Towards Logic Programming as a Service: Experiments in tuProlog

Towards Logic Programming as a ServiceExperiments in tuProlog

Roberta Calegari Enrico Denti Stefano Mariani Andrea Omicini{roberta.calegari, enrico.denti, s.mariani, andrea.omicini}@unibo.it

Dipartimento di Informatica – Scienza e Ingegneria (DISI)Alma Mater Studiorum – Universita di Bologna

XVII Workshop “From Objects to Agents” (WOA 2016)Catania, Italy, 29 July 2016

Calegari, Denti, Mariani, Omicini (UniBo) Towards Logic Programming as a Service WOA 2016, 29/07/2016 1 / 26

Outline

1 Scope & Goals

2 Logic Programming as a Service (LPaaS)

3 tuProlog as a Service (2PaaS) on iOS

4 Application Scenarios

5 Related Work

6 Conclusion & Further Work


Scope & Goals

Outline

1 Scope & Goals




5 Related Work



Scope & Goals Context & Motivation

Context

Challenges of today’s pervasive system [MO15]

complex distributed situated intelligent

distributed situated intelligence

light-weight, effective intelligence chunksplaced where and when needed

to locally tackle the specific reasoning needs


Scope & Goals Context & Motivation

Motivations

Complex Internet-of-Things (IoT) scenarios

mobility/cloud ecosystem

infrastructure, platforms, and software as a service

enabling people to benefit from ubiquitous information access

Role of logic-based languages

Multiple, distributed Prolog engines

intelligence providers

technology integrators [OZ04]

Logic Programming as a Service (LPaaS)


Scope & Goals tuProlog in a Nutshell

tuProlog [DOR01, DOC13]

light-weight, minimal, easily deployable

dynamically configurable

inter-operable

multi-paradigm, multi-language, multi-platformJava, .NET, Android, iOS

open-source @ http://tuprolog.unibo.it

Minimality

tuProlog core contains just the Prolog engine essentials

↑ other features via libraries

Easy deployability

e.g., JAR archive/.NET assembly made available at the desiredlocation – Android/iOS app (via the Android/iOS installer)


http://tuprolog.unibo.it


Outline

1 Scope & Goals




5 Related Work



Logic Programming as a Service (LPaaS) Architecture

LPaaS Architecture


Presumably at the SaaS level


Logic Programming as a Service (LPaaS) Interface & API

LPaaS Interface & API

(Local) API

create engine to instantiate a dedicated engine

reset engine to reset the engine to the initial state and possibly the emptyknowledge base

set theory to load the knowledge base into the engine

query to submit queries and retrieve (possibly multiple) results


tuProlog as a Service (2PaaS) on iOS

Outline

1 Scope & Goals




5 Related Work



tuProlog as a Service (2PaaS) on iOS Architecture

2PaaS Architecture

tuProlog as a Service (2PaaS) on iOS

is embedded in a tuProlog app

acting as the service provider for all other applications running on themobile device


tuProlog as a Service (2PaaS) on iOS Interface & API

2PaaS Interface & API I

API

create engine implicit—just embedded in the first call to the service

reset engine mapped onto the 2P reset primitive

set theory mapped onto the 2P theory primitive

query mapped onto a set of 2P primitives—namely, query to issuethe query, result and solution to retrieve the queryresult, and nextSol to explore further solutions

iOS built-in URL scheme functionality

simple and effective way for application inter-communication

↑ via a user-defined, URL-based protocol



2PaaS Interface & API II

tuProlog app URL scheme

tuPrologMobile://?src=srcURL&command=argument&dst=dstURL

srcURL is the client URL scheme

command is one of theory, query, nextSol, reset, with argument

respectively being theory, query (the text of the query)

dstURL is the URL scheme of the client to which the result should besent, possibly different from srcURL



2PaaS Interface & API III

Query result returned by the tuProlog service

dstURL://command=commandresult

dstURL is the URL scheme of the client receiving the result

command is either result, solution, nextSol, or reset, with therespective commandresult


Application Scenarios

Outline

1 Scope & Goals




5 Related Work



Application Scenarios The “Derivative” Case Study

The “Derivative” Case Study

The symbolic derivative query, and its result on iPhonerand iWatchr


Application Scenarios The Multi-language Case Study

The Multi-language Toy Example

exploiting tuProlog multi-paradigm programming support (OOLibrary)

Swift or Objective-C apps interacting with Java entities

Swift app creates Java objects, calls methods, and elaborates the (Java)result back in Swift

Example query

a Java string member(X,[a,d]). is bound to the Prolog var Q

then a Java Prolog engine is bound to the Prolog var P

P is used to solve the query Q

the result is bound to the Prolog var S

the result is converted to a Java string via toString

then it is bound to the final result to the Prolog var SOL

the result is printed by the Swift app on its console


Application Scenarios Complex Pervasive Systems

Towards Home Intelligence

need for situatedness—i.e., smart fridge, geo-localised reasoning

instability of the connection

limits to the availability of bandwidth and computational power


Related Work

Outline

1 Scope & Goals




5 Related Work



Related Work

Related Work

[CH01] — PiLLoW library (Programming in Logic Languages on theWeb): developed in Ciao Prolog and available forSWI-Prolog, SICStus Prolog, and YAP and Ciao

[MS02] — Logic programming for the composition of Semantic WebServices

[BGHK97] — ALP-Prolog library aiming at embedded HTTP servers forcontrolling appliances


Conclusion & Further Work

Outline

1 Scope & Goals




5 Related Work



Conclusion & Further Work

Conclusions

Distributed light-weight logic programming engines for pervasive andsituated systems

→ modular, multi-platform, and multi-language logic engine

→ LPaaS

→ tuProlog as a service (2PaaS) on iOS

Further Work

precisely defining and further extending the LPaaS paradigm

providing logic engines within SOA – e.g., tuProlog as a RESTful webservice

designing the architecture of a general-purpose Prolog middleware

building a full-fledged specialised tuProlog middleware


References

References I

Manfred Bathelt, Ulrich Gall, Bernd Hindel, and Christian Kurzke.Accessing embedded systems via WWW: The ProWeb toolset.Computer Networks and ISDN Systems, 29(8-13):1065–1073, September 1997.Papers from the 6th International World Wide Web Conference.

Daniel Cabeza and Manuel V. Hermenegildo.Distributed WWW programming using (Ciao-) Prolog and the PilloW library.Theory and Practice of Logic Programming, 1(3):251–282, May 2001.

Enrico Denti, Andrea Omicini, and Roberta Calegari.tuProlog: Making Prolog ubiquitous.ALP Newsletter, October 2013.

Enrico Denti, Andrea Omicini, and Alessandro Ricci.tuProlog: A light-weight Prolog for Internet applications and infrastructures.In I.V. Ramakrishnan, editor, Practical Aspects of Declarative Languages, volume 1990 ofLecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 184–198. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001.3rd International Symposium (PADL 2001), Las Vegas, NV, USA, 11–12 March 2001.Proceedings.


References

References II

Stefano Mariani and Andrea Omicini.Coordinating activities and change: An event-driven architecture for situated MAS.Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 41:298–309, May 2015.

Sheila Mcilraith and Tran Cao Son.Adapting GOLOG for composition of Semantic Web Services.In Dieter Fensel, Fausto Giunchiglia, Deborah L. McGuinness, and Mary-Anne Williams,editors, 8th International Conference on Principles and Knowledge Representation andReasoning (KR-02), pages 482–493. Morgan Kaufmann, 22–25 April 2002.

Andrea Omicini and Franco Zambonelli.MAS as complex systems: A view on the role of declarative approaches.In Joao Alexandre Leite, Andrea Omicini, Leon Sterling, and Paolo Torroni, editors,Declarative Agent Languages and Technologies, volume 2990 of Lecture Notes inComputer Science, pages 1–17. Springer, May 2004.1st International Workshop (DALT 2003), Melbourne, Australia, 15 July 2003. RevisedSelected and Invited Papers.


Extras

URLs

Slides

on APICe

→ http://apice.unibo.it/xwiki/bin/view/Talks/LpaasWoa2016

on SlideShare→ http://www.slideshare.net/andreaomicini/

towards-logic-programming-as-a-service

Paper

on APICe

→ http://apice.unibo.it/xwiki/bin/view/Publications/LpaasWoa2016

on CEUR

→ http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-????/paper ?.pdf


http://apice.unibo.it/xwiki/bin/view/Talks/LpaasWoa2016

http://www.slideshare.net/andreaomicini/towards-logic-programming-as-a-service

http://www.slideshare.net/andreaomicini/towards-logic-programming-as-a-service

http://apice.unibo.it/xwiki/bin/view/Publications/LpaasWoa2016

http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-????/paper_?.pdf

Towards Logic Programming as a ServiceExperiments in tuProlog

Roberta Calegari Enrico Denti Stefano Mariani Andrea Omicini{roberta.calegari, enrico.denti, s.mariani, andrea.omicini}@unibo.it

Dipartimento di Informatica – Scienza e Ingegneria (DISI)Alma Mater Studiorum – Universita di Bologna

XVII Workshop “From Objects to Agents” (WOA 2016)Catania, Italy, 29 July 2016


Towards Logic Programming as a Service: Experiments in tuProlog

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