Towards Web 3.0As Collaboration Media

In Real World

Koji Zettsu zettsu@nict.go.jp

Knowledge Creating Communication Research Center

National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT)

The 1st Hungarian-Japanese Joint Conference onFuture Information and Communication Technology

FuturICT 2009June 30, 2009 (Budapest, Hungary)

Web Evolution

June 30, 2009（ C)Koji Zettsu @ NICT

"Web 3.0 will complete my sentences. It will think ahead of me. In a sense, it will think for me. For example, if I write ‘I like...’, a web 3.0 app will complete my sentence with ‘...big butts and I cannot lie.’I don't know if it is earth shattering, but it helps me be more efficient.“

(from Define Web 3.0 Contest)

"Web 3.0 will complete my sentences. It will think ahead of me. In a sense, it will think for me. For example, if I write ‘I like...’, a web 3.0 app will complete my sentence with ‘...big butts and I cannot lie.’I don't know if it is earth shattering, but it helps me be more efficient.“

(from Define Web 3.0 Contest)

"Web 1.0: Centralized Them. Web 2.0: Distributed Us. Web 3.0: Decentralized (Asynchronous) Me"

(from Define Web 3.0 Contest)

"Web 1.0: Centralized Them. Web 2.0: Distributed Us. Web 3.0: Decentralized (Asynchronous) Me"

(from Define Web 3.0 Contest)

"People keep asking what Web 3.0 is, I think ,maybe when you've got an overlay of scalable vector graphics - everything rippling and folding and looking misty - on Web 2.0 and access to a semantic Web integrated across a huge space of data, you'll have access to an unbelievable data resource.“ (by Tim Berners-Lee)

"People keep asking what Web 3.0 is, I think ,maybe when you've got an overlay of scalable vector graphics - everything rippling and folding and looking misty - on Web 2.0 and access to a semantic Web integrated across a huge space of data, you'll have access to an unbelievable data resource.“ (by Tim Berners-Lee)

Cloud computingOpen peer-to-peer grid storage, and computing capabilities on the WebMobile WebHigher bandwidth, more storage, and more powerful processors empowering mobile devicesPersonalizationIncrease in the power of personalization tools and personal assistant toolsSearchSmarter search engines that not only answer questions, but will accept commandsData integration and portabilityImprovements in account portability, integration, and data between different Web applicationsDatabasesFundamental change, moving from the relational model and object model towards the associative model of data (graph databases and triple stores)(By Nova Spivack: Gartner is Wrong about Web 3.0)

Cloud computingOpen peer-to-peer grid storage, and computing capabilities on the WebMobile WebHigher bandwidth, more storage, and more powerful processors empowering mobile devicesPersonalizationIncrease in the power of personalization tools and personal assistant toolsSearchSmarter search engines that not only answer questions, but will accept commandsData integration and portabilityImprovements in account portability, integration, and data between different Web applicationsDatabasesFundamental change, moving from the relational model and object model towards the associative model of data (graph databases and triple stores)(By Nova Spivack: Gartner is Wrong about Web 3.0)

“We’re constantly asked about ‘Web 3.0.’ Is it the semantic web? The sentient web? Is it the social web? The mobile web? Is it some form of virtual reality? It is all of those, and more.The Web is no longer a collection of static pages of HTML that describe something in the world. Increasingly, the Web is the world – everything and everyone in the world casts an "information shadow," an aura of data which, when captured and processed intelligently, offers extraordinary opportunity and mind bending implications. Web Squared is our way of exploring this phenomenon and giving it a name.”

(By Tim O’Reilly : Web Squared: Web 2.0 Five Years On, Web 2.0 Summit)

“We’re constantly asked about ‘Web 3.0.’ Is it the semantic web? The sentient web? Is it the social web? The mobile web? Is it some form of virtual reality? It is all of those, and more.The Web is no longer a collection of static pages of HTML that describe something in the world. Increasingly, the Web is the world – everything and everyone in the world casts an "information shadow," an aura of data which, when captured and processed intelligently, offers extraordinary opportunity and mind bending implications. Web Squared is our way of exploring this phenomenon and giving it a name.”

(By Tim O’Reilly : Web Squared: Web 2.0 Five Years On, Web 2.0 Summit)

Rationale

Collaboration on demand with collective intelligence– Treatment of collaborative data with social interaction and

community management

Grid architecture with emphasis on virtual organization– “The real and specific problem that underlies the Grid concept is

coordinated resource sharing and problem solving in dynamic, multi-institutional virtual organizations. … A set of individuals and/or institutions defined by such sharing rules form what we call a virtual organization (VO).”[Foster et al.: The Anatomy of Grid (2001)]

Everything as a Service– New generation network aiming at value creation network

June 30, 2009（ C)Koji Zettsu @ NICT

-Associative search-(Re)Structurization-Augmentation

-Notification-Navigation-Recommendation

-Expert discovery-Partner search-Team coordinationCollaborationCollaboration

CaptureCapture

AssociationAssociation

Content-level HCI-level Human-level

Social/natural/human activities

CGMs

Devices

Vision: Next Generation Web as Collaboration Media

KnowledgeClouds

June 30, 2009（ C)Koji Zettsu @ NICT

3-site model knowledge service layer

Grid layer

Platform: Global Knowledge GridSite 2: Association

Interconnect different communitiesof knowledge

Knowledge Correlation Computing

Site 3: ProvisionFrom knowledge to actionable information

KnowledgePresentation

Media

Site 1: Capture

Web D

B

Knowledge Discovery

Obtain knowledge on real-world situations• Events

• Activities• Phenomen

on

Knowledge Grid Node ApplianceReady-made one box Knowledge Grid nodes

• Collection and analysis of local data (including sensor / GIS /multimedia/Web data)

• Virtual private info-resource-sharing networks

June 30, 2009（ C)Koji Zettsu @ NICT

Operational Status of Global Knowledge Grid

June 30, 2009（ C)Koji Zettsu @ NICT

Node Location

gig001 NICT Keihanna (Kyoto, Japan)

gig002 NICT Koganei (Tokyo, Japan)

gig003 NICT Keihanna (Kyoto, Japan)

gig102 Univ.of Jyväskylä (Jyväskylä , Finland)

gig103 Keio Univ. SFC (Kanagawa, Japan)

gig104 Tampere Univ. of Tech. (Pori, Finland)

gig105Christian Albrechts Univ. at Kiel (Kiel, Germany)

gig106East China Normal Univ. (Shanghai, China)

gig107 Korea Aerospace Univ. (Seoul, Korea)

(T.B.A) EEPIS-ITS (Surabaya, Indonesia)

(T.B.A)VSB-Technical Univ. of Ostrava (Czech Rep.)

(T.B.A)Chinese Academy of Science (Beijing, China)

(as of June 6, 2009)

Legend: Running Maintenance Down Under construction

Statistics of Knowledge Services

June 30, 2009（ C)Koji Zettsu @ NICT

GLOSSARY NAME # OF ITEMS1 Deardorff s Glossary of International Economics 2,9892 Street Terms Drugs and the Drug Trade 2,9163 Cellular Networking Perspectives Wireless Telecom Glossary 2,1504 Dictionary of Botanical Words 2,0745 Glossary of Archaeological and Anthropological Terms 1,6846 Literature Classics Glossary 1,4587 Roman Army Glossary 1,4168 Comprehensive Financial Glossary 1,3049 A Dictionary of Philosophical Terms and Names 1,134

10 General Chemistry Online Glossary 1,03811 National Snow and Ice Data Center 1,02912 Abbrevations for ISDN and Data Communications 89613 Global Trade Glossary 88214 Dictionary of Dream Symbols 81015 Glossary of Water Resource Terms 79916 The Earthquake and Weather Station 78517 The Weather Channel 78518 Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research 78319 Dictionary of Veterinary Terms 72420 Glossary of Speleological and Caving Terms 67321 Traders Glossary 66122 Aquatic, Wetland and Invasive Plant Glossary 66023 Agriculture, Environment, and Sustainable Development Glossary 63024 Glossary of Quality Terms 61525 Acronyms 56226 Glossary of Jewish Terminology 56127 Dream Dictionary Dream Centrals 52428 Psychology Dictionary 50329 Small Business Taxes and Management Glossary 48930 Water Glossary 460

Top 30 services (in order of # of records) from total164 services (as of June, 2009)• Covering 31,994/47,384 = 67.5 % records

An Application: Link-free Web Browsing- Web Expedition by Discovering Associative Knowledge -

June 30, 2009（ C)Koji Zettsu @ NICT

Capture service (site 1)

Association service (site 2)

Provision service (site 3)

Knowledge service layer

Grid layer

9

Knowledge Grid

Appl. 1: Dynamic link generation for navigating cross-domain associative Web contents (subject: global warming)

Appl. 1: Dynamic link generation for navigating cross-domain associative Web contents (subject: global warming)

1. Select interested content1. Select interested content

2. Search associative concepts over heterogeneous domains for a given subject (e.g., global warming)

2. Search associative concepts over heterogeneous domains for a given subject (e.g., global warming)

3. Generate links to related contents3. Generate links to related contents

Site 1Site 1

Site 2Site 2

Site 3Site 3

Web archiveWeb archive

Natural disastercorrelation analysis

Natural disastercorrelation analysis

Healthcarecorrelation analysis

Healthcarecorrelation analysis

Ecosystemcorrelation analysis

Ecosystemcorrelation analysis

Link generationLink generation

Speech I/OSpeech I/OKyoto sightseeingAssociative searchKyoto sightseeingAssociative search

Voiceguidance

Voiceguidance

Historical heritage DBHistorical

heritage DBLiterature DBLiterature DB

Mapnavigation

Mapnavigation

RoboticsCorrelation analysis

RoboticsCorrelation analysisPatent DBPatent DB

Social networkview

Social networkview

Second lifeCorrelation analysis

Second lifeCorrelation analysis

LOHAScorrelation analysis

LOHAScorrelation analysis

CorporateIR

CorporateIR

Appl. 2: Associative navigation for Kyoto sightseeingAppl. 2: Associative navigation for Kyoto sightseeing

Proactive navigationTravelling with story-linesProactive navigationTravelling with story-lines

Communication channel establishmentDiscover latent correlations among people, products and organizations

Communication channel establishmentDiscover latent correlations among people, products and organizations

Appl. 3: Industrial cluster (= company network) construction support Appl. 3: Industrial cluster (= company network) construction support

Link-free Web browsingSubject-oriented Web restructuring, instead of embedded hyperlinks

Link-free Web browsingSubject-oriented Web restructuring, instead of embedded hyperlinks

June 30, 2009（ C)Koji Zettsu @ NICT

Software Architecture of Global Knowledge Grid

Applications

Internet

Site 2 services(association)

Site 3 services(provision)

Service Oriented Architecture (SOA)

Grid (resource sharing & remote exec.)with extension to mobile/ubiquitous/sensor computing

Collaboration mgmt.

KC VO mgmt.

KC session mgmt.

Site 1 services(capture) Site 1Site 1 Site 2Site 2 Site 3Site 3

June 30, 2009（ C)Koji Zettsu @ NICT

Service Collaboration Models

June 30, 2009（ C)Koji Zettsu @ NICT

Workflow model Data-driven model

Monitor changes

Sharing data of common interests

• Good at handling a well-formed processes(e.g., business processes)

• All services involved in a process must be known (available) beforehand

• Easy to optimize execution plan• WS-BPEL

Sequence of processes and (intermediate) data

Activate services by trigger (ECA-rule) engine Activate services by workflow engine

• Good at handling ad-hoc processes(e.g., building collective intelligence)

• Services can join/leave at anytime• Hard to predict (and optimize) execution

plan• Global Knowledge Grid

Service MeshUp: Authoring Data-driven Service Collaboration

June 30, 2009（ C)Koji Zettsu @ NICT

<mesh> <aspect name=“aspect_name"> <properties> <property type=“type">property_name</property> ... </properties> <event name=“event_name"> <precondition> <condition id=“condition_id" operator=“operator"> <property name=“property_name”>value</property> </condition> ... <complex_condition operator=“operator"> <conditionID>condition_id</conditionID> ... </complex_condition> </precondition> <behavior> <params> <param>parameter_name</param> ... </params> <action>action</action> </behavior> <postcondition> <property name=“property_name">value</property> ... </postcondition> </event> ... </aspect> …</mesh>

<mesh> <aspect name=“aspect_name"> <properties> <property type=“type">property_name</property> ... </properties> <event name=“event_name"> <precondition> <condition id=“condition_id" operator=“operator"> <property name=“property_name”>value</property> </condition> ... <complex_condition operator=“operator"> <conditionID>condition_id</conditionID> ... </complex_condition> </precondition> <behavior> <params> <param>parameter_name</param> ... </params> <action>action</action> </behavior> <postcondition> <property name=“property_name">value</property> ... </postcondition> </event> ... </aspect> …</mesh>

Property block

Event blockPrecondition

block

Behavior block

Postcondition block

Aspect block

services

a1

bv11

bv31

bv15

bv22

bv32

bv42

bv13

bv33

bv14

bv54

s1s1

s2s2

s3s3

s4s4

s5s5

a2 a3 a4

• Aspects: collaboration theme/topics• Aspect properties: shared data

representing common interests

Behavior of service si in aspect aj

•Program codeService Meshup•Unit of collaboration space (resource sharing , message propagation, security policy)•Form Virtual organization (VO) on Knowledge Grid

ap1

Global Warming_0325_1811_tabedit.xml

ap2

Meshup Authoring Tool (Eclipse Plug-in)

June 30, 2009（ C)Koji Zettsu @ NICT

Software & tutorial available at http://risksys.kclab.jgn2.jp/en/wiki/index.php/How_to_use_Authoring_Tool

Service Meshup Runtime System Overview

June 30, 2009（ C)Koji Zettsu @ NICT

Meshup-based index

WSDL-based index

gig00A

gig00B

gig00C

・ ・

・ ・

Grid VO　

gig00?

WEBServiceRuntime

Meshup Runtime

Meshup Repository

Mesh Authoring Tool ( Eclipse platform )

□PreCondition

□PostCondition

HTTP/POSTBehavior

Interpreter

SOAP/HTTP

HTTP/POST

Web 3.0 Browser ( Firefox Add-on )

□ Behaivior Code

■ Event 0X

Define Meshup ( Add ・ Edit )

Load selected MeshupService Repository

Register Meshup’s Index

Register Service

↑ Selected Mesh

Graph Gadget

Notify Event

Response

Call Behavior

Response

Requet service execute

$rs = analyze ($service,$prm);

Load selected Meshup

Response

ResponseAssign Service / NodeAndCall Mesthod

Load Service List

Grid Services　

Request

Real-world Annotation

Real-worldAnnotation

DB

Real-worldAnnotation

DB

VoiceVoice

Visualizing on maps

Visualizing on maps

Trajectoryanalysis

Trajectoryanalysis

PhotoPhoto

Text message

Text message

GPSGPS

Mobile phone blog (micro-blog)

Voice micro-blog

Speech translation

News itemsNews items

Geo-coding,GeoRSS

global local

impressive

descriptive

June 30, 2009（ C)Koji Zettsu @ NICT

Sticker: Searching and Aggregating Geo Annotations Along With Trajectories of “Moving Phenomena”

June 30, 2009（ C)Koji Zettsu @ NICT

Conclusions Vision: Next Generation Web as Collaboration Media

– Collaboration on demand with collective intelligence– Grid architecture with emphasis on virtual organization– Everything as a Service

Platform: Global Knowledge Grid– 3-site-model knowledge service (knowledge capture, association and provision) on global-

scale grid network >102 knowledge services available, will soon be >103

Integrate existing services/systems by 3-site-model service encapsulation

– Service Meshup for data-driven collaboration (orchestrization) of services– Dynamic VO for multi-institutional & secure service collaboration– [Future work] Service Search Engine

Real World Annotation– Geo annotations: GeoRSS, Micro blog and Voice micro blog, and more

Incorporating sensor data of space/earth environment is now undergoing

– Moving phenomena DBMS for management of real-world annotation data– Sticker: Searching and Aggregating Geo annotations along with Trajectories of “Moving

Phenomena”

June 30, 2009（ C)Koji Zettsu @ NICT