Protection (CACP) software was utilized to calculate GHG emissions from local government sources and the Climate and Air Pollution

Planning Assistant (CAPPA) software was utilized to quantify the GHG emissions reductions associated with the actions recommended in this planto reach reduction targets.

Sustainable Cities Institute - www.sustainablecitiesinstitute.org/view/page.home/home

The Sustainable Cities Institute (SCI) is a tool that allows cities to ut ilize a holistic, long-term approach to sustainability planning andimplementation of healthy communities. The SCI website is a dynamic online toolbox that is shaped by its users, who post, comment andcontribute to the website. From its homepage, users can navigate through technical silos including Economic Development, Water, MaterialsManagement, Land Use and Transportation; as well as through classrooms, communication labs, a planning center and a library. In addition, thereare forums, webinars, a cale ndar, City Profiles and an interactive Sustainable City map. The website provides a number of resources, includingsample policies, ordinances, plans, case studies, reports, and more related to urban sprawl, inner-city and brownfield redevelopment, economicdevelopment and growth, ecosystem management, agriculture, hydrology, biodiversity, green buildings, energy conservation, watershedmanagement, and pollution prevention.


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Funding Opportunities and Technical Assistance

New York State Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) www.NYSERDA.org

New York Power Authority (NYPA) www.NYPA.gov

New York State Electric and Gas (NYSEG) www.NYSEG.com

Department of Energy (DOE) www.energy.gov
http://www.nyserda.org/http://www.nyserda.org/http://www.nyserda.org/http://www.nypa.gov/http://www.nypa.gov/http://www.nypa.gov/http://www.nyseg.com/http://www.nyseg.com/http://www.nyseg.com/http://www.energy.gov/http://www.energy.gov/http://www.energy.gov/http://www.energy.gov/http://www.nyseg.com/http://www.nypa.gov/http://www.nyserda.org/

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