Towards a National Cloud Strategy for Kenya Connected KE · 1. Adoption of cloud computing in Kenya...
Transcript of Towards a National Cloud Strategy for Kenya Connected KE · 1. Adoption of cloud computing in Kenya...
![Page 1: Towards a National Cloud Strategy for Kenya Connected KE · 1. Adoption of cloud computing in Kenya is fairly recent. Most organizations adopted a form of cloud service either 2010/11.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060409/5f1039837e708231d4480e77/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
TowardsaNationalCloudStrategyforKenya
RANICTPworkshopMay2017
Tonny K.Omwansa,PhD@tomwansa
FocusonPublicSector
![Page 2: Towards a National Cloud Strategy for Kenya Connected KE · 1. Adoption of cloud computing in Kenya is fairly recent. Most organizations adopted a form of cloud service either 2010/11.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060409/5f1039837e708231d4480e77/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
• TwoCloudAdoptionSurveys
• DraftCloudStrategy
• Wayforward
Overview
![Page 3: Towards a National Cloud Strategy for Kenya Connected KE · 1. Adoption of cloud computing in Kenya is fairly recent. Most organizations adopted a form of cloud service either 2010/11.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060409/5f1039837e708231d4480e77/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
2013CloudStudy
![Page 4: Towards a National Cloud Strategy for Kenya Connected KE · 1. Adoption of cloud computing in Kenya is fairly recent. Most organizations adopted a form of cloud service either 2010/11.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060409/5f1039837e708231d4480e77/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
CloudStrategyTopics
•Determinantsofcloudcomputing:• Factorsthataffectcloudrelatedperformanceanditsoutcomes/impacts•Characteristics:Reliability.Agility.Usability.Sustainabilityetc•Policyandlegalframeworks.Market.Standardsetc.
•StrategiesoractionsofCloudComputingactors:• Instrumentalindeliveringtheoutcomes/impactsofthecloud•Costing.Promotion.Trainingetc.
•Outcomes/ImpactsofCloudComputing•Improvedoperationalefficiency•Enhancedmarketreach•etc
2013CloudSurvey– Design
Determinants
OutcomesStrategies
![Page 5: Towards a National Cloud Strategy for Kenya Connected KE · 1. Adoption of cloud computing in Kenya is fairly recent. Most organizations adopted a form of cloud service either 2010/11.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060409/5f1039837e708231d4480e77/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
CloudStrategyTopics
• Timelines:June2013- April2014
• Quantitative(60institutions)andQualitative(12indepthinterviews)
•Baselinereportavailableathttp://www.c4dlab.ac.ke/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/CC-study-report-April-2014.pdf
2013CloudSurvey– Output
![Page 6: Towards a National Cloud Strategy for Kenya Connected KE · 1. Adoption of cloud computing in Kenya is fairly recent. Most organizations adopted a form of cloud service either 2010/11.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060409/5f1039837e708231d4480e77/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
CloudStrategyTopics• Governance,Legalandregulatory
frameworks• Standards• Conflictresolution• Safe/FairContractTerms/Conditions• Licensing• LocationofData• Crossborderandterritorialissues• Skills&Awareness• Encouragingadoption• Vendorlocking• MarketCharacteristics(competitive
landscape/maturity)• Networkinfrastructure,applicationand
datareadiness• Governmentreadinessandrole• ServiceLevelAgreements
• Portabilityofapplications• Integrationwithlegacyenvironment• PublicCloudProcurementGuidance• Culturechange• Alignmenttogovernmentstrategies• Whatservicesshouldgotothe
public/community cloud(DecisionFrameworkforCloudMigration)
• Securityrequirements(Statutorycompliancetolaws,regulations,agencyrequirements;Datacharacteristics;Privacyandconfidentiality;Integrity-authorized,complete,andaccurate;Datacontrolsandaccesspolicies)
• Protectingsecurityyetmaximizevalue• Selectingacloudsolution• Ensuringcompetitiveness
2013CloudSurvey– Emergingtopics
![Page 7: Towards a National Cloud Strategy for Kenya Connected KE · 1. Adoption of cloud computing in Kenya is fairly recent. Most organizations adopted a form of cloud service either 2010/11.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060409/5f1039837e708231d4480e77/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
1. AdoptionofcloudcomputinginKenyaisfairlyrecent.Mostorganizationsadoptedaformofcloudserviceeither2010/11.
2. Moreorganizationsutilizedpureprivatecloud(39%)comparedtoutilizingapubliccloud(22%).
3. Thekeybarrier:– Additionalcostofinvestment– Technicalskills(security,architectureanddesign,storageandvirtualization)– Perceivedreliabilityofservice,securityandprivacyofdata– Geographicallocation
4. Lackofknowledgeofpolicy/legalframeworksforcloud(80%)– Thoseaware:“itsnotflexible,comprehensiveandeffective”
5. Majorityoftherespondents(75%)notawareofanystandards
2013CloudSurvey- KeyFindings
![Page 8: Towards a National Cloud Strategy for Kenya Connected KE · 1. Adoption of cloud computing in Kenya is fairly recent. Most organizations adopted a form of cloud service either 2010/11.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060409/5f1039837e708231d4480e77/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
6. Cloudservicesmarketwasready(90%).– Leadingconsumers:financialsector,telecommunications
7. Benefitsofcloudwereconsistentwithliterature:– costsavingsinhardware,softwareandpersonnel,– improvedsystemperformanceandmanagement,– flexibilityinaccesstoprocessingandstoragecapacity– higherelasticitydegree– etc
2013CloudSurvey- KeyFindings
![Page 9: Towards a National Cloud Strategy for Kenya Connected KE · 1. Adoption of cloud computing in Kenya is fairly recent. Most organizations adopted a form of cloud service either 2010/11.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060409/5f1039837e708231d4480e77/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
1. Anationalcloudreadinesssurveytoinformcloudstrategy2. Developinganationalcloudstrategy3. Governmenttochampionutilizationofcloudservices4. Enhancementofrelevantlegal/regulatoryframeworks
– protectionofcloudserviceusers– cybersecuritychallenges– guaranteeingsecureonlinepayments– privacyanddatasecurity– etc
5. Developmentofthehumanresourcecapacity– technicalskills,legalandbusinessprocesses
6. Enhanceawarenessofcloudtechnologies– demystifyandcirculateaccurateinformation
2013CloudSurvey- Recommendations
![Page 10: Towards a National Cloud Strategy for Kenya Connected KE · 1. Adoption of cloud computing in Kenya is fairly recent. Most organizations adopted a form of cloud service either 2010/11.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060409/5f1039837e708231d4480e77/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
2014/15CloudStudy
![Page 11: Towards a National Cloud Strategy for Kenya Connected KE · 1. Adoption of cloud computing in Kenya is fairly recent. Most organizations adopted a form of cloud service either 2010/11.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060409/5f1039837e708231d4480e77/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
1. Anin-depthstudy,focusedonpublicsector
2. Targetconsumer:ICTAuthority
3. AnchoredonICTMasterplan
4. Objective:developingaCloudstrategy
5. BasedonaSWOTanalysis
6. Datacollected:June2014toFebruary2015
7. 45in-depthinterviews(suppliers,MDACs,public,opinionshapers)
2014/5CloudSurvey- Background
![Page 12: Towards a National Cloud Strategy for Kenya Connected KE · 1. Adoption of cloud computing in Kenya is fairly recent. Most organizations adopted a form of cloud service either 2010/11.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060409/5f1039837e708231d4480e77/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
2014/5CloudSurvey- Framework
![Page 13: Towards a National Cloud Strategy for Kenya Connected KE · 1. Adoption of cloud computing in Kenya is fairly recent. Most organizations adopted a form of cloud service either 2010/11.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060409/5f1039837e708231d4480e77/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Findings- Situationalanalysis
Strengths• Leadership - Nationalleadershipunderstandsandchampionstechnology
• Launchedprojects– Severale-gov servicesamenableforthecloud
• Legal/regulatoryenvironment– Progressive(variouspolicydocuments)
• LocalInfrastructurecapabilities- Highqualitynetworks,SomegoodDCs
• Institutionalestablishments– Regulatoryandsupervisoryexist
• Policydocuments- Anumberofpolicieshavebeendevelopede.g.ICTpolicy,Nationalcybersecurity plan,ICTMasterplan etc
• Institutionalreadiness- MostinstitutionsinterviewedhaveLANs,connectivity&otherinfrastructuraldevelopmentsneededforcloud.
![Page 14: Towards a National Cloud Strategy for Kenya Connected KE · 1. Adoption of cloud computing in Kenya is fairly recent. Most organizations adopted a form of cloud service either 2010/11.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060409/5f1039837e708231d4480e77/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Findings- Situationalanalysis
Weaknesses• Governanceandchangemanagement- Weakhumancapital,traditional
mindset,resistancetochange• Serviceacquisition&funding– SLAs,fundingmechanismandprocurementlaws
aren’tallalignedtoacquisitionandmanagementofcloud• Availabilityandreliability- NetworkDependenceatCriticalHours- Provisionof
reliableaccess,round-the-clocksupport,securitylevels,highinternetspeedsareparamountissuesthatneedtobeaddressed.
• Informationassuranceanddatasecurity- AssuranceofprivacyandconfidentialityofdataandinformationinthecloudarekeyissuesthattheGovernmentmustconsiderduringcloudoffering,astheyareverysensitive.
• Legalandregulatoryissues- Thereareperceivedgapsinthelegalandpolicyframeworkssurroundingcloudcomputing,aswellasinadequateenforcementandpoliticalinterferences
![Page 15: Towards a National Cloud Strategy for Kenya Connected KE · 1. Adoption of cloud computing in Kenya is fairly recent. Most organizations adopted a form of cloud service either 2010/11.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060409/5f1039837e708231d4480e77/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Findings- Situationalanalysis
Opportunities• Governance - Reducedcosts,improvedaccessandservicedelivery.
• Accessibility&reliability- Easeofuseofaccess,improvedproductivity
• Higherflexibility&scalability- Dynamicandrapidscaleofcapacity.
• Laws&policies- Providersadherencetonational&internationallaws/policies
• Variety- ImprovedbargainingpowerofGov(abilitytoprocurefromwidevarietyofproviders,localprovidersandinternational)
• Pricing- Favorablepricingmodelsdependingonclientneeds.
• Technicalandhumancapital– Providershaveinvestedincompetentstafftosupportclientswithaccesstoupdatedtechnology.
![Page 16: Towards a National Cloud Strategy for Kenya Connected KE · 1. Adoption of cloud computing in Kenya is fairly recent. Most organizations adopted a form of cloud service either 2010/11.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060409/5f1039837e708231d4480e77/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Findings- Situationalanalysis
Threats• Governance - PossibleITstaffreduction,internalresistancetochangeand
workingpractice,longbureaucraticprocurementprocess,trust,funding.• Lackofcontrol- Controlistransferredtothecloudprovider.• Securityandprivacyconcerns- Dataprivacy,dataprotection,lossofcontrol
overdata,targettoexternalattacks,potentialmaliciousinsideractivity.• Interoperability - Integrationwithinhousesystems.• Legalandregulatoryenvironment- Lackofspecificstandardregulationon
dataprotection,userprivacyissues,SLAsetc• Technology/Infrastructure,skillsandawareness- Unpredictableperformance,
lackofsensitizationandawarenessofcloudservicesbeingoffered,lackoftechnologicalandhumancapability,reliabilityofpowersupply,lackofhighspeedinternetconnectionincertainpartsofthecountry.
• Vendorlock-in– Potentialchallengetoeasymigrationamongproviders.
![Page 17: Towards a National Cloud Strategy for Kenya Connected KE · 1. Adoption of cloud computing in Kenya is fairly recent. Most organizations adopted a form of cloud service either 2010/11.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060409/5f1039837e708231d4480e77/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
DraftCloudStrategy
![Page 18: Towards a National Cloud Strategy for Kenya Connected KE · 1. Adoption of cloud computing in Kenya is fairly recent. Most organizations adopted a form of cloud service either 2010/11.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060409/5f1039837e708231d4480e77/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Vision
• ThevisionoftheICTMasterPlanis:– KenyaasaregionalICThubandagloballycompetitivedigitaleconomy
– ThisvisioncanbetakenastheGovernment’svisionwithrespecttoICT.
• CloudStrategyVision– Deliveringvalueofe-governmentservicestostakeholdersby
exploitingcloudcomputingservices
– ValuetoGovernmentagencythatoutsources• e.g.reducedtotalcostsofownershipandbetterservicedeliveryetc
– ValuetobusinessesandcitizensthattheGovernmentagenciesserve• e.g.increasedflexibility,convenience,easeofuseofgovernmentservices,better
qualityofservicesetc
![Page 19: Towards a National Cloud Strategy for Kenya Connected KE · 1. Adoption of cloud computing in Kenya is fairly recent. Most organizations adopted a form of cloud service either 2010/11.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060409/5f1039837e708231d4480e77/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
StrategicObjective
• ThestrategicobjectiveoftheSharedServicesthemeoftheICTAuthorityStrategicPlan2013-2017is:
Tofacilitateefficientandeffectivedeliveryofgovernmentonlineservicesusingasuitablecombinationofprivateandpubliccloudcomputingofferings
• Oneofthemeansofachievingthisobjectiveis‘todevelopandimplementapublicservicecloudcomputingstrategy’.
– Theobjectiveofthiscloudstrategyis “toexpoundtheaboveSharedServicesstrategicobjectiveandguideitsimplementation.”
![Page 20: Towards a National Cloud Strategy for Kenya Connected KE · 1. Adoption of cloud computing in Kenya is fairly recent. Most organizations adopted a form of cloud service either 2010/11.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060409/5f1039837e708231d4480e77/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
DesiredState
• Manymoresharedcommodityservicesandsolutions
ArangeofsharedICTservicesandsolutionsavailableonthecloudsothegovernment,itsagenciesandrelatedbodiescanusewhattheyneed,whentheyneedit,andnotcreateduplicateservicesthatcannotbeshared.
• Scalabilityandflexibility
Theability,ifrequired,fordepartmentsandagenciestochangeinfrastructuretofittotheirneeds.
![Page 21: Towards a National Cloud Strategy for Kenya Connected KE · 1. Adoption of cloud computing in Kenya is fairly recent. Most organizations adopted a form of cloud service either 2010/11.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060409/5f1039837e708231d4480e77/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
DesiredState
• Competitivemarketplace
Arangeofserviceprovidersconstantlyimprovingthequalityandvalueofthesolutionstheyofferwhichthegovernmentcantakeadvantageof.
• Readyandeasytouse
Completesolutionsthatarealreadyassuredforsecurity,performanceandservicemanagement
![Page 22: Towards a National Cloud Strategy for Kenya Connected KE · 1. Adoption of cloud computing in Kenya is fairly recent. Most organizations adopted a form of cloud service either 2010/11.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060409/5f1039837e708231d4480e77/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
DesiredState
• Costeffectiveness
CloudcomputingwillbringdowntheunitpercostofconsumedITservicebecauseitreducescostofelectricityconsumption,lowerInfrastructurallaborcostofdistribution,andprovidesreliabilityintheeventofdisasterandBusinesscontinuity- highavailabilityandreliability
• HighscalabilityofITinvestment
Thecloudprovideson-demandaccesstosharedresourcesthatreducedupfrontcostofITinvestmentsthroughturningthefixedcapitalexpenditureinITintooperativecostsdependingbaseduponsizeofdemand
![Page 23: Towards a National Cloud Strategy for Kenya Connected KE · 1. Adoption of cloud computing in Kenya is fairly recent. Most organizations adopted a form of cloud service either 2010/11.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060409/5f1039837e708231d4480e77/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
DesiredState
• Mobility
Increasedcapacitytoworkfromanywhereandfromanydevice.
• Improvedgovernance
Greatertraceabilityofgovernmenttransactionsandservices
![Page 24: Towards a National Cloud Strategy for Kenya Connected KE · 1. Adoption of cloud computing in Kenya is fairly recent. Most organizations adopted a form of cloud service either 2010/11.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060409/5f1039837e708231d4480e77/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
GuidingPrincipals
• IncreasethespeedwithwhichICTservicesaredeployed
• Useofglobalstandardsandbestpracticestoprovidehighqualityandconsistency
• Reducingwastebyavoidingduplication,breakingdownsilosandpromotingsharingofidleresources
• Increaseprojectsuccessratesbysharingofinformationandinter-agencycollaboration
• Useofopenstandardsfordataandarchitecturetofacilitategreaterinteroperability,opennessandre-useofICTsolutions
![Page 25: Towards a National Cloud Strategy for Kenya Connected KE · 1. Adoption of cloud computing in Kenya is fairly recent. Most organizations adopted a form of cloud service either 2010/11.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060409/5f1039837e708231d4480e77/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
GuidingPrincipals
• Costconsciousness byreducingpricegovernmentpaysforassetsbyincreasingsharing&re-useofICTservices/solutions
• Promoteflexibility, convenienceandeaseofuseofgovernmentservicesbycitizens
• Agilitytohelpimprovewaygovernmentdeliversbusinesschange
• Enhancingaccountabilityandtrustbyclearlydefininginternalandproviderresponsibilitieswhilebuildingtrustintobusinessprocesses
![Page 26: Towards a National Cloud Strategy for Kenya Connected KE · 1. Adoption of cloud computing in Kenya is fairly recent. Most organizations adopted a form of cloud service either 2010/11.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060409/5f1039837e708231d4480e77/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
StrategySpecifics- SaaS
• ICTAuthoritytodesign,implementandmanageICTinfrastructuretodeliversoftwareapplicationservicestoMinistries,Departments,AgenciesandtheCountiesregardlessoftheirlocation.
• Backendactivitieswillbemanagedfromcentrallocationsinaone-to-manymodel.
• SaaS tohaveelementsofPublicandPrivate
![Page 27: Towards a National Cloud Strategy for Kenya Connected KE · 1. Adoption of cloud computing in Kenya is fairly recent. Most organizations adopted a form of cloud service either 2010/11.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060409/5f1039837e708231d4480e77/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
StrategySpecifics– SaaS (public)
• Applications,dataorprocesseswhicharepublic-facing,non-sensitive,non-confidential,non-missioncriticalorneedingsignificantfuturescalabilitytobeconsideredforpubliccloud.
• Respectiveimplementingagenciesshouldalsoconsidercomplianceandbudgetaryrequirements.
• Examples:– opendata,publicinformationrepositories,analysisofnon-sensitiveor
non-confidentialdataandfront-endelementsofonlineservicesorappsthatdonotstoresensitivedata.
![Page 28: Towards a National Cloud Strategy for Kenya Connected KE · 1. Adoption of cloud computing in Kenya is fairly recent. Most organizations adopted a form of cloud service either 2010/11.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060409/5f1039837e708231d4480e77/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
StrategySpecifics– SaaS (private)
• Applications,dataorprocesseswithcharacteristicslike:sensitive,confidentialandmissioncriticalshouldbeconsideredforprivatecloud.
• Theimplementingagencyshouldalsoconsidercompliancerequirements.
• Examples:– financialsystems,procurementplatforms,HRsystems,identitydetails,
medicalrecordsandfinancialdetails.
![Page 29: Towards a National Cloud Strategy for Kenya Connected KE · 1. Adoption of cloud computing in Kenya is fairly recent. Most organizations adopted a form of cloud service either 2010/11.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060409/5f1039837e708231d4480e77/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
StrategySpecifics- IaaS
• Governmenttoestablishinfrastructurethatcanbesharedandprovidedtootherstakeholdersasaservice.
– Thisinfrastructuretobeaccessibletootherorganizationswithingov onneedbasis
• TheGovernmentCoreConnectivityNetwork(GCCN),theNationalOpticFibre BackboneInfrastructure(NOFBI)andCountyConnectivityInfrastructure(CCI)representsthebasicinfrastructureonwhiche-governmentservicesrun.
– ThisinfrastructurecannotbeoutsourcedgiventheprivacyandconfidentialityofsomeoftheGovernmentdatasets.
– Thegovernmentwillthereforehavetoensurethatthisinfrastructureisreliableandrecruithighlyskilledpersonstosupportit.
![Page 30: Towards a National Cloud Strategy for Kenya Connected KE · 1. Adoption of cloud computing in Kenya is fairly recent. Most organizations adopted a form of cloud service either 2010/11.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060409/5f1039837e708231d4480e77/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
StrategySpecifics– IaaS strategies
General• Consolidationofthevariousconnectivityprojectsintoone
integratednetworkthatprovidesseamlessconnectivity
• Reviewthedesignofthenetworkelementsandimprovetheirscalability,reliability,securityandcost
• Outsourcecertainelementsofthenetworkinfrastructureinordertomanagescalability,effectivenessandcost.e.g.,constructionofinfrastructure,maintenanceandredundancy
• ConsolidatetheprocurementandmaintenanceofICTinfrastructure acrossthenationalgovernmentMinistries,DepartmentsandAgencies.
![Page 31: Towards a National Cloud Strategy for Kenya Connected KE · 1. Adoption of cloud computing in Kenya is fairly recent. Most organizations adopted a form of cloud service either 2010/11.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060409/5f1039837e708231d4480e77/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
StrategySpecifics– IaaS strategies
General• ReviewtheoperationofNOFBI byOrangegivenitsunacceptably
lowqualityofservice,intertwiningwithOrangeinfrastructure,openaccesstoductsandterminationpoints.
• ConsiderprovidinginfrastructureasaservicetotheCountyGovernmentsandprovidelastmileconnectivitywithappropriatetechnologies,e.g.whitespaces,Wimax,
• DevelopandretainacoreICTinfrastructureteamthathastherequisiteskillstodesign,implementandmaintainthecoreGovernmentinfrastructure.
![Page 32: Towards a National Cloud Strategy for Kenya Connected KE · 1. Adoption of cloud computing in Kenya is fairly recent. Most organizations adopted a form of cloud service either 2010/11.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060409/5f1039837e708231d4480e77/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
StrategySpecifics– IaaS strategies
Computingandstorage• BuildanetworkofdistributedGovernmentDataCentersbased
onglobalstandardsandbestpracticetoensurehighavailability.
• MigrateallexistingcriticalapplicationsthatarecurrentlyingovofficestoGovernmentownedandmanageddatacenters
• ConsolidateallGovernmentbudgetsforDCs intheshorttomediumterminordertoconsolidateandreducecosts.– beginwithasurveytoidentifywhoinGovernmenthasDCplansinthe
shorttomediumtermandbuildcaseforconsolidationandtransfertoadistributedGDCsapproach.
![Page 33: Towards a National Cloud Strategy for Kenya Connected KE · 1. Adoption of cloud computing in Kenya is fairly recent. Most organizations adopted a form of cloud service either 2010/11.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060409/5f1039837e708231d4480e77/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
StrategySpecifics– IaaS strategies
Computingandstorage• Introduceacommercializationmodel(e.g.sharingspaceand
services)inGDCstoguaranteesustainability
• Markettocriticalanchortenantswhocanusethegovernmentcloudinfrastructureasaservicee.g.KRA,CBK,KPLC
• ForallGDCs,outsourceallnon-coreelements,especiallypowerandbackupsystems,coolingandHVACtolocalqualifiedcompanies.
• BuildcapacityinGovernmentfordatacentrepersonnel– IntroduceaDCcareerpaththatensuresthatDCprofessionalscangrowto
thetopinatechnicalcareer
![Page 34: Towards a National Cloud Strategy for Kenya Connected KE · 1. Adoption of cloud computing in Kenya is fairly recent. Most organizations adopted a form of cloud service either 2010/11.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060409/5f1039837e708231d4480e77/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
StrategySpecifics– IaaS strategies
Disasterrecoveryandbusinesscontinuity• Formissioncriticalapplicationshighavailabilitymustbe
guaranteed.Itisthereforenecessarytoruntheapplicationsinactive-activemodeintwodatacentres
• Fornon-missioncriticalapplications,anactive-passiveapproachacrosstwodatacentres butwithclearrestoretargetsisrecommended
• Fordisasterrecovery,primaryandsecondarysitesshouldbeseparatedbyaminimumdistanceasperglobalbestpractice
![Page 35: Towards a National Cloud Strategy for Kenya Connected KE · 1. Adoption of cloud computing in Kenya is fairly recent. Most organizations adopted a form of cloud service either 2010/11.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060409/5f1039837e708231d4480e77/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
StrategySpecifics- PaaS
• PaaS enablesgovernmenttoprovidetoolsondemandthatenablesubscriberstodevelopnewapplicationsorservices.Thecloudbasedapplicationdevelopmenttoolsalsoenabletesting,deployment,collaboration,hostingandmaintenanceofdevelopedsolutions.
• ExamplesofplatformsthatcanbedeployedasaserviceincludeContentManagementSystems(CMS),SpatialDataInfrastructure(SDI),DataWarehousesandOpenDataplatforms.
//MoreworktobedoneonPaaS
![Page 36: Towards a National Cloud Strategy for Kenya Connected KE · 1. Adoption of cloud computing in Kenya is fairly recent. Most organizations adopted a form of cloud service either 2010/11.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060409/5f1039837e708231d4480e77/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
StrategyImplementation– Keyissues
1. PolicyRecommendations
2. StrategicProjects
3. Funding
4. Standards
5. GovernanceStructure
6. ChangeManagement
7. CriticalSuccessFactors
8. RisksandMitigationStrategies
9. MonitoringandEvaluation
![Page 37: Towards a National Cloud Strategy for Kenya Connected KE · 1. Adoption of cloud computing in Kenya is fairly recent. Most organizations adopted a form of cloud service either 2010/11.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060409/5f1039837e708231d4480e77/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
StrategyImplementation– Keyissues
PolicyRecommendations• ConsolidationofnetworkinfrastructureandDCbudgetsinMDAs• Consolidationofmissioncriticalapplicationshostedinhigh
availabilityenvironmentandinDCsdesignedtoglobalstandards• Nodevelopmentanddeploymentofsilosystems- Thesystems
developedorprocuredbyMDAsshould:– begeneric– bestandards-based– shareinfrastructure,includingstorage,networklinksandinformation
withoutduplication– beintegratedwithothersystemsaccordingtoaguideline(operation
manual)tobedevelopedbyICTA
![Page 38: Towards a National Cloud Strategy for Kenya Connected KE · 1. Adoption of cloud computing in Kenya is fairly recent. Most organizations adopted a form of cloud service either 2010/11.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060409/5f1039837e708231d4480e77/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
StrategyImplementation– Keyissues
StrategicProjectsCategory Project Timeframe
GDCs Upgrade GDC Ruaraka 6 months
Implement a containerized DC 12 months
Complete Naivasha DC 18 months
Build a Tier 4 DC 2-3 years
Build other DCs to achieve distributed network of DCs > 3 years
Network Infrst Complete NOC to manage infrastructure 6 months
Re-design GCCN and on-board key clients 6 months
Fast-track NOFBI phase 2 implementation 24 months
Fast-track CCP phase 2 and ensure all key county offices are connected 15 months
Applications Implement Government Enterprise Architecture to facilitate integration 6 months
Migrate applications designated for public cloud 12 months
Legal/Regulatory fwrk Review legal frameworks for procuring cloud services 12 months
Review regulatory framework (consumer privacy, confidentiality, etc.) 12 months
Review data protection legislation 12 months
![Page 39: Towards a National Cloud Strategy for Kenya Connected KE · 1. Adoption of cloud computing in Kenya is fairly recent. Most organizations adopted a form of cloud service either 2010/11.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060409/5f1039837e708231d4480e77/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
StrategyImplementation– Keyissues
FundingSources• Government
TheNationalGovernmentwillconsolidateallICTbudgetsinMDsinthelineMinistry(MoICT).
• AgenciesandCountyGovernmentsACstofundspecificaspectsofcloudcomputinginconsultationwiththeICTAuthorityandpayforsomeofthesharedservicesthattheyneedandareavailableinaGovernmentprivatecloud.
![Page 40: Towards a National Cloud Strategy for Kenya Connected KE · 1. Adoption of cloud computing in Kenya is fairly recent. Most organizations adopted a form of cloud service either 2010/11.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060409/5f1039837e708231d4480e77/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
StrategyImplementation– Keyissues
FundingSources• PrivateSector
DevelopmentofsuitableincentivesandtaxbreakstoprivatesectorbothwithinandoutsidetheICTsectortofundsomeofthecloudcomputingprojects.– Incentivesmayinclude:DevelopmentofSpecialPurposeVehicles/Private
SectorConsortiumsandwaiversoncertainlevies,licensingfees,taxincentivesandtaxbreaks.
• DevelopmentPartnersKenyawill;leverageonherfundingprioritieswhenapproachingdevelopmentpartners(bi-lateral,multi-lateralorotherdevelopmentpartners)whohaveICTatthetopoftheirsupportpriorityliststofundsomeofthecloudcomputingprojects.
![Page 41: Towards a National Cloud Strategy for Kenya Connected KE · 1. Adoption of cloud computing in Kenya is fairly recent. Most organizations adopted a form of cloud service either 2010/11.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060409/5f1039837e708231d4480e77/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
StrategyImplementation– Keyissues
StandardsGlobalstandardsexistsuchas– ISO/IECJTC1/SC38(standardizationofCloudComputingandDistributed
Platforms)– ISO27018:2014(codeofpracticerevolvingaroundtheprotectionof
PersonallyIdentifiableInformation(PII)inpublicclouds)– COBIT(governanceandmanagementbybridgingthegapbetweencontrol
requirements,technicalissuesandbusinessrisks)– ICTAhasbeenworkingonasetofguidingstandards
• TheKenyanGovernmentshouldthereforeensurethatitadoptsglobalpracticespriortotheadoptionanddevelopmentofcloudservices.
![Page 42: Towards a National Cloud Strategy for Kenya Connected KE · 1. Adoption of cloud computing in Kenya is fairly recent. Most organizations adopted a form of cloud service either 2010/11.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060409/5f1039837e708231d4480e77/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
StrategyImplementation– Keyissues
GovernanceStructure• GovernancestructureinNationalICTMasterPlanshallbeused• Strengtheningneededparticularlyon:
– Whomakesdecisiononaddingcloudservicesandhowwillitbefunded;– HowITresourcesareallocatedandscheduled;– Whowillberesponsibleformanagingthecloudserviceproviderandhow
cloudservicesbemanagedandcontrolled.
• Cloudgovernancestructuresforconsiderationandcustomization:– TheUSFederalCloudComputingInitiativeGovernanceStructure– GovernmentofCanadaITServicesGovernanceStructure– Scheper’s CloudGovernanceModel– Guo’s CloudGovernanceModel– MicrosoftCloudGovernanceModel
![Page 43: Towards a National Cloud Strategy for Kenya Connected KE · 1. Adoption of cloud computing in Kenya is fairly recent. Most organizations adopted a form of cloud service either 2010/11.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060409/5f1039837e708231d4480e77/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
StrategyImplementation– Keyissues
ChangeManagement• Someareasneedingmanagement:• Changestoorganizationalprocesses:
– Staffshouldbeprepared.Changesintheprocessesaffectingmanyaspectslikedailyoperations,rolesandresponsibilities.
• Stakeholderengagement:– Astakeholderengagementplan.Activelykeepstakeholdersupdated.
• Training:– Includingbutnotlimitedtolegal,technical,businessanalysis,systems
architecture,changemanagement,vendormanagementandgovernance.
• Awareness:– Allbemadeawareofnewapproach,challengesandanticipatedbenefits.
![Page 44: Towards a National Cloud Strategy for Kenya Connected KE · 1. Adoption of cloud computing in Kenya is fairly recent. Most organizations adopted a form of cloud service either 2010/11.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060409/5f1039837e708231d4480e77/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
StrategyImplementation– Keyissues
CriticalSuccessFactors– Sevenkey1. DevelopingacompetentsupportteaminGovforCC2. Operationalization oftheGovernanceStructureintheNational
ICTMasterPlan(CabinetSteeringCommitteeChairedbyHEthePresident)
3. Managingchangewithingov andgeneralpublic4. Legal/regulatoryframeworkstoencourage&supportCC
adoption
5. AvailableandreliableGovernmentICTinfrastructure
6. Funding,especiallyforscalingandrecurrentexpenditure
7. ActiveengagementandparticipationofCountyGovernments
![Page 45: Towards a National Cloud Strategy for Kenya Connected KE · 1. Adoption of cloud computing in Kenya is fairly recent. Most organizations adopted a form of cloud service either 2010/11.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060409/5f1039837e708231d4480e77/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
StrategyImplementation– Keyissues
RisksandMitigationStrategies
Risks Mitigation Strategies
1 Resistance to change Implement a change management program with key elements mentioned above
2 Inappropriate procurement legislation
Amendment of the procurement legislation to allow for procurement and scaling of cloud services
3 Insufficient or inadequate legal and regulatory environment
Strengthen the legal and regulatory environment to support the new paradigm
4 Lack of funding to support new set ups and additional costs of utilizing public cloud
Consolidation of cloud focused budgets by different MDAs
![Page 46: Towards a National Cloud Strategy for Kenya Connected KE · 1. Adoption of cloud computing in Kenya is fairly recent. Most organizations adopted a form of cloud service either 2010/11.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060409/5f1039837e708231d4480e77/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
StrategyImplementation– Keyissues
RisksandMitigationStrategies
Risks Mitigation Strategies
5 Poor quality services, including unavailability of services due to threats like cyber attacks, distributed denial of service attacks and system failures, loss of data security and protection because of the off-premise characteristics of third party providers, etc.
● Professional due diligence of service providers
● Establishment and enforcement of comprehensive contractual agreements with relevant consequences of liabilities
● Enforce strict SLAs and monitor them closely
● Clustering, replication and disaster recovery solutions to achieve the necessary reliability.
![Page 47: Towards a National Cloud Strategy for Kenya Connected KE · 1. Adoption of cloud computing in Kenya is fairly recent. Most organizations adopted a form of cloud service either 2010/11.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060409/5f1039837e708231d4480e77/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
StrategyImplementation– Keyissues
RisksandMitigationStrategies
Risks Mitigation Strategies
6 Loss of privacy and data assurance due to aspects like breaches, access, ownership and storage location
● Establishment and enforcement of comprehensive contractual agreements with relevant consequences of liabilities
● Standards enforcement and audit controls measures
● Privacy and security laws enforcement ● For public cloud, ensure understanding
of applicable laws.● Appropriate exit strategies
7 Lack of pricing clarity in variety of costs
Transparent contractual agreements drafted and managed by qualified persons.
8 Unavailability of relevant skills Develop appropriate capacity building and career progression programs
![Page 48: Towards a National Cloud Strategy for Kenya Connected KE · 1. Adoption of cloud computing in Kenya is fairly recent. Most organizations adopted a form of cloud service either 2010/11.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060409/5f1039837e708231d4480e77/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
StrategyImplementation– Keyissues
MonitoringandEvaluation• M&EofperformanceshallbetheresponsibilitytheShared
ServicesDirectoratICTAuthority.
• ThisDirectorwillmonitortheimplementationofthestrategyonaquarterlybasisandreporttotheICTAuthorityCEO,theICTABoardandotherrelevantunitsinGovernment.
![Page 49: Towards a National Cloud Strategy for Kenya Connected KE · 1. Adoption of cloud computing in Kenya is fairly recent. Most organizations adopted a form of cloud service either 2010/11.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060409/5f1039837e708231d4480e77/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Nextsteps…
Stakeholderengagements
Revisions
Adoption
@tomwansa