Toward  a  Pan-­‐Pacific  Strategy  to  Decrease  Vulnerability  to  the  Effects  of  Climate  Change  

 

Prepared  for  the  Ocean  Conservancy    

By  Lara  Hansen,  Jennie  Hoffman    and  Eric  Mielbrecht  

October  2008  

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TOWARD A PAN-PACIFIC STRATEGY TO DECREASE VULNERABILITY TO THE EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE Created for Ocean Conservancy by EcoAdapt (Lara Hansen, Jennie Hoffman & Eric Mielbrecht)

Table of Contents Background/Introduction to the Project .................................................................................................. 2

The Need for Adaptation Action .......................................................................................................... 2 Section One: The Players ......................................................................................................................... 3

Governmental Organizations ............................................................................................................... 3 Non-Governmental and Intergovernmental Organizations................................................................... 5 Funders ............................................................................................................................................... 7 Section Two: Case Studies Adaptation Overview.................................................................................. 8 Southern Pacific................................................................................................................................... 9

Kimbe Bay Resilient Marine Protected Areas Network ..................................................................... 9 Australia Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority Climate Change Action Plan ............................ 11 Community-based Adaptation Planning in Fiji ................................................................................ 13

Northeast Pacific ............................................................................................................................... 14 United States Pacific Coast Cooperation: Washington, Oregon and California ................................ 14 Community Conservation of Sea Turtles in Costa Rica .................................................................... 15 Bering Sea Fisheries Building Climate Change into Their Planning .................................................. 16

North Central Pacific.......................................................................................................................... 19 Mainstreaming Climate Change Adaptation in Micronesia ............................................................. 19 Early Warning Systems for Pacific Islands....................................................................................... 21

Pacific Ocean and East Asian Seas...................................................................................................... 23 Mangrove Restoration in Vietnam ................................................................................................. 23 Climate Farmer Field Schools in Indonesia ..................................................................................... 25 Agent-based Modeling in the Philippines ....................................................................................... 26

Section 3: Building a Plan for the Pacific ................................................................................................ 28 Literature Cited ..................................................................................................................................... 30 Appendix A: The Players .......................................................................................................................A-1 Appendix B: Existing guidance resources ..............................................................................................B-1

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Background/Introduction to the Project Developing an adaptation strategy for a region as enormous and variable as the Pacific is no small task. The ecological, political, climatic and socioeconomic realities throughout the region contain all of the extremes that can be found on the planet. Countries around the Pacific have tended to form coalitions along sociocultural lines—Pacific Island nations, Latin America, or the Arctic, for instance. Yet all are bound together by the Pacific Ocean, whose climate systems, currents, and species cross the boundaries of these traditional human groupings. Indeed, some species annually migrate the length or breadth of this vast ocean. The complexity of climate change and its combined effects on human and natural systems in many ways provides an opportunity for governments, organizations, and individuals across this region to join together to develop a shared solution. The goal of this paper is four-fold:

1. Identify those organizations or individuals who have taken action on climate change adaptation around the Pacific Rim, who have expressed an interest in taking action, and government agencies that are likely to be required to address the problem.

2. Outline general approaches to reducing vulnerability to climate change. 3. Present select case studies of adaptation that have been taken already around the

Pacific Rim. 4. Integrate the case studies and general adaptation principle into a broader approach to

adaptation that can be used as a framework to develop an adaptation strategy for a pan-Pacific coalition.

The Need for Adaptation Action Even if the world were to halt all anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases today, it would take several centuries for the climate and ocean chemistry to stabilize, and even longer for sea level rise to slow. This reality makes clear that while minimizing the rate and extent of climate change is still essential, so too is minimizing the vulnerability of human and natural communities to climate change. We have unfortunately waited far too long for action on mitigation alone to be sufficient1. Successful responses to climate change will therefore require that we deal with both the causes and effects of climate change. This suite of activities is commonly referred to as mitigation (reducing greenhouse gas emissions) and adaptation (minimizing the negative effects of climate change on human and natural systems). Adaptation cannot be successful without mitigation as society cannot effectively continue to respond to unchecked climate change. 1 Hansen, J. 2008. Global Warming Twenty Years Later: Tipping Points Near. Address to the National Press Club and Briefing to the House Select Committee on Energy Independence & Global Warming. http://www.columbia.edu/~jeh1/2008/TwentyYearsLater_20080623.pdf

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There is insufficient adaptive capacity for most systems to deal with the kind of change that is predicted under business as usual scenarios, and certainly not with any substantial abrupt climate change. The threats climate change poses to the Pacific have been reviewed in a number of documents, notably the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report and an increasing number of vulnerability assessments around the region [e.g. National Communications to the UNFCCC; Ellison 2001 for Fiji’s mangroves; Abuodha and Woodroffe 2006 for Australia’s coast),]. This document focuses on responses to existing and anticipated threats. It is not intended to be a comprehensive treatise on adaptation; such resources are available elsewhere (see Appendix B). This document instead is intended to illustrate how adaptation has played out on the ground around the Pacific. In presenting case histories of actual adaptation projects we hope to motivate more players to move beyond planning into implementation. Adaptation can and does take place at many levels: household, community, business, nation, region, or globe. And it can take place in many ways: as the end product of intensive planning based on the latest scientific models, as an ad hoc activity an individual does independently, and anything in between. In some cases, traditional activities and customs requiring little or no capital investment provide the best choice for local adaptation. In other cases effective adaptation may require new technologies and approaches that depend on an influx of outside funding. Regardless of what approach is taken, the most important element of adaptation is simply that it happen. To paraphrase Hay et al (2005), just as today’s development and natural resource management decisions will influence tomorrow’s climate, so too will tomorrow’s climate influence the success of today’s development and natural resource management. The time to act is now.

Section One: The Players Appendix A contains a list of the organizations (governmental, non-governmental, community, industry) and individuals who are likely to be key players in developing and implementing a climate change adaptation coalition for the Pacific Rim and Islands. These organizations either have already engaged in some level of adaptation planning or activity, or have the responsibility to do so. The appendix is presented by geography, starting in the north Pacific and moving south, with regional and global organizations listed separately. In the section below, we highlight a few players that are particularly important. Governmental Organizations The level of national commitment to responding to and preventing anthropogenic climate change varies, as does the types of activities being undertaken. The extremes run from countries like the United States, where there is virtually no federal action, but nascent state and regional action, to Australia, where there is a federal plan with initial implementation on both adaptation and mitigation, to a country like Tuvalu where the effects of climate change are so

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pronounced that the country is developing a “Plan B.” Relationships between national and state governments also vary across the region, as does the ability of various government agencies to enact and enforce policies. In the United States for example, each state has its own set of agencies distinct from federal agencies, while in Mexico, state authority is generally through state offices of federal institutions. There are also regional actions by local or national governments across borders. North America has the Western Climate Initiative, which focuses on mitigation but provides a framework from which activities that do explicitly address adaptation, such as the West Coast Governors’ Agreement on Ocean Health, can spring. On a more ad hoc basis there is the ICLEI-Local Governments for Sustainability (ICLEI) “Cities for Climate Protection” project, which also is not explicit in its adaptation engagement but it does include in its aims to “enhance urban livability and sustainability.” This effort is global in scope with numerous cities around the Pacific, including in Australia, Canada, Japan, Latin America, Mexico, New Zealand, South Asia, Southeast Asia, and the United States. Additionally ICLEI was the publisher of a guide for local adaptation planning (Snover et al. 2007). Adaptation-oriented cross-border efforts include the work of the Association of Small Island States (AOSIS)2. AOSIS represents its members and their interests regarding vulnerability to climate change within the United Nations system, including UNFCCC negotiations, and they have a keen interest in adaptation. We provide below examples of three governmental agencies, chosen to illustrate different types of governmental resources. United Kingdom Met Office The United Kingdom’s Met Office is one of the world’s premier meteorological services, and home to the Hadley Centre, one of the top climate change research and modeling centers in the world. Although it does not focus on adaptation, it has a strong focus on building climatological and meteorological capacity around the globe to support vulnerability assessment and adaptation planning. Researchers at the Hadley Center developed the Providing REgional Climates for Impacts Studies (PRECIS) climate modeling system, designed to make high-resolution regional climate scenarios easily available around the world. The system is freely available, and trainings have been provided around the globe. The trainings go well beyond simply how to use the PRECIS software, covering issues such as constructing and validating climate models in general. The workshops are designed to facilitate implementation of on-the-ground projects by participants, and to develop networks to provide on-going support. Regional Integrated Sciences and Assessments (RISA) program The U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) established the RISA program in the mid-1990s to help tighten the link between climate science and society, both by sharing climate science with stakeholders in a useful way, and by generating more stakeholder- 2 AOSIS Pacific members are the Cook Islands, Fiji, the Federated States of Micronesia, Kiribati, the Marshall Islands, Nauru, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu and Vanuatu, with two U.S. territories (Guam and American Samoa) as observers

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driven climate science. The program has nine regional teams throughout the United States and associated territories, with four in the Pacific (see Table 1). While most centers are based at universities, there are active partners in governmental agencies, NGOs, and the private sector as well. The goal of establishing regional centers is to build strong relations between RISA teams and local and regional stakeholders, and to generate stakeholder-responsive research. Each RISA program has some latitude in its choice of focus, but the overall focus of the program has been generally been water resources, wildfires, fisheries, and agriculture. The centers in Alaska, Washington, and Hawaii all include coastal impacts as a current area of research. In 2004-2005, Pacific RISA team members from the East-West Center, the University of Hawaii, the National Weather Service Climate Services, and the Pacific ENSO Applications Climate Center held workshops on climate variability and change in each of the U.S. Pacific Island jurisdictions (American Samoa, the Republic of the Marshall Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia, Guam, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and the Republic of Palau). RISA States/Areas Covered URL Current Areas of Research Alaska Center for Climate Assessment and Policy (ACCAP)

Alaska and the U.S. Arctic http://www.uaf.edu/accap/ Water resource management, transportation

California Applications Program (CAP)

California and Nevada http://meteora.ucsd.edu/cap/ Water resource management, forest fires, snowpack, human health

Climate Impacts Group (CIG)

Washington, Oregon, Idaho http://www.cses.washington.edu/cig/ Water resource management, forestry, snowpack, fish, coastal impacts

Pacific RISA Hawaii, Marshall Islands, Northern Mariana Islands, Guam, Micronesia, Palau, American Samoa

http://www.pacificrisa.org Water resources management, coastal impacts, disaster risk management

Table 1. RISA centers in the Pacific California Climate Change Portal The California Climate Change Portal provides an example of what a very active State-level climate change program can accomplish. Established by the California Energy Commission’s Public Interest Energy Research Program, it provides a central location where users from across the State can access research and information on California and climate change. The Portal provides easy access to relevant State publications, laws, and executive orders, and has links to all climate change-related State Agencies. The State has adaptation working groups focused on a wide array of sectors, including Biodiversity and Habitat, Infrastructure, Public Health, Oceans and Coastal Resources, Water, and Working Landscapes (forestry and agriculture). In large or far-flung jurisdictions, the presence of web site such as this facilitates cross-sector up-take and coordination of climate-related actions. Non-Governmental and Intergovernmental Organizations There is an array of non-governmental organizations working on climate change in the region, everything from regional groups like the South Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP), which coordinates science, communications, and policy activities, to the Bishop Museum in Hawaii which is working on a vulnerability assessment of Melanesia to WWF

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working with communities in Fiji on adaptation strategies relating to coral bleaching, sea level rise and altered precipitation patterns. There is also substantial interest from development, humanitarian, and disaster relief NGOs, including the International Red Cross/Red Crescent Societies, Tearfund, CARE, and OxFam, and adaptation to climate change is receiving increasing attention in a number of multilateral agreements, including Western Hemisphere Migratory Species Initiative the Convention on Biodiversity, and the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. There are private or economic sectors with strong interests regarding climate change planning that could prove to be a useful element of a pan-Pacific plan on adaptation. Economic sectors to be considered include fisheries, tourism, shipping, oil and gas, agriculture, forestry, development and insurance. One example is the fisheries industry in the northeast Pacific which is currently engaging on the issue of ocean acidification because they see that shellfish, and perhaps all fish, are vulnerable to climate change–related ocean acidification. Below we highlight a few key non-governmental or intergovernmental organizations. WeAdapt A number of organizations and consortia are experimenting with on-line communities where users can share and discuss experiences, data, and resources related to climate change adaptation. Most such communities are still in their early stages, but one good example is WeAdapt (http://www.weadapt.org/). WeAdapt is designed to provide access to data, tools, and guidance to support climate change adaptation, and hosts an adaptation wiki, a library of guidance documents, and a variety of prototype tools such as Climate Change Explorer which allows users to identify and work with existing policy-relevant climate change data and models. They are currently working to develop a Climate Adaptation Decision Explorer (ADx), and in concert with Google Earth, EcoAdapt, and the State of California are piloting a California-centered adaptation support tool. Pacific Islands Applied Geoscience Commission (SOPAC) SOPAC has 20 member countries, including 18 Pacific island countries and territories3 as well as Australia and New Zealand. The Secretariat is based in Suva, Fiji. Originally formed by the UN to promote offshore mineral and petroleum prospecting as a means of reducing poverty, SOPAC became independently funded by member countries, donor countries, and international agencies in 19844. Although still focused on poverty reduction and geological sciences, SOPAC is now geared towards sustainable resource development and vulnerability reduction. It has three operational programs (Ocean and Islands; Community Risk, and Community Lifelines) and provides a range of capacity-building, technical and field services upon request from member

3 Cook Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, Guam, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Nauru, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu and Vanuatu. American Samoa, French Polynesia and New Caledonia 4 Donors include Australia, Fiji, Canada, France, Ireland, Japan, New Zealand, the Office of US Foreign Disaster Assistance, Taiwan, the United Kingdom, the Commonwealth Secretariat, the European Union, and certain UN agencies.

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countries. It maintains an information technology unit and provides publication and library services. South Pacific Regional Environmental Program (SPREP) Originally a small program attached to the Secretariat of the Pacific Community, SPREP was established as an intergovernmental organization in 1993 by its 25 member states and territories. The three focus areas identified in SPREP’s 2005 – 2009 Action Plan are Natural Resources Management, Pollution Prevention, and Climate Change, Climate Variability, Sea Level Rise and Stratospheric Ozone Depletion. SPREP is charged with developing the Action Plan to implement Pacific Islands Framework for Action on Climate Change (PIFACC) 2006-2015, as well as with monitoring and updating the Pacific Islands Regional Framework for Climate Change, Climate Variability and Sea Level Rise. It is also the lead on the GEF-funded US$82.4 million Pacific Islands Adaptation to Climate Change Project (PACC). PACC’s efforts to implement long term adaptation measures will focus on water resources management, food production and security, and coastal zone and associated infrastructure. In contrast to SOPAC, has played major role in supporting international negotiations with UNFCCC. SysTem for Analysis, Research and Training (START) Headquartered in Washington, DC, the International START Secretariat and its regional hubs foster networks of scientists, agencies, and institutions to “conduct research on regional aspects of environmental change, assess impacts and vulnerabilities to such changes, and provide information to policy makers” (START, 2008). START is sponsored by a group of organizations including International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP), the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP), the International Human Dimensions Programme on global environmental change (IHDP), and DIVERSITAS. It has a strong commitment to building capacity in developing countries, and hosts a project on “Assessments of Impacts and Adaptations to Climate Change (AIACC)” that funds collaborative research, training, and technical support around the world. There are regional START secretariats in Africa, East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Oceania. Funders Multilateral and Bilateral Funding Sources The Global Environment Facility (GEF) and its implementing agencies5 manage an array of funds, and have placed considerable emphasis on adaptation. Relevant funds include the Least Developed Countries Fund (LDCF), the Special Climate Change Fund (SCCF), and the GEF Trust Fund and its Strategic Priority on Adaptation. The Adaptation Fund under the Kyoto Protocol, currently under the trusteeship of the World Bank, will ultimately be managed by an Adaptation Fund Board made up of 16 members and 16 alternates representing 32 countries. All these funds operate at the national or regional level. GEF also manages a Small Grants Programme (SGP) which is geared towards communities and local NGOs. The relative 5 United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), and the World Bank Group).

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effectiveness of GEF funding has received considerable scrutiny from a variety of researchers, NGOs, and governments, particularly in developing countries, and it was concerns about GEF-managed funds that led to the creation of the Adaptation Fund Board. Morita (2007) found that the SGP “is a better system to promote community-level adaptation activities than that of national and regional programmes, in terms of cost-efficiency, transparency, stakeholder participation and rather equity.” Many multilateral development banks and organizations have funded adaptation projects around the Pacific. The most instrumental funders in this group, all executing agencies of the GEF, include the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), and the Food and Agricultural Organization of the UN (FAO). Most bilateral development agencies are also providing some funding for climate change adaptation in countries around the Pacific. The major bilateral agencies to date are the Australian Agency for International Development (AusAID), the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA), the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), and the Department for International Development (DFID). AusAID has committed AU$150 million over the next three years to support adaptation primarily in vulnerable “neighboring island countries6.” The primary focus of AusAID’s work tends to be more on freshwater resource management than marine issues. Foundations There is also a newly awakening interest by the foundation community on the issue of climate change and the Pacific. The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation has been funding work on vulnerability assessments in Melanesia and Southeast Asia with an eye toward eventually developing adaptation strategies from those findings. The David and Lucile Packard Foundation was one of the funders of the Kimbe Bay, Papua New Guinea case study outlined below.

Section Two: Case Studies Adaptation Overview Adaptation is based on a few basic concepts: protecting adequate and appropriate space, limiting non-climate stressors and implementing adaptation actions early, holistically, widely and in an adaptive way (Hansen et al. 2003). A number of organizations and individuals have created guidelines for adaptation (see Appendix B for many examples). In the end they get at the same set of actions but with different emphases and from different perspectives. International organizations tend to take more of a science-driven, top-down approach, while local initiatives are typically bottom-up, driven by people’s observations, values, and concerns. Adaptation strategies that develop organically with relevant stakeholders are generally more successful and long-lasting than those driven by outside donors or concerns. Climate change 6 For more details on this program: http://www.ausaid.gov.au/keyaid/adaptation.cfm

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adaptation is a long-term commitment to doing work differently as the climate continues to change for the next several generations. Therefore it is critical that the analysis, approaches and implementation be done in cooperation with the communities, governments, organizations and companies that will be carry the work forward.

The following case studies are used to highlight the key features that will be required in a pan-Pacific adaptation strategy to prepare for climate change.

Southern Pacific Kimbe Bay Resilient Marine Protected Areas Network In 2004, The Nature Conservancy and the government of West New Britain, Papua New Guinea began a coordinated process to develop a network of marine protected areas (MPAs) that would be resilient to climate change. Located in the Coral Triangle, the global center of coral biodiversity, this site was selected owing to beneficial biophysical and socioeconomic features, including dramatic topography and bathymetry, diverse habitat representation and high biodiversity, low marine resource use, cultural identity with ocean and local conservation commitment, nascent tourist interest, and terrestrial stress with local awareness of their marine impacts. Despite the advantage of beneficial features making this a site where resilience might be naturally higher, the approaches employed and lessons learned are transferable to the broader Pacific.

Figure 1. Location of Kimbe Bay (Courtesy of TNC) This project attempts to explicitly build an MPA network that is resilient to climate change by incorporating four adaptation principles: spreading risk through representation and replication, prioritizing protection of sites of high conservation value (e.g. fish spawning locations, turtle nesting beaches, nursery areas), supporting connectivity and developing effective management.

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Scientific design of this MPA network was achieved through use of Marxan7. Based on existing survey data and economic value (positive and negative) the most effective and economical options were identified, then integrated to create a final approach (Figure 2).

Figure 2. Scientific design of an MPA network for Kimbe Bay (Green et al. 2007, Courtesy of TNC) In order to implement such a plan in Kimbe Bay it was essential to engage local stakeholders. Papua New Guinea, like many Pacific island cultures, has traditional land and marine tenure systems, in which local communities have ownership of local resources. To properly engage in such a system several components were key, including local NGO participation from Mahonia Na Dari (“Guardians of the Sea”) and the inclusion of locally managed marine areas (LLMAs) which exist throughout the Pacific. The LLMA process (Lipsett-Moore 2006) involves several steps to gain community commitment. The communities need to be engaged, help in the “visioning” process, and participate in the conservation plan development and implementation. 7 Available for download at http://www.uq.edu.au/marxan/index.html?p=1.1.1 Ball, I. R. and H. P. Possingham. 2000. MARXAN (V1.8.2): Marine Reserve Design Using Spatially Explicit Annealing, a Manual Possingham, H. P., I. R. Ball and S. Andelman. 2000. Mathematical methods for identifying representative reserve networks. In: S. Ferson and M. Burgman (Eds.) Quantitative methods for conservation biology. Springer-Verlag, New York, pp. 291-305

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This process is analogous to the process that needs to be undertaken to implement effective adaptation at any scale anywhere. Key aspects of this work have been: local engagement, use of available adaptation approaches and climate vulnerability knowledge to make present day decisions, and planning ahead for implementation. One area for improvement would be to assess whether areas that are not priorities based on current conditions might become priorities in the near to long-term as a consequence of climatic or other changes. Australia Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority Climate Change Action Plan Australia has strong governmental engagement on climate change. The Australia Government Department of Climate Change was established in 2007 and has been charged with reducing greenhouse pollution while also planning, through its National Climate Change Adaptation Programme and other activities, for the climate change that cannot be avoided. There are many examples of natural resource management strategy and policy modifications that have been supported by environmental and socioeconomic research and stakeholder involvement, such as Adaptation to Climate Change in Regional NRM Plans8, a guidance document developed to support the Guidelines for Regional Natural Resource Management (NRM) Planning in Queensland, or the National Biodiversity and Climate Change Action Plan 2004 – 20079, which requires all jurisdictions to identify potential climate change effects and elaborate conservation strategies. This case study will focus on climate change adaptation actions in the management of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park as examples that may be translatable to other Pacific regions. Australia is farther along in analyzing coastal and marine climate change impacts, vulnerabilities, and implementing adaptation strategies than most Pacific Ocean nations. Coral bleaching had occurred in Australia’s Great Barrier Reef several times before the 1998 and 2002 mass bleaching events, but it is these events that brought the effects of climate change on sensitive marine ecosystems to the forefront (Fabricius et al. 2007). In 2007, the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority released its Climate Change Action Plan 2007-2012 (Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority 2007a) and has in place a comprehensive coral bleaching response plan (Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority 2007b). Both these plans implement a wide range of climate adaptation strategies developed across agencies and institutions that can help build and maintain resilience in marine systems and the socioeconomic systems that depend on them. The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority Climate Change Action Plan centers on four objectives of which three are strong universal adaptation strategies. The first objective is 8 Available at http://www.regionalnrm.qld.gov.au/policies_plans_legislation/planning_guidance_docs/climate_change.pdf 9 See http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/publications/nbccap/ for further information

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Targeted Science and emphasizes the need for robust information that addresses critical knowledge gaps in climate change impacts, reveals ecological thresholds, improves monitoring, develops predictability, evaluates strategies, and that can help translate understanding into active management responses. While climate change adaptation strategies are developed for regions not as information-rich as the Great Barrier Reef, this specific emphasis on information gathering and synthesis is an important step in developing appropriate adaptation strategies. The second objective, A Resilient Great Barrier Reef Ecosystem, introduces the vital strategy of maintaining and building resilience in vulnerable systems. Maximizing the resilience of the GBR ecosystem includes reducing local stressors (i.e. water quality threats, physical damage, human disturbance or coastal development), protecting adequate and appropriate spaces (i.e. transition or alternate habitats zones allowing distribution and abundance shifts), and maintaining key functional groups in the ecosystem (i.e. herbivores in coral systems). Adapting existing management activities to consider climate change should invoke the precautionary principal. Climate change will modulate the magnitude of existing local stressor impacts and the effectiveness of existing management responses in sometimes unpredictable ways. Considering climate change in past and future management strategies is essential. Climate change impacts may also be minimized by event triggered management response. The Great Barrier Reef Coral Bleaching Response Plan (Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority 2007b) was developed to establish routine tasks such as an early warning system, and responsive tasks such as bleaching monitoring, communication, and use restriction responses. Objective three, Adaptation of Industries and Communities, considers socioeconomic resilience. The ecosystem services of the Great Barrier Reef underpin AU$6.9 billion of economic activity annually and untold social and cultural value (Access Economics 2007). Identifying factors that confer resilience to human communities and industries and maximizing resilience in these sectors is essential in preparing for the degree of deterioration inevitable in the Great Barrier Reef ecosystem. Collecting, assessing and communicating socioeconomic information that links peoples’ well-being to reef ecosystems services can reveal vulnerabilities and support adaptation strategies that can maximize resilience in these sectors. Socioeconomic implications of climate change impacts often receive secondary consideration but Australia rightly emphasizes the importance of these linkages in involving and motivating stakeholders to act. Management actions and policy change depend on stakeholder support and a constituency can be motivated by economic or personal impacts. The fourth objective, Reduced Climate Footprints, focuses on reducing the magnitude of climate change and eventually reversing it. This is vital for adaptation as the above actions can only “buy time” for these systems. Ultimately, all climate change adaptation strategies will fail unless the rate and extent of climate change is reduced. Reducing greenhouse gas pollution requires actions of individuals, communities and industries. By linking community and industry well-being to reef ecosystem services through socioeconomic study and stakeholder involvement, opportunities for linking pollution reduction strategies to the long-term health of the Great Barrier Reef become apparent.

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Community-based Adaptation Planning in Fiji Kabara is one of many islands scattered along the southeastern boundary of Fiji’s waters. Its relative isolation makes its inhabitants heavily dependent on natural resources not just for livelihoods but for day-to-day subsistence. In working with communities here, WWF South Pacific Program realized that the people had very little awareness of climate change and how it might affect them. In response, they developed a two-day community-wide Climate Witness project, the methodology for which has been written up into a handbook10. Villagers collectively mapped out natural resources around the island, and created timelines for which resources were used when. They then discussed how the climate influenced these resources and their availability, what changes they had already seen, and what changes might happen in the future. On the second day, community members discussed their values, first sharing individual values and then coming to agreement on the values that mattered most to them as a community, what they wanted to maintain for the future. This was followed by a root cause analysis that helped community members to see the various factors contributing to problems they had identified earlier, and then by a number of processes geared towards developing a broad array of adaptation options. The final stage of the Climate Witness project was to develop a concrete Community Adaptation Plan (CAP) that reflected the needs, values, and threats identified in the previous two days. As a result of this project, Kabara villagers have successfully carried out many elements of their CAP, including getting international grant money for water storage tanks to address their concern over increased salinization of drinking water. There are several lessons from this Climate Witness project that can be widely applied across the Pacific. One reason for the project’s success was the existing relationship of trust between WWF South Pacific and community members. WWF had worked with the community on forestry and marine resource issues for years, and the Climate Witness project arose out of this existing relationship. Furthermore, WWF scientists allowed the community to take the lead in identifying problems and solutions, rather than simply presenting the community with a prepared list of vulnerabilities and adaptation options. WWF staff provided information as needed and guided discussions, but villagers were allowed to go through the process of exploring and identifying vulnerabilities to climate change, and then developing their own ideas for solutions. This gave the community ownership over the vulnerability assessment and adaptation planning process. While community-based adaptation has become a buzzword, making it work in practice is not always simple. This Climate Witness project illustrates how powerful true community-based adaptation can be. Another unique element of the Climate Witness project was that adaptation planning placed as much emphasis on community values and priorities as it did on the physical aspects of vulnerability. After identifying the risks posed by climate change to natural resources, community members focused on what mattered most to them as a community. This meant that they internalized not just what climate change might mean to their natural resources but what 10 Climate Witness Community Toolkit, downloadable at http://www.wwfpacific.org.fj/what_we_do/climate_change/climate_witness/index.cfm

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it might mean to them as a community. This increased the commitment of the community to the adaptation plan that was created: not only did they have ownership of the process, but their core values as a community were woven into the fabric of the final plan that came out of it. The Climate Witness project also helped bring home the importance of climate change and adaptation to the Fijian people and the Fijian government. The very personal stories that came out of the project got people’s attention, and the close linking of vulnerability assessment and adaptation planning meant that people were motivated to move forward rather than simply feeling powerless in the face of an overwhelming global challenge. For WWF South Pacific, this project had many benefits. It raised the profile of the program as a leader on climate change. It helped build climate change into the organization’s overall thought process, particularly in the forestry and marine teams, reducing the vulnerability of WWF’s conservation work to climate change. The integration of climate change into the overall program also meant that climate change experts on the team got a very vivid understanding of the implications of climate change for local communities, for real people in real places. The official Community Witness project ended in 2005, but the bonds between WWF staff and the Kabara community remains strong (another benefit of true partnership). The integration of climate change into the thinking of the marine and forestry programs also continues, making the South Pacific Program a model for building climate change into all conservation work. The Climate Witness model is being taken up and modified around the world. Northeast Pacific United States Pacific Coast Cooperation: Washington, Oregon and California In May 2008 the West Coast Governors created the “Agreement on Ocean Health” for Washington, Oregon and California11. One of the two “overarching actions” presented in this document is “Preparing for the effects of climate change.” The agreement recognizes that climate change is an underlying stress that will affect all of the other priorities of the agreement. The agreement seems to focus primarily on assessing the effects of climate change on the coastal areas and communities of the three states, however it does offer a clear mandate to take adaptation action. It presents a clear understanding of the interactive effects of multiple climate change manifestations and other stressors. For example the interactions among climate change, harmful algal blooms (HABs), and polluted run-off, and the multiple-stress concept in general are all discussed. This agreement obviously also considered the built environment and role of adaptation in the “long-term viability of coastal communities.” Offered solutions include low impact development (LID), increasing citizen “ocean awareness and literacy,” “providing forecasting tools to address climate change,” more regionally coordinated 11 West Coast Governors’ Action Plan for the Agreement on Ocean Health from May 2008. Available at http://westcoastoceans.gov/Docs/WCGA_ActionPlan_low-resolution.pdf

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marine research, access to information to develop responses to climate change, and coastal community training to prepare for climate change. At present agencies in each state are working on developing the concepts set out in this agreement. One critical asset this region has for addressing the effects of climate is the presence of two of NOAA’s nine RISA teams, one based in Washington but serving Oregon as well, and one based in California (see information on RISA in the “Players” section). These teams have a mandate to engage in stakeholder-driven research and to provide the current climate science to policy- and decision-makers in an accessible way. The Climate Impacts Group (CIG), as the Washington-based RISA team is known, has achieved several notable successes. CIG developed a climate change streamflow scenario tool that facilitates the inclusion of climate change into regional and state hydrological planning, and is working with Washington State watershed planners on approaches to building climate change into watershed planning. CIG worked with the city of Portland, Oregon, to predict how climate change was likely to affect the municipal water supply, and the city is using CIG’s results for future water and development plans. CIG was also a co-author, with King County Executive Ron Sims and the King County climate change team, of Preparing for Climate Change: A Guidebook for Local, Regional, and State Governments. The California-based RISA team, California Applications Program, works jointly with the California Energy Commission’s California Climate Change Center. In California there is an effort to develop adaptation strategies for several sectors, one of which is “Coastal and Ocean Resources.” For this the State of California Resources Agency has charged the California Ocean Protection Council to coordinate a multi-agency group, including all coastally responsible agencies (Coastal Conservancy, San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission, Fish and Game, State Parks, California Department of Transportation, State Lands, Coastal Commission) to develop an adaptation strategy. This process has just begun with the initial public meeting on the process occurring in July 200812. Community Conservation of Sea Turtles in Costa Rica Junquillal Beach, along the northwest coast of Costa Rica, is one of that country’s most important nesting beaches for globally endangered leatherback sea turtles. It is not part of Costa Rica’s protected area network, and harvest of sea turtle eggs historically resulted in the destruction of three quarters or more of the leatherback nests. Also, like nesting beaches around the world, this one faces twin threats from climate change: sea level rise and increasing sand temperatures. During periods of rapid sea level rise in the geological past, if the slope and substrate were appropriate beaches simply shifted landward with the rising seas. Now, many beaches are backed by coastal development and infrastructure that prevents this landward shift, meaning that as sea level goes up the beaches simply disappear. The average rate of sea level rise, just 1.8 mm/year before 1993, is now roughly 3.1 mm/year (IPCC 2007), making this an increasingly serious issue. The second threat from climate change, increasing nest temperatures, is no less worrisome. While the sex of humans is determined by genetics, the sex of sea turtles is determined by the temperature at 12 For meeting description: http://www.climatechange.ca.gov/adaptation/meetings/index.html

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which the eggs are incubated. Below a certain temperature, embryos become male, and above it they become female. As a result of warming temperatures, many nesting beaches are now producing a much higher percentage of females than before, in some cases producing only females. At Junquillal Beach, nest temperatures often get high enough now that the developing embryos are killed outright. When WWF’s Latin America program began a sea turtle conservation project in Junquillal Beach, foreign investors and hotel owners were enthusiastic, but locals were not. Like locals in so many areas with tourist development, they were concerned that a project brought in by outsiders might end up with more land in foreign hands and only menial jobs for locals. Low levels of local participation in the first six months of project delayed a number of the planned activities. In response, WWF engaged in a comprehensive program of community education and engagement. Teachers, heads of families, and students were invited to a workshop called “Teaching and Learning about Ecology on the Beach and in the Schoolyards.” The response was so positive that WWF established an on-going environmental education program with several schools in the region. The project coordinator, who lived in Junquillal Beach, put up photograph exhibits and bulletins related to sea turtle conservation. The real turning point, however, was the “Leatherback Tournament 2005” soccer championship. This was not part of the original plan, but project personnel thought it might help to strengthen bonds of friendship and get the word out about project objectives. After the tournament, locals finally signed up for visits to community-based tourism experiences in Monteverde and Tortuguero, which in turn inspired them to take a more active role in developing such a project in their own community. Six local youths now run beach patrols that record every female turtle that comes on the beach to nest. They scan the turtles for PIT tags (microchips that identify individual turtles), measure them, and if the nest location is not optimal, move the eggs to an outdoor hatchery where nest conditions can be controlled. At the hatchery, nests are shaded to maintain the proper temperature range, watered to maintain the appropriate moisture level, and if necessary hatchlings get help digging themselves out of the nest. Locals and tourists alike participate in hatchling release festivals, watching the young turtles on their run to the ocean. In addition to work directly with the turtles, WWF has helped the community develop livelihood activities related to sea turtle conservation. Locals are being trained as naturalist guides, and families are hosting foreign students who both provide extra income for the family and do research on the turtles. Interested community members have received help producing and marketing handicrafts. Because sea turtles take so long to mature, it is still too early to tell whether the program will achieve its long-term goal of increasing and sustaining the sea turtle populations that nest here. Early signs are good, however. Within just one year, egg poaching in Junquillal dropped to almost nothing. The number of hatchlings reaching the ocean has increased from almost nothing to close to 10,000. The local community feels ownership of the project, and recently helped to plant thousands of native plant species along the beach edge to create cooler, shadier conditions for turtle nests. Carlos Drews, project coordinator, writes that the three key strategies for project success were the nest protection itself, raising awareness about sea turtles and environmental concerns in general in the community, and generating productive activities related to sea turtle conservation (Drews et al 2006).

Bering Sea Fisheries Building Climate Change into Their Planning The Bering Sea is one of the most productive regions of the world’s oceans, producing nearly half of the annual seafood catch of the United States. It is home to numerous marine mammal

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species as well as millions of migratory shorebirds and seabirds which feed in the Bering Sea for part of every year. Several aboriginal groups and rural households continue to rely on natural resources for subsistence. There is an extensive fishing industry which also takes advantage of this high productivity. In this region there is massive climate change, not the least of which is changing seasonal ice coverage. Managers and legislators can do little to directly compensate for sea ice loss (no grand sea ice creation schemes seem feasible), however there are actions that may slow ice loss (mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions) and increase system resilience, such as reducing non-climate stresses in the region and protecting the area required to maintain system processes as the environment changes. In this case, that might mean adjusting fishing to levels that can be supported under the new climate regime and protecting more area to the north as fisheries seek refuge by following the cooler waters. The North Pacific Fisheries Management Council, composed of public and private sector voting members, has taken on a few issues recently in an effort to promote ecosystem resilience in their region. The first, passed by unanimous approval June 200713, designates a northern boundary for bottom trawling based on Essential Fish Habitat for the Bering Sea (Figure 3). The second is a proposal to be voted on in December 2008 which would prohibit commercial fisheries in the US Arctic “until adequate scientific information on fish stocks and how commercial fisheries might affect the Arctic environment are available14.” This motion resulted from recognition by the council of “heightened national and international interest in the Arctic and potential changes in this region that might arise due to climate warming.” The ban would be on all commercial fishing in the Arctic north of the Bering Strait15 (with the exception of a historic red king crab fishery in the southern Chuckchi Sea that must remain within its current “size, scope and limited geographic location”) and would provide for outreach to and input from residents of the Arctic region. The next step in this action would be the establishment of an Arctic Fishery Management Plan that addresses ecosystem and community concerns before commercial fishing could begin. Presently there seems to be unanimous approval for the prohibition. These activities are both viewed as being very progressive for a generally reactive or “retrospective” industry. Two programs in particular are helping to build climate change into Bering Sea fisheries management. The North Pacific Climate Regimes and Ecosystem Productivity (NPCREP) study is using monitoring, modeling, and experiments to investigate how the physical and biological controls on ecosystems in this region are affected by climate variability and change. The information they have gained is being used to develop a variety of indices and assessment tools that the North Pacific Fisheries Management Council can use in recommending each year’s Total Allowable Catch, as well as fish recruitment predictions that include the effect of climate change. The NPCREP program also provides on-line access to environmental and ecosystem data for Bering Sea that allows the NPFMC to track trends and use them for management 13 Details can be found at http://www.fakr.noaa.gov/npfmc/current_issues/BSHC/BSHC607motion.pdf and http://www.fakr.noaa.gov/npfmc/current_issues/BSHC/BSHC.htm 14 North Pacific Fishery Management Council Motion on the Arctic Fisheries Management Plan, June 2008. Available at www.fakr.noaa.gov/npfmc/current_issues/Arctic/ArcticFMPmotion608.pdf 15 Details can be found at http://www.fakr.noaa.gov/npfmc/current_issues/Arctic/arctic.htm

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recommendations. The on-line system will soon be expanded to include the Gulf of Alaska. A related program, the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Integrated Ecosystem Research Program (BSIERP)16, is also generating and making available data that will help in the management of fisheries, marine mammals, and seabirds. The BSIERP project is also working to document, characterize, and quantify local subsistence and cultural use and understanding of the Bering Sea ecosystem, and to integrate this knowledge into ecosystem models.

Figure 3. New bottom trawling northern boundary (indicated as “Bering Sea Habitat Conservation” areas) for the Bering Sea Local NGOs are embarking on adaptation plans for the region. These include WWF-Bering Sea Program and the Cook Inletkeepers. The WWF project focuses on a vulnerability assessment of fisheries in the Pribilof Islands to help develop a better fisheries management plan for the region. There has already been a shift northward in the Pollack fishery between 1999 and 2007 (Figure 4).

16 http://bsierp.nprb.org/

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Figure 4. Distribution of the Pollock fishery in the eastern Bering Sea Shelf in 1999 (a) compared to 2007 (b). Source 2001 and 2007 Pollock Stock Assessments in the North Pacific Groundfish Stock Assessment and Fishery Evaluation Reports17 North Central Pacific Mainstreaming Climate Change Adaptation in Micronesia In 2002, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) initiated a project called Climate Change Adaptation for the Pacific Islands (CLIMAP), funded by the Government of Canada, with the goal of integrating climate change and variability into development projects in Pacific Island developing member countries. Out of this work, ADB recognized the need for a series of case histories illustrating the approach to climate change adaptation developed as a result of their work on mainstreaming adaptation. They received funding from the Canadian Cooperation Fund for Climate Change—Greenhouse Gas Abatement, Carbon Sequestration and Adaptation for a Regional Technical Assistance (RETA) which allowed them to put together Climate Proofing—A Risk-based Approach to Adaptation, which contains six case studies of mainstreaming adaptation, three in the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM), three in the Cook Islands. Here we summarize the projects in the FSM; for further information on these case histories as well as information on the case studies in the Cook Islands, refer to Climate Proofing—A Risk-based Approach to Adaptation (Hay et al, 2005). Building Adaptation into the National Strategic Development Plan In 2003, the FSM began to prepare a national Strategic Development Plan (SDP) as well as an Infrastructure Development Plan for the period 2004-2023, and requested that the ADB provide technical assistance. At the third FSM Economic Summit in early 2004, nine sectoral committees were set up to develop the SDP. The three sectors with known vulnerability to climate change and vulnerability—health, the environment, and infrastructure—decided to “climate proof” their sections of the SDP. The resulting SDP18, which has since been approved by the FSM 17 Found at http://www.afsc.noaa.gov/REFM/docs/2007/EBSpollock.pdf and http://www.afsc.noaa.gov/refm/docs/2001/BSpollock.pdf 18 Available at http://www.micronesiaregistration.com/pdfs/news_StrategicPlan.pdf

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National Congress, contains a number of provisions that strengthen the enabling environment for more resilient development, such as requiring that climate change be included in risk assessments for new infrastructure projects and strengthening a variety of regulations, such as those relating to new construction, to include climate change. The FSM also developed a set of national guidelines for mainstreaming adaptation to climate change, available as Appendix 3 in Climate Proofing—A Risk-based Approach to Adaptation. Climate Proofing a Road Infrastructure in Kosrae, FSM Until recently, the community of Walung on the southwestern tip of Kosrae was the only community on the island without a link to other municipalities. The Kosrae infrastructure development plan calls for completing a circumferential road, which would provide Walung with all-weather access to the rest of the island. Funds for road construction were to be provided under the Compact of Free Association with the United States, and construction of 10.6 km of road was scheduled for 2004. The drainage works for the existing road were designed to accommodate an hourly rainfall of 178 mm, the rainfall maximum with a 25 year return period. More recent data suggested that a better estimate of the 25 year return period hourly rainfall would be 190 mm, and by 2050 the rate is projected to increase to 254 mm as a result of climate change. Engineers prepared a modified design for the remaining section of road that would accommodate an hourly rainfall of 254 mm, with an incremental cost of roughly US$77,000 per km. Despite the much higher initial cost, it was estimated that within 15 years the accumulated costs for the “climate proofed” road would be lower than those for a road built for today’s conditions. With this information in hand, the government of Kosrae weighed several possible courses of action: diverting funds from other important items in its budget (e.g. health care) to build the better road, building the road using the old design, seeking additional state, national, or Compact II (from the US) funds, or seeking additional funding from international development agencies. The Kosrae government decided to put off completing the new section of road until it could secure outside funding to cover the incremental costs of building the “climate proofed” road, and prepared a proposal to send to the Global Environmental Facility. Table 2. Construction Costs of Kosrae Road Section RS4 (6.6 km section to be built).

Original Design Climate Proofed Design Road Surface $1,254,414 $1,254,414 Drainage Works $ 640,233 $1,151,397 Total $1,894,647 $2,405,811 Incremental Cost $511,000

Table 3. Total construction, maintenance, repair costs Section RS4 (6.6 km section to be built)

Original design Climate proofed design Net Benefit No climate change $4,475,000 With climate change $7,803,000 $4,986,000 $2,817,000 Internal rate of return 11%

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Climate Proofing Sapwohn, FSM - A Coastal Community in Pohnpei Sapwohn, a small community on Sokehs Island near the Pohnpei mainland, sits on a thin strip of land between the ocean and the steep slopes of Sokehs Mountain. The village is flooded regularly both by freshwater flooding and by high sea level events. The current 25 year hourly rainfall is 210 mm, and current 25 year flood depths are 0.4 and 0.6 m for most of the area, with a small area receiving less than 0.2 m of flooding. By 2050, the projected 25 year rainfall is 393 mm, with corresponding maximum flood depths of more than a meter, with all areas receiving at least 0.2 m of water. Flood damage costs over the next 50 years have been estimated at US$ 10-16 million without considering climate change. Project staff and community members developed a variety of adaptation options, including drainage works to divert runoff from the mountain and changes in building practices and land use planning. Drainage works that would divert 50% of runoff from 25-year storm would have an incremental cost of roughly US$0.75 million, and incremental benefits of US$5 million, a compelling cost/benefit ratio. Early Warning Systems for Pacific Islands In May of 1997, ocean-atmosphere observations and models both suggested that a severe El Niño was developing. That June, the Pacific ENSO Applications Center (PEAC) warned the governments of all US-affiliated Pacific Island countries that it was increasingly certain that a strong El Niño was coming, and that changes in rainfall and storm patterns could be similar to those during the devastating 1982-83 El Niño. They predicted severe droughts across the region starting in December, and a higher than normal risk of typhoons in the Marshall Islands, American Samoa, and parts of Micronesia. In response, governments established drought response plans, drought/El Niño task forces, and public information campaigns preparing the public for what might come. Palau surveyed the water distribution system for the most populous part of the country and was able to finish almost all necessary repairs before the drought began. In the Federated States of Micronesia, the government coordinated delivery of water to outlying islands in advance of the drought, while individuals and groups repaired water catchment systems throughout the country. The drought was indeed severe, leading to water rationing in some areas, but there is general agreement that the advance notice and preparations significantly reduced the negative effects. In the Koror-Airai area of Palau, the normal water supply is 111 million gallons per month. During the worst part of the drought, just 9.3 gallons/month were delivered, less than 10% of normal. In the capital of the Marshall Islands, Majuro, water pumps at Laura Islet, one of the city’s two water sources, failed. For two months, municipal fresh water was available just seven hours every 14 days. While residents of Palua and Pohnpei could get water every day, they could only do so during a period of a few hours. Agricultural losses were quite heavy as well. PEAC illustrates the benefits of developing a forecasting service where both scientists and decision-makers feel ownership. By having a collaborative, participatory process, PEAC is increasingly able to provide forecasts in a way that maximizes their utility for action on the

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ground. This includes recognizing trusted information brokers throughout the region, e.g. National Weather Service forecasting offices. By having a sustained relationship, increases the chance that people understand and respond appropriately to warnings. NOAA’s Coral Reef Watch Satellite Coral Bleaching Monitoring program is another example of an effective, user-driven early warning system19. Using satellite data, bleaching models, and on-the-ground input from around the world, NOAA scientists are able to identify reefs at risk of bleaching in near real-time. Reef managers, conservationists, or any other interested parties can sign up for email alerts that let them know when an area they are interested in is at risk of bleaching, or check the Coral Reef Watch web site for news on current oceanographic conditions in their area. A number of areas around the Pacific, such as Palau, Bali, and the Great Barrier Reef, have developed bleaching monitoring plans than build on the Coral Reef Watch program. Because high sea surface temperatures stress corals before bleaching becomes visible, an early warning allows managers to implement bleaching monitoring protocols and potentially take management action. A Reef Manager’s Guide to Coral Bleaching20 (Marshall and Schuttenberg 2006) describes approaches managers can take in the short and long term to minimize the occurrence and impact of bleaching on their reefs. In the short term, minimizing physical or chemical stresses may prevent bleaching or allow recovery, so managers may wish to restrict potentially damaging activities (e.g. boat anchoring, snorkeling, dredging, nutrient input) around reefs at risk of bleaching. Managers may also experiment with shading reefs or adding enough cooler water to keep the area below the bleaching threshold, although these approaches may not be practical on a large scale and may have unanticipated negative effects.

19 See http://www.eoearth.org/article/Coral_bleaching,_satellite_observations,_and_coral_reef_protection for general background, and http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/satellite/index.html for their site and to sign up for alerts 20 Available at http://www.coris.noaa.gov/activities/reef_managers_guide/pdfs/reef_managers_guide.pdf

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Figure 5. Opportunities for Management Intervention. From Marshall and Schuttenberg, 2006 Pacific Ocean and East Asian Seas Mangrove Restoration in Vietnam A 2007 analysis (Dasgupta et al. 2007) suggested that Vietnam is one of the five developing countries most vulnerable to sea level rise. Most of its major cities and agricultural area lie along the country’s 3000 km of coastline, just a few feet above sea level. Coastal vulnerability is exacerbated by the loss of close to 50% of its mangrove cover since 1945 (Jameson et al. 1995), primarily due to aerial herbicide use during the Vietnam war21 and conversion of forests to agriculture, including shrimp aquaculture (Tri et al. 1998). Intact mangrove forests reduce the force of waves hitting the shoreline, and the loss of mangroves leads to significant increases in erosion. In response to the increased erosion, the Vietnam Red Cross/Red Crescent societies began a pilot mangrove restoration and replanting project in one community in 1994. It quickly became apparent that in addition to reducing the erosion of the earthen dikes used to protect rice 21 A single spraying of Agent Orange or Agent White is fatal to many of Vietnam’s mangrove species, making them the most sensitive type of coastal vegetation (Ross, 1974)

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paddies and villages from the sea, the presence of mangroves also increased biodiversity and the availability of marine food species. Following the success of the pilot project, the work was expanded in 1997 to include seven more Northern coastal provinces, and has now been implemented in 157 communes in 47 districts in eight provinces. Roughly 12,000 hectares of mangroves have been planted for a total cost of US$1.1 million. The investment has more than repaid itself, however. Mangrove replanting has reduced the cost of dike maintenance by US$7.3 million per year, and significantly reduced the loss of life and property during typhoons. In replanted areas, mangrove associated species have increased measurably, including 109 species of birds and important food species such as crabs, shrimp, mollusks, and finfish. Both subsistence and small-scale commercial fishing have become possible in areas where they had disappeared completely due to mangrove loss, indicating the ability of ecosystems to recover from severe damage. The World Bank also funds mangrove replanting efforts now, and the Vietnamese government has indicated a strong commitment to supporting such projects on an ongoing basis. Red Cross/Red Crescent staff members say that the key to the success of their efforts was strong community participation, and a sense of ownership of the project by communities. As in Fiji, the sense of ownership was developed both through the trust that existed between communities and the organization coordinating the project, and through the careful attention paid to community perception of risk and vulnerability. By allowing community members to articulate their own priorities and values rather than imposing those values on the communities with which they worked, project staff made community members into true partners who worked hard for the long-term sustainability and success of the project. Another important element of success was the close collaboration with local government authorities, enhancing the sense of local ownership. While this project was conceived of as a disaster risk reduction strategy, it has also significantly reduced the vulnerability of the region to climate change. Due to rising sea level and a possible increase in storm frequency and intensity, erosional forces along the coast will become more severe. The presence of healthy mangrove forests mitigates this risk. Healthy mangrove forests may also decrease the vulnerability of near-by coral reefs to bleaching by filtering out harmful pollutants and sediments, and releasing UV-absorbing compounds into the water (Shank et al. 2006, Zepp et al. 2007) One threat to the success of mangrove replanting and restoration is the lack of coordination between policies and projects focused on development and those focused on disaster risk reduction. In many coastal provinces of Vietnam, the government is promoting fish and shrimp farming as means of improving local livelihoods. This in and of itself increases the vulnerability of communities to climate change and climate extremes, as fisheries and aquaculture appear to be more vulnerable than traditional agricultural practices in coastal areas. A further problem is that because most mangrove restoration and replanting projects are funded by outside donors, there is often little coordination between these activities and the government-sponsored

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development activities. In some cases, this has led to replanted mangroves be re-cleared when communities initiate fishing or shrimp farming development (Few et al. 2006). Yet as the “Living with Floods” program in An Giang province in Vietnam’s Mekong Delta shows, there is does not need to be a conflict between development and climate change adaptation. In addition to vulnerability reduction practices such as loaning families money to heighten the foundations of their houses or build new houses on stilts and shifting crop calendars, local governments encouraged farmers to engage in a variety of flood-based activities that can actually generate extra income. These include raising prawns, eels, or other fishes in cages or pens in their fields during floods, and growing floating rice crops (Kaopatumtip 2008). Climate Farmer Field Schools in Indonesia In the Indramayu district on the north coast of West Java, farmers are strongly affected by ENSO events. The floods and droughts resulting from El Niños and La Niñas take a heavy toll on agricultural output and income. During El Niño years, the percentage of the population below the poverty line increases significantly. There are a number of rainfall data stations throughout the region, but the transfer of data to data analysis centers is not always smooth. There are well-defined networks for transferring meteorological information from government meteorological services to local officials, but this transfer of information has not generally been effectively incorporated into farming practices. To address the vulnerability of farmers in this region to climate change and variability, a coalition of government agencies and academics decided to offer a Climate Field School. Climate Field Schools are based on the Farmer Field Schools (FFSs) developed in the 1980s to increase the use of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) by farmers in Indonesia. FFSs for IPM have since been used successfully around the globe, indicating the wide-spread applicability of this approach. In essence, CFSs and FFSs work to translate scientific information into the language of the end-users. Although farming is inherently linked to climate, farmers do not always understand or make good use of climate forecasts. CFSs increase farmers’ knowledge and use of climate forecast information, and to help them as needed in observing climatic parameters and using those in their farming system. The approach taken is like that used to introduce a new technology: farmers must first be convinced, based on their own experience, that using climate forecast information will benefit them, for instance by increasing the resilience of their farms to extreme climate events. CFSs also create awareness among climate forecasters that generating forecasts may be viewed not as the end product of their work, but as the beginning of a chain of actions that can deliver an array of benefits. The first phase of CFS, called the socialization phase, involves 24 meetings between farmers and field facilitators over the course of eight months or two planting seasons. Half the meetings should take place during the dry season, and half during the wet season. The objective is to increase farmers’ knowledge of climate and the use of climate forecasts for developing cropping strategies. A number of agricultural extension agents are trained in various

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aspects of climatology and its applications (e.g. climate prediction, use of historical agricultural data, forecasting and cropping strategies). These trainers then develop and test CFS modules that reflect the concerns, climate, and culture of their region. During this period, farmers make field observations about crop performance in their field, types of pests and diseases, measurements of soil moisture, relative humidity, and air temperature. At the meetings, farmers discuss their observation, and engage in simulations that familiarize them with how climate forecasts might benefit them. The second phase is the institutionalization phase, which takes place over eight or more planting seasons. Based on discussions during the first phase and farmer interest, a variety of further activities are implemented. The overarching objective of this phase is to build the farmers’ capacity for putting their new knowledge into practice, giving them ownership of it. In addition to Indramayu, CFSs have been conducted in other areas of Indonesia as well as China, Bali, and the Philippines. Post-project evaluations found that farmers felt positively about the program and its influence on their understanding of climate change and variability. A similar approach—an intensive, multi-year, pragmatic, and user-driven “field school”—might be applied to coastal activities. Agent-based Modeling in the Philippines A central challenge for effective vulnerability assessment and adaptation planning is accounting for interactions between human and natural systems, and emergent properties of that linked system as it responds to climatic and other changes. Increasingly, agent-based models are being used to provide dynamic vulnerability assessment and adaptation planning. Such models assume that individual agents within a system may change their actions over time, and have proven successful in addressing problems where multiple players are responding to a common problem and influencing each other with their decisions, where vulnerability may shift as a result of new technologies, or where social dilemmas exist (Siebenhüner and Patt 2005). To explore the utility of agent-based models, the Advanced Institute on Vulnerability to Global Environmental Change funded a study that applied three approaches to vulnerability assessment for adaptation planning in the Philippines (Acosta-Michlik 2004). The first and simplest approach, indicator-based modeling, used indicators of both environmental and social vulnerability to map vulnerability across the entire Philippines at the province level. Based on the national analysis, a very high vulnerability area was selected for further study. This was Tanauan City, a municipality on Luzon Island that encompasses 48 barangays (roughly equivalent to villages or wards) and four ecosystem types: coastal, agricultural, forest, and urban. Within Tanauan City, analysis focused on farmers in three barangays that represented agricultural, urban, and coastal areas. The second level of vulnerability assessment, profile-based modeling, involved assessing social and economic attributes of farmers within each barangay, as well as their views on globalization and global change. A cluster analysis of farmer attributes revealed four distinct

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groups with distinct vulnerabilities: traditional farmers, subsistence farmers, diversified farmers, and commercial farmers. Using data gathered during the indicator-based and profile-based assessments, researchers used an agent-based model to combine socioeconomic and biophysical attributes of agent’s environment, changes to those attributes based on global climatic and economic changes, and the behavior of agents (in this case, farmers) in response to their environment and changes in it. In this model, vulnerability is a function of exposure, sensitivity, adaptive capacity and cognition. Commercial diversified farmers were best able to adapt to changes in their environment. Commercial farmers took action on their own, responded rapidly to environmental changes, and acted effectively to maximize their income. Diversified farmers sometimes acted alone and sometimes interacted with other farmers, but even when they did interact with others they adapted more rapidly than traditional or subsistence farmers. Traditional and subsistence farmers always interacted with other farmers before doing anything, and their rate of adaptation depended on the quality of their social network. Closer connections to adaptive farmers led to more rapid adaptation. This approach showed that a key element of increasing the resilience of the most vulnerable farmers is increasing the quality of social networks. In addition to “hard” adaptation actions such as building irrigation infrastructure and developing hardier crop varieties, it is essential to promote strong social networks such as farmer cooperatives. It is notable that Tanauan City had no agricultural cooperatives at the time of the study. Agent-based studies can also be useful to predict or explain the failure of adaptive measures. For instance, in the 1970s, at the advice of consultants from the Asian Development Bank on how to increase national rice output, the Balinese government mandated a uniform rice planting schedule using newly developed higher-yielding varieties of rice. This caused the loss of the traditional temple system of planting and irrigation control that had been effective for millennia. The new system quickly led to multiple problems, not least of which was the rapid explosion of pests that were able to evolve more quickly that agronomists could come up with new, resistant crop varieties. Using an agent-based model of the system, Stephen Lansing was able to demonstrate that traditional temple-controlled planting schemes provided greater protection against pests and therefore higher yields than the government’s combination of uniform planting schedule and higher-yielding varieties (Lansing 1991, as cited in Siebenhüner and Patt 2005). Agent-based modeling might have helped to prevent a situation in which government response to ENSO forecasts led to massive bankruptcy of farmers in northern Peru. In the coastal municipality of Piura, ENSO may lead to enormous increases in precipitation, up to 5000% increase in some cases. Recognizing this reality, the Peruvian government promoted a shift from cotton to rice cultivation after receiving predictions of a strong El Niño by providing seeds and machinery. Although conditions that year were indeed more favorable for rice than cotton,

20 October 2008 28

so many farmers shifted to rice cultivation that overproduction of rice lead to a massive drop in price that bankrupted many farmers (Remy 1998 as cited in Trigoso 2007). This was particularly disastrous as almost two thirds of Piura’s inhabitants are under the poverty line.

Section 3: Building a Plan for the Pacific From these case studies across the region there are some clear themes and some important lessons learned that will help create a framework for a pan-Pacific adaptation strategy. Above all, it is clear that while more refined climate models and predictions are helpful for certain types of activity, effective adaptation action can be taken now by combining regional climate predictions with local knowledge. The types of challenges to be faced, if not their magnitude, are becoming increasingly certain. Key points: 1. Avoid Maladaptation Across the globe, likelihoods of adverse weather and climate conditions are already high, and are likely to increase. Development and natural resource management strategies can increase or decrease the vulnerability of human and natural communities to climate-related risk. For instance, the damage done by hurricanes in many areas has increased dramatically over the past century, while the frequency and intensity of the storms themselves has not. The increased damage is due in large part to poor development practices (e.g. building at shoreline) and poor land use choices (e.g. clear-cutting hillsides). It is also important to consider the value of traditional social structures and practices in supporting resilience. Across the world, social networks help to reduce vulnerability, but many countries are shifting from traditional systems to western-style societies so may lose that coping strategy. On many Pacific Islands, the shift to more western lifestyles has also created a desire for cement houses, which can significantly increase vulnerability. In Kiribati, for instance, beach mining to support the cement industry is a major source of income, but also perhaps the primary source of coastal erosion and land loss. And unlike houses made out of traditional materials, cement houses are much more costly and difficult to move if the land erodes out from under them. 2. Promote Coordination Across Agencies Even when agencies and organizations are incorporating climate change into their own thinking, it is essential to establish effective interagency coordination mechanisms (IACMs) that can adequately respond to the reality of climate change. As the Institute of Global Environment and Society (IGES) reported in its study on IACMs and climate change in Asia, “although most IACMs were established as an institutional mechanism in response to climate change at both international and domestic levels, it is timely for all countries to shift their national emphasis from international negotiations to domestic actions addressing mitigation and adaptation. It is also important for all countries to move forward from climate change as a stand-alone national

20 October 2008 29

agenda to being part of the ongoing national sustainable development effort.” (IGES 2008). This will require developing cooperation mechanisms among agencies that may not have previously coordinated extensively. 3. Mainstream Climate Change Adaptation An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. As Micronesia’s experience with “climate proofing” roads demonstrates, incorporating adaptation measures up front is often significantly cheaper than adding them later. Climate change should be included as a consideration in policies, rules, and regulations relating to a variety of sectors, including: 1) Infrastructure design and local decision-making (e.g. roads, bridge height); 2) Land use planning (e.g. building codes, EIAs); 3) National Development Planning (avoid increasing vulnerability); 4) Natural resource management and conservation (e.g. corridors, climate-sensitive total allowable catch). Clearly climate change vulnerability should not be the only consideration, but it should be explicitly addressed via a cost-benefit analysis, e.g. if we decide to cut down all these mangroves to promote tourism, what are the likely costs in terms of vulnerability to climate change and variability? In addition to the case studies presented previously, there are a number of examples of local, state, and national governments building climate change into policy, rules, and regulations. The Coast Development Board of South Australia adopted the median IPCC sea level predictions as part of its policy which requires new developments to be reasonably protected from a 1 meter sea level rise by 2100. Likewise, the San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission now factors in climate change impacts when considering developments in the region. 4. Develop Adaptation Strategies/Projects to Suit Your Reality There is no perfect road map to developing a strategy for climate change adaptation. Traditional/societal ways of making decisions, governmental structure, expectations of governmental service, and environmental characteristics should form the basis of what happens, assuming that existing approaches work. While some degree of stakeholder engagement is essential in all cases, the degree of engagement that is appropriate or necessary for success varies from place to place. For instance, Orkney Islanders value being heard so strongly that they said this was more important than minimizing future disruption of services. Although climate change seems a daunting challenge to many, it is not necessary to create all new approaches to develop plans or even to increase resilience. In many cases, existing processes, activities, and networks can provide a basis for the first pass at adaptation planning. Relying too heavily on outside organizations and assistance can create a sense of victimization at the local or even national level that impedes real action on adaptation. Empowerment and ownership of adaptation planning and action is essential. 5. Create and Support Effective, Two-Way User-Scientist Communication/Interfaces As illustrated in the case histories, it is immensely powerful to have trusted sources of climate information that are able to translate material into a useable format. There are a few keys to

20 October 2008 30

success. Scientists must be willing to put in the time and effort to better understand the needs of the users of their data, and users must be willing to honestly communicate their needs and frustrations to scientists. This requires building trust on both sides, as well as a long-term commitment by scientific agencies and their funders. In the words of one Pacific islander, “Do not send people abroad, and do not do conferences, seminars or workshops in country. We have those every day from the World Bank, the UN, the IMF, etc. They are useless. We need coaching by foreign experts who stay in country for a long period and work with us at our desks and understand our constraints and help us find solutions. Everything else is a waste of time.” (quoted in Rietbergen et al. 2007). 6. Build on What Has Been Done Although climate change is a new threat, many individuals, organizations, and governments can apply existing experiences to the challenge of increasing resilience. For instance, many countries around the Pacific are quite used to dealing with climatic variability and extreme weather events. Many behaviors and policies developed for these eventualities, such as cyclone warning systems, building houses on stilts, rainwater harvesting, or terracing on hillsides, also reduce vulnerability to the effects of climate change. Indeed, surveys of autonomous adaptation activities can provide a wealth of ideas for coping strategies, some short-term and some long-term, and generally relatively affordable. Some “adaptation” activities may seem so basic that individuals do not even consider them unusual, such as the farmers on Timor Island who develop their own varieties of staple crops that do well with erratic rainfall and cyclones. To them, this is just life. Acknowledgements A number of individuals have shared their thoughts on which organizations and individuals belong in the “players” table, as well as their thoughts on approaches to adaptation across the Pacific, and for this we are grateful. We would like to thank Allison Green, Lizzie McLeod, Rod Salm and Nate Peterson of The Nature Conservancy; Deb Hahn, Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies; Francisco Rilla Manta, Migratory Species Convention; Vladimir Puentes Granada, Ministerio de Ambiente, Vivienda y Desarrollo Territorial de Colombia; Hussein Alidina, WWF Canada; Carlos Drewes, WWF Central America; Francisco Aceituno, Secretaria de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente de Honduras; Herb Raffaele, US Fish and Wildlife Service; Belinda Dick, Inter-American Sea Turtle Convention; Luis Herman Naranjo, WWF Colombia; Melissa Krenke Norman, Rainforest Alliance; Paul Marshall, Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority; Terry Done, Australian Institute of Marine Science; Britt Parker, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration. We would particularly like to thank Jessica Hitt for the many hours she put into formatting the “players” table and for her help in research throughout this project.

Literature Cited Abuodha, P. A. and C.D. Woodroffe. 2006. International Assessments of the Vulnerability of the Coastal Zone to Climate Change, Including an Australian

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Perspective. Report for the Australian Greenhouse Office in response to RFQ 116/2005 DEH. 69 pp. Access Economics. 2007. Measuring the Economic & Financial Value of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, 2005-06. Access Economics Pty Limited. 87pp. Acosta-Michlik L. 2004. Intervulnerability Assessment: An Innovative Framework to Assess Vulnerability to Interacting Impacts of Climate Change and Globalisation. A project of the Advanced Institute on Vulnerability to Global Environmental Change. START, Washington Dasgupta, S., B. Laplante, C. Meisner, D. Wheeler and J. Yan. 2007. The Impact of Sea Level Rise on Developing Countries: A Comparative Analysis. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 4136 Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=962790 Drews, C., Andraka, S., and G. Francia. 2006. Abatement of egg poaching in a Pacific Leatherback turtle nesting site in Costa Rica. Progress Report May 15, 2006. assets.panda.org/downloads/lac_junquillalbeachreport.pdf Ellison, J. C. 2001. Possible impacts of predicted sea-level rise on South Pacific mangroves. In Noye, J. and Grzechnik, M. (editors), Sea-Level Changes and their Effects', Sea-Level Changes and their Effects, .World Scientific Publishing Co., Singapore, pgs. ISBN 981-02-3618-2 Fabricius, E. F., O. Hoegh-Guldberg, J. Johnson, L. McCook, and J. Lough. 2007. Chapter 17 Vulnerability of Coral Reefs of the Great Barrier Reef to Climate Change. In Climate Change and the Great Barrier Reef A Vulnerability Assessment, Johnson, J. E., Marshall, P. A. (eds.). Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority and Australian Greenhouse Office, Australia. Few, R, D. Viner, and L.M. Bouer. 2006. Linking Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Management for Sustainable Poverty Reduction: Synthesis Report. A study carried out for the Vulnerability and Adaptation Resource Group, VARG, Washington DC. Available on-line at http://ec.europa.eu/development/icenter/repository/env_cc_varg_adaptation_en.pdf Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority. 2007a. Great Barrier Reef Climate Change Action Plan 2007 – 2011. 14 pp. Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority. Townsville. Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority. 2007b. Great Barrier Reef Coral Bleaching Response Plan Summer 2007-2008. Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority. Townsville. Green, A. and P. Lokani. 2004. Designing a resilient network of marine protected areas in Kimbe Bay, West New Britain, Papua New Guinea. TNC Pacific Island Countries Report No. 11/04 Green, A., P. Lokani, S. Sheppard, J. Almany, S. Keu, J. Aitsi, J. Warku Karvon, R. Hamilton and G. Lipsett-Moore. 2007. Scientific design of a resilient network of marine protected areas. TNC Pacific Island Countries Report No. 2/07

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Hansen, L.J., J.L. Biringer and J.R. Hoffman. 2003. Buying Time: A User’s Manual to Building Resistance and Resilience to Climate Change in Natural Systems. WWF. Hay, J.E., R. Warrick, C. Cheatham, T. Manarangi-Trott, J. Konno and P. Hartley. 2005. Climate Proofing: A Risk-based Approach to Adaptation. Asian Development Bank. Manila. Available at www.adb.org/Documents/Reports/Climate-Proofing/climate-proofing.pdf IGES. 2008. Climate Change Policies in the Asia-Pacific: Re-uniting Climate Change and Sustainable Development. White Paper IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) 2007. Climate change 2007: the scientific basis. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC: “The Physical Science Basis”. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Jameson, S.C., J.W. McManus and M.D. Spalding. 1995. State of the reefs: Regional and global perspectives. NOAA Office of Global Programs. Accessible at: http://www.ogp.noaa.gov/misc/coral/sor/sor_contents.html#toc Kaopatumtip, S. 2008. Living With Floods. Bangkok Post, Sunday May 25 edition Lansing, J.S. (1991). Priests and Programmers: Technologies of Power in the Engineered Landscape of Bali. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 216 pp Lipsett-Moore, G. 2006. Kimbe Bay MPA Network Guildines for a Community-Based Planning Process. Draft internal TNC working document, version 2. Contact: glipsett-moore@tnc.org Marshall P.A. and H.Z. Schuttenberg. 2006. A Reef Manager’s Guide to Coral Bleaching. Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, Australia Morita, K. (2007) ‘A Study of the Financing System Possibilities for Adaptation to Climate Change’ Paper presented at the 2007 Amsterdam Conference on Human Dimensions of Global Environmental Change, 24-26 May 2007. Rietbergen, S. T. Hammond, C.Sayegh, F. Hesselink and K. Mooney. 2007. Island Voices – Island Choices: Developing Strategies for Living With Rapid Ecosystem Change in Small Islands. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. 40 pp. Ross, P. 1974. The effects of herbicides in South Vietnam Part B, Working Papers: The effects of herbicides on the mangroves of South Vietnam. National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council. AD-779 015. Patt, A and B. Siebenhuer. 2005. Agent Based Modeling and Adaptation to Climate Change. Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung 74(2):310–320

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Shank, G. C., R. Lee, R.G. Zepp, and E. Bartels. 2006. CDOM production by mangrove leaf litter and Sargassum colonies in Florida Keys coastal waters. Eos Trans AGU 87:36, Ocean Science Meeting Supplement, Abstract OS46N-24. Snover, A.K., L. Whitely Binder, J. Lopez, E. Willmott, J. Kay, D. Howell and J. Simmonds. 2007. Preparing for Climate Change: A Guidebook for Local, Regional and State Governments. In association with and published by ICLEI-Local Governments for Sustainability, Oakland, CA. START. 2008. What is START? Accessed 23 September, 2008 at http://www.start.org/About/whatisstart.html Tri, N.H., W.N. Adger and P.M. Kelly. 1998. Natural resource management in mitigating climate impacts: the example of mangrove restoration in Vietnam. Global Environmental Change 8(1):49-61. Trigoso, E.T. 2007. Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation in Peru: The Case of Puno and Piura. Human Development Report 2007/08. West Coast Governors’ Agreement on Ocean Health: Washington, Oregon and California. May 2008. Offices of the Governors of Washington, Oregon and California. Zepp, R. G., G. Shank, and C. Rosenfeld. 2007. The impact of CDOM photobleaching on UV attenuation near coral reefs in the Florida Keys. ASLO 2007 Aquatic Sciences Meeting, Santa Fe, NM.

20 October 2008 A-1

Appendix A: The Players

See separate Excel file; separate worksheets for national, global/regional, and funders.

Ocean Conservancy Pacific Ocean Climate Change Adaptation Review ORGANIZATION NAME RELEVANT CONTACT INFORMATION

Alaska

Gove

rnm

ent

Department of Fish and Game

Robert ClarkFisheries Scientist

333 Raspberry RoadAnchorage, AK 99518-1599 USA

(907) 267-2222 (main)bob.clark@alaska.govwww.adfg.state.ak.us

Office of the Governor/ Sub-Cabinet of Climate Change

Larry HartigExecutive Director of Sub-cabinet410 Willoughby Avenue, Suite 303

Juneau, AK 99811-1800 USA(907) 465-5066

Larry_Hartig@dec.state.ak.us Office of the Governor/Sub-

Cabinet of Climate Change/Adaptation Advisory

Group

Arthur LakeSubsistence Foods Expertkwkadmin@starband.net

NGO

Alaska Conservation Solutions

Deborah WilliamsPresident

308 G St, Suite 219 Anchorage, AK 99501 USA

(907) 929-9370 (main)www.alaskaconservationsolutions.com

Center for Alaskan Coastal Studies

Marilyn Sigman PO Box 2225

Homer, Alaska 99603 USA(907) 235- 6667 (main)

marilyn@akcoastalstudies.orgwww.akcoastalstudies.org

World Wildlife Fund Bering Sea Program

Bubba CookSenior Fisheries Officer406 G Street, Suite 303

Anchorage, AK 99501 USAbubba.cook@wwfus.org

www.worldwildlife.org/what/wherewework/beringsea

Othe

r

The Center for Global Change

John WalshUniversity of Alaska Fairbanks

PO Box 757740Fairbanks, AK 99775-7740 USA

(907) 474-5818 (main)jwalsh@iarc.uaf.edu

www.cgc.uaf.edu

NORTHEAST PACIFIC

A-2

Ocean Conservancy Pacific Ocean Climate Change Adaptation Review ORGANIZATION NAME RELEVANT CONTACT INFORMATION

Alaska Sea Grant

Paula Cullenberg University of Alaska Fairbanks

794 University Avenue, Suite 238 Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA

(907) 274-9692 (main) anpjc@uaa.alaska.edu www.seagrant.uaf.edu

Britis

h Colu

mbia

Gove

rnm

ent

BC Ministry of the Environment

Jenny Fraser Climate Adaptation Specialist

Jenny.Fraser@gov.bc.ca

Ben KangasniemiBen.Kangasniemi@gov.bc.ca

P.O. Box 9339 STN PROV GOVTVictoria BC V8W 9M1 Canada

(250) 387-1161 (main)www.gov.bc.ca/env/index.html

Western Climate Initiative

Tim LesiukTim.Lesiuk@gov.bc.ca

(250) 356-3011

Warren BellWarren.Bell@gov.bc.ca

(250) 387-7391

www.westernclimateinitiative.org

Natural Resouces Canada-C-CIARN

Carrie SpencerManager of Regional Adaptation Programming

601 Booth StreetOttawa, Ontario K1A 0E8 Canada

(613) 992-0644 (direct)(613) 947-4848 (main)

Carrie.Spencer@nrcan.gc.ca

Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME)

Barry PennerMinister of the Environment of British Columbia

Room 124, Parliament Buildings (V8V 1X4)P.O. Box 9047 Stn. Prov. Govt.Victoria, BC V8W 9E2 Canada

(250) 387-1187 (main)www.ccme.ca/index.html

Canadian Department of Fisheries and Oceans

Dr. Kim Hyatt3190 Hammond Bay Road

Nanaimo, British Columbia V9T 6N7 Canada(250) 756-7217

HyattK@pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca

A-3

Ocean Conservancy Pacific Ocean Climate Change Adaptation Review ORGANIZATION NAME RELEVANT CONTACT INFORMATION

Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA)

200 Promenade du PortageGatineau, Quebec K1A 0G4 Canada

(819) 997-5006 (main)

NGO

Canadian Parks and Wilderness Society (CPAWS) BC Chapter

Sabine JessenManager of Marine Programs

sabine@cpawsbc.org

Chloe O'LoughlinExecutive Director

chloe@cpawsbc.org

410 - 698 Seymour St.Vancouver, BC V6B 3K6 Canada

Tel: (604) 685-7445www.cpawsbc.org

David Suzuki Foundation

Suite 219, 2211 West 4th AvenueVancouver, BC V6K 4S2 Canada

(604) 732-4228 (Foundation main number)(604) 730-9672 (number for contacting Dr. Suzuki)

conatct@davidsuzuki.orgwww.davidsuzuki.org

Forest Ethics

Merran SmithDirector of the BC Coastal Program of ForestEthics

850 West Hastings, Suite 604 Vancouver, BC V6C 1E1

www.forestethics.org

World Wildlife Fund Canada

Hussein Alidina409 Granville St. Suite 1508

Vancouver, BC V6C 1T2 Canadahalidina@wwfcanada.org

www.wwf.ca

Othe

r

Pacific Institute for Climate Solutions (PICS)

PO Box 1700 STN CSC Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2 Canada

(250) 853-3595pics@uvic.ca

www.pics.uvic.ca/index.php

Was

hingto

nGo

vern

men

t

Western Climate InitiativeJanice Adair

(360) 407-0291 (direct)jada461@ecy.wa.gov

www.westernclimateinitiative.org

Climate Action Team (CAT)

Jay J. Manning, DirectorWashington State Department of Ecology, P.O. Box 47600,

Olympia, WA 98504-7600 USA(360) 407-7001 (main)

www.ecy.wa.gov

A-4

Ocean Conservancy Pacific Ocean Climate Change Adaptation Review ORGANIZATION NAME RELEVANT CONTACT INFORMATION

King County Executive OfficeRon Sims

(206) 684-4444 (main)701 Fifth Ave. Suite 3210 Seattle, WA 98104 USA

NGO

Climate Impacts Group (CIG)

Amy SnoverBox 355672 Seattle, WA. 98195-5672

(206) 616-5350 (main)aksnover@u.washington.eduwww.cses.washington.edu/cig

Washington SeaGrant

Penelope D. Dalton, Director3716 Brooklyn Avenue NE

Box 355060Seattle, WA 98105-6716 USA

(206) 543-6600 (main)(206) 685-0380 (fax)

pdalton@u.washington.edu (Personal)seagrant@u.washington.edu (General)

www.wsg.washington.edu

Oreg

onGo

vern

men

t

Oregon Department of Energy

Bill Drumheller Senior Policy Analyst

625 Marion St. NESalem, OR 97301-3737 USA

(503) 378-4035 (direct)bill.drumheller@state.or.gov

www.oregon.gov/ENERGY/index.shtml

NGO

Western Climate InitiativeDave Van't Hof

(503) 986-6534 (main)David.Vanthof@state.or.us

www.westernclimateinitiative.org

Othe

r

Oregon SeaGrant

322 Kerr AdminOregon State University

Corvallis, OR 97331-2131 USA(541) 737-2714 (main)

seagrant.admin@oregonstate.edu seagrant.oregonstate.edu

Califo

rnia

Gove

rnm

ent

California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI)

Dr. Laura Rogers-BennettCalif. Dept. of Fish and Game

PO Box 247Bodega Bay, CA 94923 USA

rogersbe@ucdavis.edu 707-875-2035

www.calcofi.org

California Energy Commission

Linda Spiegel1516 Ninth Street – MS-40Sacramento, CA 95814 USAlspiegel@energy.state.ca.us

(916) 654-4703 (direct)www.energy.ca.gov

A-5

Ocean Conservancy Pacific Ocean Climate Change Adaptation Review ORGANIZATION NAME RELEVANT CONTACT INFORMATION

California Resources Agency

Deborah OrrillClimate Change Advisor

1516 Ninth Street, MS-29Sacramento, CA 95814 USA

(916) 322-3909 (direct)Deborah.Orrill@resources.ca.gov

www.climatechange.ca.gov

Department of Fish and Wildlife

Amber PairisPh.D. DFG Climate Change Advisor

1416 9th Street Sacramento, CA 95814 USA

(916) 445-0411 (main)apairis@dfg.ca.gov

Othe

r

Scripps Institution of Oceanography

Dan Cayan9500 Gilman Drive

La Jolla, CA 92093-0224 USA (858) 534-4507 (direct)

dcayan@ucsd.edu

California SeaGrant

Russell A. Moll University of California San Diego

9500 Gilman Drive, Dept. 0232La Jolla, California 92093-0232 USA

rmoll@ucsd.eduwww-csgc.ucsd.edu

Mexic

oGo

vern

men

t

Cambio Climático en México Periférico 5000, Col. Insurgentes Cuicuilco, C.P. 04530,

Delegación Coyoacán, México D.F.

cambio_climatico.ine.gob.mx

Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR)

Mar Bermejo No. 195Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita La Paz, BCS 23090, México

+(52) (612) 123-8484www.cibnor.mx

Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO)

Avenida Liga PerifericoInsurgentes Sur No. 4903Col. Parques del Pedregal

14010 Mexico, D.F. +(5255) 5004-5000 (main)

conabio@xolo.conabio.gob.mxwww.conabio.gob.mx

Comision Nacional de Protegidas (CONANP)

Camino al Ajusco No. 200, Col. Jardines en la Montaña, Deleg. Tlalpan. C.P. 14210, México D.F.

+(5255) 5449-7000 (main)desarrollo@conanp.gob.mx

www.conanp.gob.mx

A-6

Ocean Conservancy Pacific Ocean Climate Change Adaptation Review ORGANIZATION NAME RELEVANT CONTACT INFORMATION

Instituto Nacional de Ecologia (INE)

Dr Adrian Fernandezafernande@ine.gob.mx

+(5255) 5424-6421 (direct)

Julia MartínezCoordinator of the Climate Change Program

jmartine@ine.gob.mx

Periférico 5000, Col. Insurgentes CuicuilcoDelegación Coyoacan

Mexico D.F.

Instituto Nacional de la Pesca (INP)

Compean Jimenez, GuillermoPitágoras No. 1320,

Col Santa Cruz AtoyacMéxico D.F. 03310

+(52) 555-604-9169compean@inp.semarnap.gob.mx

La Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (SEMARNAT)

Blvd. Adolfo Ruiz Cortines 4209 Col. Jardines de la Montaña 14210 DEL

Tlalpan México, D.F. 56280600 www.semarnat.gob.mx/Pages/inicio.aspx

Secretaria de Relaciones Exteriores

Sra. Socorro Flores LieraDirectora General para Ternas Globales

Plaza Juarez 20, piso 14, Col. Centro, Delegacion Cauhtemoc Mexico D.F.

+(5255) 9159-5628 (main)focalpointmexico@sre.gob.mx

NGO

International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives (ICLEI)

Mexico

Edgar Villaseñor FrancoDirector

edgar.villasenor@iclei.org+(5255) 3640-8725

Río Lerma 302 2o. piso Col. CuauhtémocMéxico, D.F. C.P. 06500 México

Resforestamos

Daniel GarzaCoordinator of Conservation

Av. Yucatan No. 20, despacho 101 y 102Col. Roma, Del Cuauhtemoc

+(5255) 5264-7485 EXT 104 (direct)Mexico, D.F. CP 06700

daniel@reforestamosmexico.org

Costa

Rica

Gove

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ent

Ministerio del Ambiente y Energía (MINAE)

Sr. William Alpizar Zuñiga Avenida 8 y 10, calle 25

Del Edificio de la Corte Suprema de Justice 200 E 5583 San Jose

+(506) 2222-4290 / 7426 +(506) 2223-1837 (main)walpizar@imn.ac.crwww.minae.go.cr

A-7

Ocean Conservancy Pacific Ocean Climate Change Adaptation Review ORGANIZATION NAME RELEVANT CONTACT INFORMATION

Instituto Meteorológico Nacional

Lic. Eladio ZARATE HERNANDEZApartado postal 5583-1000

San JoséCosta Rica

+(506) 222-5616ezarate@imn.ac.cr

NGO

Mar VivaMichael Rothchild info@marviva.net

+(506) 290-3647 (main)

World Wildlife Fund

Carlos DrewsRegional Marine Programme and Species Coordinator

Latin America and the Caribbean+(506) 22 348 434

(By Mail)P.O. Box 02-5635

Miami, FL 33102 USA(By Courier)

DePOPS de Curridabat 300 Sur y150 Oeste, casa bandera blanca frente a condominios Ana

CatalinaSan Jose, Costa Rica

cdrews@wwfca.org

Guate

mala

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Ministerio de Ambiente y Recursos Naturales

Mr. Carlos MANSILLADirector de la Unidad d e Cambio Climatico

+(502) 220-3801 / 3806, ext. 24 (direct)eyamansi@concyt.gov.gt

S.E. Sr. Juan Mario Dary Fuentes + (502) 2423-0502 / (502) 2423-0500 ext 1204

marnguatemala@marn.gob.gt 20 calle 28-58 Zona 10, Edificio MARN 9° Nivel

Ciudad de Guatemala 01001

NGO

United Nations Deveopment Program-Global Environmental

Facility- Community Based Adaptation

Mr. Cesar Alejandro Santos Country CBA Project Director

4a. Calle 16-73 Zona 1 3er. Nivel Oficina FQuetzaltenango City, 09001 Guatemala

+(502) 7765-2068 alesant@intelnet.net.gt

A-8

Ocean Conservancy Pacific Ocean Climate Change Adaptation Review ORGANIZATION NAME RELEVANT CONTACT INFORMATION

Hond

uras

Gove

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Secretaria de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente (SERNA)

Mirza castro +(504) 232-1386 (main)

mosiris_castro@yahoo.com

Sr. Tomás Eduardo Vaquero MorrisSecretario

despachos@serna.gob.hn

100 metros al Sur del Estadio Nacional, Tegucigalpa, M.D.C, Honduras

www.serna.gob.hn

Nica

ragua

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Ministerio del Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (MARENA)

Ing. Francisco GadeaDirector Patrimonio Natural

Sr. Bernardo Rumaldo Tórrez Guerrero Coordinador del Proyecto Dessarollo

+(505) 263-1273 / 1667 (505) 263-1274 (main)btorres@marena.gob.ni

Km 12 1/2 Carretera Norte Frente a Zona Franca Managua, Nicaragua 5123 +(505) 263-2617 (main)

www.marena.gob.ni

Pana

maGo

vern

men

t

Authoridad Nacional del Ambiente (ANAM)

Darysbeth MartínezHead of Cambio Climático y Desertificación

d.martinez@anam.gob.pa

Lic. Gonzalo MENENDEZmenendezgonzalo@gmx.net

+(507) 31- 0855 (main) Edificio 804, Albrook

Apartado C 0843 Balbao Ancon, Panama

National Environmental Authority

Mr. Rene LOPEZTechnical of the Climate Change Unit

Bldg. 804 - Albrook+(507) 500-0845

r.lopez@anam.gob.pa

Centro Regional Ramsar (CREHO)

Rosa MontanezExecutive Director

Ciudad del Saber, Casa 826 A, Clayton 0816-03847, Zona 3, Panama

+(507) 317-1242 (main)Montanez@creho.org

www.creho.org/index.php?option=com_frontpage&Itemid=1&lang=en

A-9

Ocean Conservancy Pacific Ocean Climate Change Adaptation Review ORGANIZATION NAME RELEVANT CONTACT INFORMATION

El Sa

lvado

rGo

vern

men

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Ministro de Medio Ambiente

Sra. Cecilia CarranzaKilómetro 5 ½ Carretera a Santa Tecla, Calle y Colonia Las

Mercedes,Edificio MARN (anexo al edificio ISTA) No. 2, San Salvador,

El Salvador+(503) 2267-9433 (main)ccaranza@marn.gob.sv

www.marn.gob.svSOUTHEAST PACIFIC

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Ministerio de Ambiente

Mr. Javier Andrés HubenthalExecutive Director

Av. Amazonas y Eloy AlfaroEdif. MAG, Piso 11 Ecuador

+(593) 2 2508 510, ext. 106 (direct)jahubent@ambiente.gov.ec

Proyecto de Adaptación al Cambio Climático (PACC)

Davisd NeiraAv. Amazonas y Eloy Alfaro esquina, Ed. Ministerio de

Agricultura piso 11 Quito - Ecuador

+(593) 2250-8510 (main)dneira@ambiente.gov.ecwww.pacc-ecuador.org

NGO World Wildlife Fund Galapagos Irma Larrea

irma.larrea@wwfus.org

Charles Darwin Foundation for the Galapagos Islands

Stuart BanksPuerto Ayora, Santa Cruz Island

Galapagos, Ecuador+(593) 5 2526-146/147 (direct)

Personal: sbanks@fcdarwin.org.ecGeneral: cdrs@fcdarwin.org.ec

www.darwinfoundation.org

Chile

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Las Áreas Marinas y Costeras Protegidas de Múltiples Usos

(AMCP-MU)Teatinos 254 / 258, Santiago Centro, Santiago, Chile

+(56) 2241-1800

Cambio Climatico & Desarollo www.eula.cl

El Centro de Ciencias Medioambientales

C/Serrano, 115-bisMadrid.28006 España

+(34) 91-745-2500 (main) www.ccma.csic.es

Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores Catedral 1158 Santiago, Chile

+(56-2) 679-4201 / 02 (56-2) 696-8796 (main) mingab@minrel.gov.cl

Equa

dor &

Galap

agos

Islan

ds

A-10

Ocean Conservancy Pacific Ocean Climate Change Adaptation Review ORGANIZATION NAME RELEVANT CONTACT INFORMATION

Comisión Nacional del Medio Ambiente (CONAMA)

Sr. Fernando FariasTeatinos 258

Santiago, Chile+(562) 240-5600 (main)

ffarias@conama.clwww.conama.cl

Colom

biaGo

vern

men

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Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (INVEMAR)

Mr. Francisco Arias Cerro Punta Betín - Santa Marta, Colombia

A.A. 1016 +(575) 438-0808

Isaza fariasis@.invemar.org.cowww.invemar.org.co

Instituto de Hidrología, Meteorología y Estudios

Ambientales (IDEAM)

Carlos CostaCarrera 10 No. 20-30 Bogotá D.C. - PBX Colombia

+(571) 352-7160 (main)ccosta@ideam.gov.co

www.ideam.gov.co

Minestry of the Environment and Sustainable Development

Mrs. Andrea Garcia GuerreroColombian Climate Change Mitigation Coordinator

+(571) 332-2400, ext. 1179 (direct)agarcia@minambiente.gov.co

Yasim QuirogaAdaptation Initiative Coordinatoryquiroga@minambiente@gov.co

Calle 37 No. 8-40, 4th floorwww.minambiente.gov.co

NGO

Conservación Internacional Colombia

Fabio Arjona Executive Director Cra. 13 No. 71 - 41 Bogotá, Colombia

+(703) 341-6002 (direct) f.arjona@conservation.orgwww.conservation.org.co

Instituto Alexander von Humboldt

Fernando GastDirector (Biologist)Carrera 7 no. 35-20Bogota, Colombia

+(571) 608-6900 (main)dirgeneral@humboldt.org.co

www.humboldt.org.co

A-11

Ocean Conservancy Pacific Ocean Climate Change Adaptation Review ORGANIZATION NAME RELEVANT CONTACT INFORMATION

World Wildlife Fund Colombia

Cesar Suarezcfsuarez@wwf.org.co

Luis Alonso Zapata Padilla lazapata@wwf.org.co

+(572) 558-2577 (main)WWF Colombia - Sede Principal

Carrera 35 No.4A-25,Cali, Colombia

www.wwf.org.co

Netherlands Climate Assistance Program

Mr. Francisco Arias - Isaza Director of INVEMAR

Cerra de Punta Betin, Camino del Puerto, Santa Marta, Colombia

+(575) 431-2975 (main)fariasis@invemar.org.co

www.nlcap.net/countries/colombia

Peru

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Instituto Nacional de Recursos Naturales (INRENA)

Dr. Isaac Roberto Ángeles Lazo cambioclimatico@inrena.gob.pe

Aldrin Contreras Floresacontreras@inrena.gob.pe

Miryan García Donayre mgarciad@inrena.gob.pe

Calle Diecisiete Nro.355Urb. El Palomar, San Isidro

Lima, Peru+(511) 224-3298 (main)

www.inrena.gob.pe

Naturales Ministerio del Ambiente

Sra. Vanessa Vereau LaddViceministra de Desarollo Estratégico de los Recursos Av.

Guardia Civil 205, San Borja Lima +(511) 225-5370 Ext. 223 (main)

vvereau@minam.gob.pe

Consejo Nacional del Ambiente (CONAM)

Mrs. Maria Esperanza Castaneda PintoExecutive Secretary

Guardia Civil No. 205 Lima 18, Peru +(511) 225-5370, ext. 213 (direct)

+(511) 475-5240 (main)mae@conam.gob.pe

The Servicio Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología del

Perú (SENAMHI)

Jr. Cahuide 785 Jesús María, Lima11 Peru, Central

+(511) 614-1414oci@senamhi.gob.pe

A-12

Ocean Conservancy Pacific Ocean Climate Change Adaptation Review ORGANIZATION NAME RELEVANT CONTACT INFORMATION

NGO

World Wildlife Fund Peru

Juan Riveros jc.riveros@wwfperu.org.pe

Michael Valquimichael.valqui@wwfperu.org.pe

SOUTHERN PACIFIC

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ent

Department of Environment and Environment and Conservation

Dr. Wari IamoSecretary

+(675) 325-0180odir@daltron.com.pg

PO Box 6601Boroko, PNG

NGO

The Nature Conservancy

Alison Green 51 Edmondstone Street

South Brisbane QLDP.O. Box 267. Kimbe Bay, PNG

agreen@tnc.orgwww.nature.org/wherewework/asiapacific/papuanewguin

ea

World Wildlife Fund Papua New Guinnea

Section 225 Allotment 11 & 12

Kunai Street , Hohola, PNG +675 3239 855/3253 334 (main)

wwfpng@wwfpacific.org.pg

NGO

United Nations Development Program- Global Environment

Facility (UNDP- GEF)

Mr. Merawe DegembaNational Coordinator

UNDP, P.O. Box 1041, Port Moresby, PNG+(675) 321-2877 (main)

merawe.degemba@undp.org

Fiji

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Ministry of Environment

Mr. Cama Tuiloma Chief Executive Officer

camatuiloma@connect.com.fj

Ms Nirupa RamODS Officer

nirupa_r23@hotmail.com

2nd Floor, Fiji Football Association House 4 Gladstone Road Suva, Fiji

+(679) 330-4364 (main)

NGO

World Wildlife Fund Fiji72 McGregor Road

Suva ,Fiji Islands +(679) 331-5533 (main)

www.wwfpacific.org.fj/where_we_work/fiji/about.cfm

Othe

r

The University of the South PacificLaucala Campus

Suva, Fiji+(679) 323-1000 (main)

Papu

a New

Guinn

ea

A-13

Ocean Conservancy Pacific Ocean Climate Change Adaptation Review ORGANIZATION NAME RELEVANT CONTACT INFORMATION

New

Caled

onia

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Gouvernement de la Nouvelle Caledonie

8, ROUTE DES ARTIFICES BP M2 - 98849 NOUMÉA CEDEX

+ (24) 65 65 (main) www.gouv.nc/index.jsp

Ameri

can S

amoa

Gove

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ent

Governor's Office

Togiola T.A. TulafonoGovernor of American Samoa

Office of the GovernorExecutive Office Building

Third Floor, UtuleiPago Pago, American Samoa 96799

+(684) 633-4116 (main)Chief of Staff: Mr. Pati Faiai

Coral Reef Advisory GroupJeremy Goldberg

Department of Commerceinfo@crag.as

Samo

aGo

vern

men

t

Ministry of Natural Resources, Environment and Meteorology

(MNREM)

Mr Sailimalo PATIPati.Liu@mnre.gov.ws +(0685) 24799 (main)

+685 31197, 31198www.govt.ws

Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade

Mr. Aiono Mose Pouvi SuaSecretary

(685)2-5313 (main)mfa@mfa.gov.ws

P.O. Box L1859 Apia, Samoa

National Parks, Recreation and Water Conservation

Faumuina Liuga+(0685) 24799

+685 31197, 31198www.govt.ws

Othe

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UNDP-GEF CBA

Ms. Leilani Duffy c/o UNDP Samoa Country Office,Private Mail Bag

Apia, Samoa +685 23670 (main)

leilani.duffy@undp.org

Matuaileoo Environment Trust Inc. ( METI)

Dr. Walter VermeulenExecutive Directorwalter@meti.ws

wvermeulen2004@yahoo.co.nz

A-14

Ocean Conservancy Pacific Ocean Climate Change Adaptation Review ORGANIZATION NAME RELEVANT CONTACT INFORMATION

Solom

on Is

lands

Gove

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Ministry of Forestry, Environment and Conservation

JOE HURUTARAUPRINCIPAL CONSERVATION OFFICER

+(677) 242125 (main)jhurutarau@gmail.com

P.O. Box G 24, Honiara, Solomon Islands

Meteorological Service

Mr. Chanel IroiDirector of Meteorology

P.O. Box 21 Honiara, Solomon Islands+(677) 242125 (main)

c.iroi@met.gov.sb www.met.gov.sb

Solomon Island Development Trust (SIDT)

Mr Abraham BaenesiaExecutive Director

P.O Box 147Honiara, Solomon Islands

+(677) 23409 (main)sidtcid@solomon.com.sb

www.fspi.org.fj/affiliates/solomon.htm

WWF Solomon Islands

PO Box 1373 SIDT Building

New China Town Honiara ,Solomon Islands G87

+(677) 28023 (main)

Othe

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Forum Fisheries Agency

PO Box 629 Honiara, Solomon Islands

+(677) 21124 (main) info@ffa.intwww.ffa.int/

Gove

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Ministry of Lands, Survey, Environment, Energy, Minerals

and Water Affairs

Mr. Ernest Bani Head of Environment Unit

Private Mail Bag 063, Port Vila VANGOV NH

+(678) 25302 (direct)

Department of Meteorology PMB 9054 Port Vila +(678) 22331

Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources

Y

Hon. Jackleen Rueben Titek Ambilmasdan Minister

Private Mail Bag 9007, Port Vila +(678) 23105, 27833

NGO Foundation for the Peoples of the

South Pacific Vanuatu (FSPV) www.fsp.org.vu/FSP.htm

Repu

blic o

f Van

uatu

NG

O

A-15

Ocean Conservancy Pacific Ocean Climate Change Adaptation Review ORGANIZATION NAME RELEVANT CONTACT INFORMATION

Cook

Islan

dsGo

vern

men

t

Ministry of Foreign Affairs & Immigration

Mike Mitchell Secretary

PO Box 105 Rarotonga, Cook Islands

+(682) 29347 (main)secfa@foraffairs.gov.ck

National Environment Service

Ms. Ina Kamana Acting Director

+(682) 21256, 24256 (direct)

Ms. Pasha Carruthers Climate Change Research Technical Officer

resources@environment.org.ck

P.O. Box 371, Rarotonga, Cook Islands www.environment.org.ck

NGO

WWF Cook IslandsSylvia George

+(682) 25093 (main) PO Box 649 Tupapa

Rarotonga, Cook Islands

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Department of Climate Change

Mr. Robert Owen-Jones Assistant Secretary

John Gorton Building, King Edward Terrace PARKES ACT 2600, GPO Box 854 Canberra Australia

robert.owen-jones@climatechange.gov.au +(61-2) 6275-9757

Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority

Paul MarshallManager of Climate Policy

2-68 Flinders Street PO Box 1379

Townsville Q 4810 Australia

Australian Geenhouse Office

Mr Ian Carruthers GPO Box 854 Canberra

ACT 2601 Australia +(61) 02 6274-1888

ian.carruthers@greenhouse.gov.auwww.climatechange.gov.au

NGO

World Wildlife Fund Australia

Cassandra BrookeGPO Box 528

Sydney, New South Wales 2001 Australiacbrooke@wwf.org.au

www.wwf.org.au

Austr

alia

A-16

Ocean Conservancy Pacific Ocean Climate Change Adaptation Review ORGANIZATION NAME RELEVANT CONTACT INFORMATION

Kiriba

tiGo

vern

men

t

Ministry of Environment andDevelopment

Mr. Andrew S TeemActing Climate Change and ODS Officer

ast.mesd2@tskl.net.ki;andrewteem@hotmail.com;

mesd@tskl.net.k

Mr. Tukabu TerorokoPermanent Secretary

+(686) 28211, 28593 (direct)

PO Box 234Bikenibeu, Tarawa, Kiribati

+(686) 28000 (main)

NGO

Peoples of the South Pacific Kiribati (FSPK)

P.O. Box 43 Bairiki, Tarawa

Republic of Kiribati fsp@tskl.net.ki

Naur

u Department of Industry and Economic

Development

Mr. Joseph CainSecretary

+(674) 444-3181 (main)jcain@cenpac.net.nr

Secretary for Foreign AffairsMs. Angie Itsimaera+(674) 444-3191-16

ai@cenpac.net.n Department of Economic

DevelopmentMr. Roxen Agadio

Environment Officerwarwick_harris@hotmail.com

New

Zeala

nd

Ministry for the Environment

Dr Andy ReisingerClimate Change Officer

andy.reisinger@mfe.govt.nz

Ms. Helen Plumehelen.plume@mfe.govt.nz

23 Kate Sheppard Place P.O. Box 10362 Wellington 6001

New Zealand+(644) 916-7629 (main)www.mfe.govt.nz/issues

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A-17

Ocean Conservancy Pacific Ocean Climate Change Adaptation Review ORGANIZATION NAME RELEVANT CONTACT INFORMATION

Department of Conservation (DOC)

Al MorrisonDirector General

Research and Development, Wellington Whare Kaupapa Atawhai

18 - 32 Manners StreetWellington 6011 PO Box 10420

Wellington 6143 +(644) 471-0726 (main)

www.doc.govt.nz

National Climate Centre

Rob Bell r.bell@niwa.co.nz

David Wratt d.wratt@niwa.co.nz

Private Bag 99940, Auckland369 Khyber Pass Road, Newmarket, Auckland

New Zealand+(649) 375-209 (main)

2091www.niwascience.co.nz/ncces

National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research Limited

Penehuro LefalePacific Islands Climate Research Liaison Officer

269 Khyber Pass Road, NewmarketAuckland, New Zealand+(649) 375-2050 (main)

p.lefale@niwa.cri.nzwww.niwa.cri.nz

Toke

lauGo

vern

men

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The Administrator of Tokelau

Mr Filipo LuiC/- Office of the Administrator of Tokelau

Private Bag 18 901Wellington, New Zealand+(644) 439-8000 (main)filipo.lui@mfat.govt.nz

www.tokelaulaw.tk

Kingd

om of

Tong

aGo

vern

men

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Environmental Department

Mr. Uilou Samani Director of Environment

usdoe@kalianet.to

Mr. Tukia Sione LepaConservation Officer

tltukia@kalianet.to; tlepacs@hotmail.com

P.O.Box 917 Nuku'alofa, Kingdom of Tonga+(676) 25738 (main)

www.pmo.gov.to

Othe

r

A-18

Ocean Conservancy Pacific Ocean Climate Change Adaptation Review ORGANIZATION NAME RELEVANT CONTACT INFORMATION

Ministry of Lands, Survey, Natural Resources & Environment

Dr. Sione Nailasikau Halatuituiawww.lands.gov.to

Department of Fisheries

Sopu, Vuna RoadP.O.Box 871Nuku'alofa

Kingdom of Tonga +(676) 21399, 27799 (main)fisheries@tongafish.gov.to

www.tongafish.gov.to

Tuva

luGo

vern

men

t

Department of Environment

Ms. Pepetua LatasiOzone Depleting Substances Officer

Private Mail BagFunafuti, Tuvalu

+(688) 20162/79 (main)enviro@tuvalu.tv; latasi6448@hotmail.com

Pitca

irn, U

KGo

vern

men

t

Pitcairn Government OfficeP.O. Box 105 696

Auckland, New Zealandwww.government.pn/index.html

NORTH CENTRAL PACIFIC

Hawa

ii + N

WHI

Hawaii Coastal Zone Management Program

P.O. Box 2359Honolulu, HI 96804 USA(808) 587-2846 (main)hawaii.gov/dbedt/czm

Hawaii SeaGrant

Director's Office2525 Correa Road, HIG 238

Honolulu, HI 96822 USA(808) 956-7031

sgdir@hawaii.eduwww.soest.hawaii.edu/SEAGRANT/index.php

Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument

Main Office: 6600 Kalaniana`ole Hwy, #300Honolulu, HI 96825 USA(808) 397-2660 (main)hawaiireef@noaa.gov

hawaiireef.noaa.gov/welcome.html

Othe

r

Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary

Naomi McIntosh Sanctuary Superintendent

Main Office: 6600 Kalaniana`ole Hwy, #301Honolulu, HI 96825 USA(808) 397-2651 (main)

naomi.mcintosh@noaa.govhawaiihumpbackwhale.noaa.gov

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A-19

Ocean Conservancy Pacific Ocean Climate Change Adaptation Review ORGANIZATION NAME RELEVANT CONTACT INFORMATION

Gove

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Chuuk EPA

Joseph M. KonnoExecutive Director

PO Box 189Weno, Chuuk FM 96942+(691) 330-4158 (main)

cpiccap@mail.fm

Pohnpei EPAP.O. Box 312

Kolonia, Pohnpei, FM 96941 +(691) 320-2927 (main)

Kosrae EPA

Simpson AbrahamProgram Director

Kosrae State GovernmentBox DRC Tofol, Kosrae, FM 96944

+(691) 370-2076 (main)simpson@mail.fm

Yap EPAP.O. Box 178

Colonia, Yap FM 96943 +(691) 360-2113 (main)

epayap@mail.fm

NOAA's National Weather Service

David AranugMeteorologist in Charge

P.O. Box 10Yap State, FSM 96943

+(691) 350-2194 (main)david.aranug@noaa.gov

National Oceanic Resource Management. Authority (NORMA)

Eugene PangelinanDeputy DirectorP.O. Box PS122

Palikir, Pohnpei 96941+(691) 320-2700 (main)

eugenep@mma.fminfo@norma.fm (general email)

www.norma.fm

Kosrae Island Resource Management Program

Simpson Abraham, Program DirectorP.O. Box DRC, Kosrae Federated States of Micronesia

96944+(691) 370-2076 (main)

simpson@mail.fm

Office of Environment and Emergency Management

Mr. Andrew Yatilman, Director P.O. Box PS-69 Palikir, Pohnpei

+(691) 320-8814/8815 (direct)climate@mail.fm

Micro

nesia

, Fed

erated

State

s

A-20

Ocean Conservancy Pacific Ocean Climate Change Adaptation Review ORGANIZATION NAME RELEVANT CONTACT INFORMATION

Sustainable Development OfficeDepartment of Economic Affairs

Mr. John MootebCoordinator

P.O. Box PS12Palikir, Pohnpei FM 96941 +(691) 320-2646 (main)

climate@mail.fm; jemooteb@hotmail.com

Office for Marine ResourcesMr Francis Itimai

Deputy Assistant Secretary +(691) 320-2646 (main)fsmfisheries@mail.fm

NGO

The Nature Conservancy, Federated States of Micronesia

Bill RaynorP.O. Box 216, Kolonia, Pohnpei, FSM 96941

+(691) 320-4267 (main)braynor@mail.fm

Othe

r

Yap Community Action Program

Charles ChiengExecutive Director

P.O. Box 41216Colonia, Yap 96943

+(691) 359-2190 (main)ycap@mail.fm

Conservation Society of Pohnpei

Willie KostkaExecutive Director

P.O. Box 2461, KoloniaPohnpei, FM 96941

+(691) 320-5409 (main)csp@mail.fm

College of Micronesia

Allain BourgoinMarine Science Professor

Box 254 Pohnpei, FSM 96941+(691) 320-2480 x225 (direct)

allanb@comfsm.fm

YAP Institute of Natural ScienceMargie Falanruw

P.O. Box 215, Yap, FM 96943+(691) 350-2104 (main)

mfalanruw@mail.fm

Pacific Marine Resources InstitutePO Box 10003, PMB 1156,

Saipan, MP 96950pacificmarineresourcesinsitute@yahoo.com

Marsh

all Is

lands

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Marshall Islands Marine Resources Authority- MIMRA

Berry MullerChief Fisheries Officer, OIA Division

P.O. Box 860Majuro, Marshall Islands 96960+(692) 625-8262/5632 (direct)

bmuller@mimra.com

A-21

Ocean Conservancy Pacific Ocean Climate Change Adaptation Review ORGANIZATION NAME RELEVANT CONTACT INFORMATION

NOAA's National Weather Service

Reginald WhiteMeteorologist in Charge

Majuro P.O. Box 78Majuro, Marshall Islands 96960+(692) 625-5705/3214 (direct)

reginald.white@noaa.gov

Environmental Protection Agency (RMIEPA)

John BungitakP.O. Box 1322

Majuro, Marshall Islands 96960+(692) 625-3035/5203 (main)

rmiepa@ntamar.netwww.mimra.com

Office of Environmental Planning, Policy, and Coordination

Ms. Yumi CrisostomoDirector

P.O Box 15Majuro, Marshall Islands 96960+(692) 625-7944/5199 (main)

oeppc@ntamar.netbiormi.org/oeppc/index.oeppc

Othe

r

Hawaii Ocean Observing System (HiOOS)

Chris E Ostrander Regional Coordinator

University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology

POST Building, Room 105 A, B Honolulu, HI 96822 USA+(808) 956-5902 (main)

chriso@hawaii.edu

Palau

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Palau Environmental Quality Protection Board

P.O. Box 100, Koror, Palau 96940

(680) 488-1639 (main)eqbp@palaunet.com

Office of Environmental Response and Coordination

Olai U. PolloiClimate Change Coordinator

P.O. Box 7086Koror, Palau 96940

+(680) 488-6950 ext. 241 (direct)opolloi@palau-oerc.net

NGO

Palau Conservation Society

Asap Bukurrou, Senior Marine OfficerP.O. Box 1811

Koror, Palau 96940Republic of Palau

+(680) 488-3993/4716 (direct) pcs@palaunet.comwww.palau-pcs.org

A-22

Ocean Conservancy Pacific Ocean Climate Change Adaptation Review ORGANIZATION NAME RELEVANT CONTACT INFORMATION

Palau Field Office, The Nature Conservancy, Asia/Pacific Region

Eric VerheijProtected Areas Network Advisor

P.O. Box 1738, Koror, Palau 96940

+(680) 488-2017 (main)everheij@palaunet.com

Othe

r

Coral Reef Research Foundation

Patrick L. Colin, Ph.D Director/President

P.O. Box 1765Koror, Palau 96940

+(680) 488-5123 (main)crrf@palaunet.com (general email)

www.coralreefresearchfoundation.org

Palau International Coral ReefCenter

Carol Emauroiscemaurois@picrc.org

Yimnang GolbuuChief Researcher

ygolbuu@picrc.org

P.O. Box 7086Koror, Palau 96940

Gove

rnm

ent

Coastal Resources Management Office

John JoynerDirector

P.O. 10007, Saipan, MP 96950+(670) 664-8308 (direct)+(670) 664-8300 (main)

john.joyner@crm.gov.mpwww.crm.gov.mp

Division of Environmental Quality

Jeremy ShawPO Box 501304

Saipan, MP 96950+(670) 664-8517 (main)

jeremyshaw@deq.gov.mp

Department of Land & Natural Resources (DLNR)

Ignacio Dela CruzLower Base, P.O. Box 10007

Saipan, MP 96950+(670) 322-9830 (main)itdlcruz@pticom.com

Department of Land & Natural Resources (DLNR)/Division of Fish

& Wildlife (DFW)

Sylvan Igisomar Director

PO Box 10007Saipan, MP 96950

+(670) 664-6000/04 (main)sylvanoi@gmail.com

www.dfw.gov.mp

CNMI

- N M

arian

as

A-23

Ocean Conservancy Pacific Ocean Climate Change Adaptation Review ORGANIZATION NAME RELEVANT CONTACT INFORMATION

Department of Land & Natural Resources (DLNR)/Parks &

Recreation

Tony BenaventeP.O. Box 502744

Saipan, MP 96950+(670) 234-7405 (main)

CNMI Marine Monitoring Program, Saipan

Peter HoukDivision of Environmental Quality

deq.biologist@saipan.com +(670) 664-8505 (main)

www.cnmicoralreef.net/monitoring.htm

Natural Resources Conservation Service

Scott CrockettNatural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS)

P.O. Box 5082 CHRBSaipan, MP 96950

+(670) 236-0888 (main)

Guam

Gove

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ent

EPA

Mike GawelP.O. Box 22439 GMF

Barrigada, Guam 96921 USA+(671) 475-1646 (direct)

+1 (671) 475-1658/9 (main)Mike.Gawel@guamepa.net

www.guamepa.govguam.net/index.html

NOAA's National Weather ServiceGuam Forecast Office

3232 Hueneme RdBarrigada, Guam 96913 +(671) 472-0900 (main)

Guam Coastal Management Office

Francis Damian- Plannerfdamian@mail.gov.gu

Ray Casere- Planner rcaseres@mail.gov.gu

P.O. 2950Hagatna, Guam 96932

+(671) 472-4201/2/3 (main)www.bsp.guam.gov/content/category/6/15/37

Bureau of Statistics and Plans

Amelia DeLeonafdeleon@mail.gov.gu

Maria Kottermaimarylooh@gmx.de

P.O. 2950Hagatna, Guam 96932

+(671) 472-4201/2/3 (main)www.bspguam.com

Othe

r

A-24

Ocean Conservancy Pacific Ocean Climate Change Adaptation Review ORGANIZATION NAME RELEVANT CONTACT INFORMATION

Othe

r

War in the Pacific National Historic Park

Jenny DrakeBiological Technician

135 Murray Boulevard Hagåtña, Guam 96910

+(671) 472-7240 x233 (main) jenny_drake@nps.gov

Gove

rnm

ent

PACIFIC REMOTE ISLANDS NWR Complex

Don Palawski, Program Coordinator300 Ala Moana Boulevard, Box 50167 Honolulu, HI 96850

USA(808) 541-1201 (main)

Don_Palawski@fws.gov

Palmyra Research Consortium

William SmithRefuge Manager

300 Ala Moana Blvd, Box 50167Honolulu, HI 9685 USA(808) 792-9550 (main)

william_smith@fws.gov

PACIFIC OCEAN AND EAST ASIAN SEAS

Camb

odia

Gove

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ent

Ministry of Environment, Climate Change Office

Mr Heng Chan Thoeun#48, Samdech Preah Sihanouk Blvd, Sangkat Tonle Bassac,

Khan Chamkar Mon, Phnom Penh, Cambodia(855) 23 218 370 (main)

(855) 16 577 899 (direct) hcthoeun@yahoo.com

www.moe.gov.kh

Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF)

#200 Norodom Blvd., Sangkat Tonle Basak, Khan Chamkarmorn, Phnom Penh, Cambodia

+(023) 211351 / 211352 (main)maff@everyday.com.kh

www.maff.gov.kh

Ministry of Rural Development (MRD)

Corner Street # 169 and Russian BoulevardPhnom Penh, Cambodia+(023) 880007 (main)

mrd@cambodia.gov.kh www.mrd.gov.kh

Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology (MOWRAM)

No 47, Norodom Blvd., Phnom Penh +(023) 724289/ 724327 (main)

mowram@cambodia.gov.kh www.mowram.gov.kh

Singa

pore

Gove

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ent

Ministry of the Environment and Water Resources (Climate Change

& Projects)

Wilson Siah 40 Scotts Road

Singapore 228231wilson_siah@nea.gov.sg

app.mewr.gov.sg/web/Contents/ContentsNCC.aspx?ContId=452

US as

socia

ted re

mote

islan

ds

A-25

Ocean Conservancy Pacific Ocean Climate Change Adaptation Review ORGANIZATION NAME RELEVANT CONTACT INFORMATION

Othe

r

Singapore-Delft Water Alliance

Klaas Pieter VisserBlock E1 Level 08-25

No 1 Engineering Drive 2 Singapore 117576

+(65) 65168304 (main)g0701162@nus.edu.sg

www.sdwa.nus.edu.sg/about.html

Thail

and

Gove

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ent

Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment

Mr Plodprasop Suraswadi 92 Soi PhahonYothin RoadBangkok 10400 Thailand+(66) 22 982 014 (main)

NGO

Yadfon (raindrop) Association

Mr. Pisit Charnsnoh16/4 Rakchan road

Muang districtTrang 92000 Thailand

+(66) 75 219 737 (main)yadfon@loxinfo.co.th

Vietn

amGo

vern

men

t

Minstry of Natural Resources and the Environment (MONRE)

Dr. Nguyen Van Tai Deputy Director General

83 Nguyen Chi Thanh StreetDong Da district, Hanoi, Vietnam

+(84) 4 835 7910 (main)nvtai@yahoo.com

Vietnam Environmental Protection Agency (VEPA)

67 Nguyen Du Street, Hanoi, Vietnam +(84) 04 577 1816 (main)

www.nea.gov.vn/english/index.aspx

Othe

r

Netherlands Climate Assistance Program (NCAP) Vietnam Program

Mr. Le Nguyen TuongInstitute of Meteorology and Hydrology

5/62 Nguyen Chi Thanh Road Dong Da District, Ha Noi, Vietnam

+(84) 4 773 1513 (main) tuong@vkttv.edu.vn

Philip

pines

Gove

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ent

Department of EnvironmentDENR compound

& Natural Resources

Engr. Julian D. AMADORVisayas Avenue, DilimanQuezon City, Philippines+(63) 2 927 1517 (main)

emb@emb.gov.ph

NGO

World Wildlife Fund Philippines

Raf SengaManager, Climate & Energy Program

JBD Plaza Bldg 65 Mindanao Avenue BarangayBagong Pag-asa

Quezon City 1105 Philippines +(63) 917 848 5575rsenga@wwf.org.ph

A-26

Ocean Conservancy Pacific Ocean Climate Change Adaptation Review ORGANIZATION NAME RELEVANT CONTACT INFORMATION

Othe

r Centre for Initiatives and Research on Climate Adaptation

(CICRA)

Manuel "Nong" C. Rangasanongrangasa@yahoo.com

www.albaycirca.org

Malay

siaGo

vern

men

t

Conservation and Environmental Management Division

Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment

Dr Zulkifli IdrisAras 5, Blok C5, Parcel C

Pusat Pentadbiran Kerajaan Persekutuan62662 Putrajaya, Malaysia +(603) 8 885 8033 (main)

drzul@moste.gov.my

National Hydraulic Research Institute of Malaysia (NAHRIM)

Ir. Dr. Salmah ZakariaDirector General

Lot 5377, Jalan Putra Permai,43300 Seri Kembangan,

Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia+(603) 8 948 3033 (main)

iphk@nahrim.gov.my agrolink.moa.my/nahrim

Indon

esia

Division of Adaption of Climate Change, Ministry of Environment

Mr Dadang HilmanDivision Head

KNLH, Gd. A Lt 6Jalan Panjaitan Kav. 24

Jakarta 13410 Indonesia+(62) 21 851 7164 (main)salmah@nahrim.gov.my;

d_hilman@menlh.go.id; climate@menlh.go.idSub-Division for Adaptation to

Climate Change, Ministry of Environment

Yulia SuryantiOtorita Batam, Building 'A', 6th Floor,

13410 Jakarta, Indonesia ysuryanti@menlh.go.id

NGO

WWF IndonesiaChairul Saleh

Climate Change Coordinatorcsaleh@wwf.or.id

Reef Check Foundation Indonesia Setiasih Naneng nanengsetiasih@yahoo.com

East

Timor

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ent

National Directorate for Environmental Services

Mr. Adao Soares BarbosaAleixo Corte Real St., Formento Building, Dili, East Timor

+(670) 727-1436 / 333-1118 (main)adsan_woll@yahoo.com

NGO

Haburas Foundation

P.O. BOX 390Rua Celestino da Silva, Farol, Dili, East Timor

+(670) 331-0103 (main) haburaslorosae@yahoo.com

haburasfoundation.orgNORTHWEST PACIFIC

Gove

rnm

ent

A-27

Ocean Conservancy Pacific Ocean Climate Change Adaptation Review ORGANIZATION NAME RELEVANT CONTACT INFORMATION

Ministry ofLand, Infrastructure and

Transport (MOLIT)

2-1-3 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-kuTokyo 100-8918 Japan

+(81) 3 5253-8111 (main)www.mlit.go.jp/index_e.html

Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MOAFF)

1-2-1,Kasumigaseki,Chiyoda-kuTokyo 100Y8950, Japan

www.maff.go.jp/e/index.html

Ministry of the Environment Climate Change Policy Division

Global Environment Bureau

Ms. Akiko Nakagawa1-2-2,Kasumigaseki,Chiyoda-ku

Tokyo 100Y8950, Japan+81 3 5521 8330 (main)

E-Mail: akiko_nakagawa@env.go.jpwww.env.go.jp/en

Global Warming Prevention Headquarters

Yuri OnoderaDirector of Climate

1-6-1 Nagata-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8968, Japan

+(81) 3 5253-2111 (main)www.kantei.go.jp/foreign/policy/ondanka/index_e.html

National Institute for Environmental Studies

16-2 Onogawa Tsukuba-shi Ibaraki 305-0053 Japan

+(81) 2 9850-2308 (main)URL: www.nies.go.jp

NGO

Japan Centre for Climate Change Action

Davinchi Kamiyacho Building 2Fl. 1-11-9 Azabudai,Minato-ku, Tokyo 106-0041 Japan+(81) 3 5114-1281 (main)

center@jccca.org www.jccca.org

WWF Japan

Naoyuki Yamagishi Climate Change Programme

+(81) 3 3769 3509 (main)yamagishi@wwf.or.jp

www.wwf.or.jp/eng/index.htm

Gove

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ent

Korean National Park Service

Taeyoung B/D 252-5 Gongdeok-dong Mapo Seoul, Republic of Korea

+(82) 2 3279-2807 (main)francis@knps.or.kr; sbryoo@me.go.kr

english.knps.or.kr

Inter-Ministerial Committee on Climate Change

Office of the Prime MinisterCentral Government Complex

55 Sejong-no, Jongno-guSeoul, Korea (110-760)

+(82) 2 2100-2114 (main)www.pmo.go.kr/eng.do?menuSID=221

Japan

Gove

rnm

ent

Rebu

blic o

f Kor

ea

A-28

Ocean Conservancy Pacific Ocean Climate Change Adaptation Review ORGANIZATION NAME RELEVANT CONTACT INFORMATION

Ministry ofEnvironment (MOE)

Government Complex-Gwacheon 1, Joongang-dong, Gwacheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 427-729 Korea

+82-2-2110-6561 (main)eng.me.go.kr/docs/index.html

Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA)

45 Gisangcheong-gil Dongjak-gu Seoul 156-720, Republic of Korea

master_kma@kma.go.krweb.kma.go.kr/eng/index.jsp

Korean Federation for Environmental Movement

251,Nooha dong Chongro-guSeoul, Korea 110-806

+82-2-735-7000 (main)web@kfem.or.kr

english.kfem.or.kr

Korean Commission on Sustainable Developmen

17th Fl, Kyobo Life Insurance Bldg, Jongno-1ga, Jongno-gu Seoul, Korea, 110-714+(02)2180-2250 (main)

pcsd@pcsd.go.krwww.pcsd.go.kr/eng/eng_about01.html

Demo

cratic

Repu

blic o

f Kor

eaGo

vern

men

t

China

Gove

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ent

National Coordination Committee on Climate Change

c/o National Development and Reform CommissionDepartment of Regional Economy

38.S.Yuetan Street,Beijing 100824 People’s Republic of China

www.ccchina.gov.cn/en

State Ocean Administration of China

Mr. Lianzeng ChenDeputy Administrator

State Oceanic Administration1, Fuxingmenwai Ave

Beijing 100860 People’s Republic of China+(86-10) 6803 3231 (main)

www.soa.gov.cn/hyjww/index.htm

A-29

Ocean Conservancy Pacific Ocean Climate Change Adaptation Review ORGANIZATION NAME RELEVANT CONTACT INFORMATION

China Meteorological Administration

Dr Dahe QIN46, Zhongguancun Nandajie

Beijing 100081 People’s Republic of China +(86-10) 6840 6662 (direct)+(86-10) 6840 7703 (main)

zgqxj@cma.gov.cn (organization)qdh@cma.gov.cn (individual)

www.cma.gov.cn/en

Ningxia Meteorological Observatory

Ms Li JianpingYinchuan 750002,

People’s Republic of China+ 86 951 5043015 (main)

lijp_111@163.com; nxlyc@163.com

NGO

WWF China

Ma Chaodechdma@wwfchina.org

Room 1609 Wenhua GongBeijing Working People's Culture Palace (Laodong Renmin

Wenhuagong Dongmen)Beijing 100006, People’s Republic of China

+86 10 6522 7100 (main) wwfchina@wwfchina.org (general)

www.wwfchina.org

Russi

a Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and

Environmental Monitoring (Roshydromet)

H.E. Mr. Alexander Bedritsky, Head Novovagan'kovsky Street 12 Moscow, Russia

+7(4952)552-104 (main)stulinov@mcc.mecom.ru

Kamchatka League of Independent Experts

Andrei Abikh, liga@klie.ru

+7(4152) 420-996klie.ru

Initiative Network of Regional Activists (ISAR-Far East)

+7(4232) 211-096+7(4232) 269-606+7(4232) 205-315

www.isardvrc.ru/index.php?topic=236

Sakhalin Environment Watch

Kommunistichesky 301 - 27a, Yuzhno Sakhalinsk 693007, Russia

+7(4242) 747-518 (main)watch@dsc.ru

www.sakhalin.environment.ru/en

A-30

ORGANIZATION NAME RELEVANT CONTACT INFORMATION COUNTRY/LOCAL ENGAGEMENTSGlobal Players

AdaptNET

Climate Change Adaptation, RMIT Global Cities Institute,

GPO Box 2476VMelbourne, 3001, Australia

+(61) 3 9925 3170 (main)adaptnet@rmit.edu.au

Global network of adaptation specialists

Alliance of Small Island States

800 Second Avenue, Suite 400kNew York, New York 10017 USA

(212) 599-0301 (main)grenada@un.int

slumission@aol.comwww.sidsnet.org/aosis

Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Nauru, Belize, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Cook Islands, Samoa,

Singapore, Solomon Islands, Fiji, Federated States of Micronesia, Tuvalu, Kiribati, Vanuatu,

Maldives

Assessments of Impacts and Adaptations to Climate Change

(AIACC)

Mahendra Kumar, Task Manager for AIACCClimate Change Enabling Activities

Division of Policy Development and LawUnited Naitons Environment Programme

P.O. Box 30552, Nairobi, Kenya+(254) 20 623489 (main)

mahendra.kumar@unep.orgwww.aiaccproject.org/aiacc.html

Thailand, Philippines, China, Costa Rica, Mexico, Fiji

Birdlife International

John Lanchbery Girton Road

Cambridge CB3 0NA United Kingdom

+44 (0)1223 277 318 (main) john.lanchbery@rspb.org.uk

www.birdlife.org

Polynesia, New Zealand, Melanesia, Micronesia, Australia, Fiji, Canada, Chile, United States, El Salvador, Panama, Mexico, Ecuador, Russia,

Japan, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Philippines, Thailand, Myanmar Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia

Conservation International

Emily PidgeonMarine Climate Change Lead2011 Crystal Drive, Suite 500

Arlington, VA 22202 USA(703) 341-2400 (main)

e.pidgeon@conservation.orgwww.conservation.org

Global; field offices in Pacific countries include Australia, Cambodia, China, Colombia, Costa Rica,

Ecuador, Fiji, Guatemala, Indonesia, Japan, Mexico, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Samoa, Solomon Islands

Coral Triangle Initiative

Kate NewmanManaging Director CTI

World Wildlife Fund - US1250 24th Street, NW

Washington, DC 20037-1193 USA(202) 293-4800 (main)

kate.newman@wwfus.org

Sheldon CohenSenior Policy Coordinator, Coral Triangle

The Nature ConservancyCoral Triangle Center

Jl. Pengembak No. 2 / Sanur, Bali 80228Indonesia

+(62) 3 6128 7272 (main)scohen@tnc.org

Indonesia, East Timor, the Philippines, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands; partner

countries/funders are Australia, France, Japan, New Zealand, United Kingdom, United States,

Asian Development Bank, Conservation International, Global Environment Facility, The

Nature Conservancy, World Bank, WWF

A-32

ORGANIZATION NAME RELEVANT CONTACT INFORMATION COUNTRY/LOCAL ENGAGEMENTS

Department for International Development UK (DFID)

1 Palace StreetLondon SW1E 5HE United Kingdom

GTN: 3535 7000+(020) 7023 0000 (main) +(020) 7023 0019 (fax)

www.dfid.gov.uk

Global

Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network (GCRMN)

Clive Wilkinson, Coordinator GCRMNPO Box 772, Townsville, 4810, Australia

+(61) 7 4721 2699 (main)www.gcrmn.org

Global

Global Sea Level Observing System (GLOSS)

GLOSS Technical SecretaryUNESCO, 1 Rue Miollis

Paris 75732 Cedex 15, Francet.aarup@unesco.org

Permanent Service for Mean Sea LevelProudman Oceanographic Laboratory

Joseph Proudman Building6 Brownlow Street

Liverpool L3 5DA United Kingdompsmsl@pol.ac.uk

www.gloss-sealevel.org

Global

Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)

Keith AlversonGlobal Ocean Observing System

Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission1, rue Miollis

75732 Paris Cedex 15, France k.alversonunesco.org

www.ioc-goos.org

Global

International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives (ICLEI)

Cities for Climate Change

3000, rue Omer-Lavallée, Montréal (Québec) Canada H1Y 3R8

(514) 875-9911 (main)info@ceci.ca

www.ceci.ca/ceci/en/index.htmlInternational Oceanographic Data and Information Exchange (IODE)

Ocean Data and Information Network for the Western Pacific

Mr. Satoshi SatoRegional Coordinator for ODINWESTPAC Pilot project

satoshi-satou-2@kaiho.mlit.go.jpwww.iode.org

Global

International Center for Water Hazard and Risk Management

(ICHARM)

Public Works Research Institute (PWRI)1-6, Minamihara, Tsukuba-shiIbaraki-ken 305-8516, Japan +(810) 29 879 6809 (main)

icharm@pwri.go.jp www.icharm.pwri.go.jp

Global

International Coral Reef Action Network

Kristian TelekiDirector

219 Huntingdon RoadCambridge CB3 0DL

United Kingdom +(44) (0)1223 277 314 (main)

info@icran.orgwww.icran.org

South Pacific, South Asia, East Asian Islands

A-33

ORGANIZATION NAME RELEVANT CONTACT INFORMATION COUNTRY/LOCAL ENGAGEMENTS

Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)

Sadako Ogata President

6th–13th floors, Shinjuku Maynds Tower1-1, Yoyogi 2-chome, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-8558

Japan +(81) 3-5352-5311/5312/5313/5314 (main)

www.jica.go.jp/english

Global

Netherlands Climate Assistance Program (NCAP)

ETC InternationalP.O.Box 64, 3830 AB Leusden

The Netherlands+(31) 33 432 6000 (main)

energy@etcnl.nlwww.nlcap.net

Colombia, Guatemala, Vietnam

Oceana

1350 Connecticut Ave., NW 5th FloorWashington, D.C. 20036 USA

(202) 833-3900 (main) info@oceana.orgwww.oceana.org

North and South America

Partnership for Interdisciplinary Studies of Coastal Oceans (PISCO)

Oregon State UniversityPISCO/Department of Zoology

3029 Cordley HallCorvallis, OR 97331 USA(541) 737-8645 (main)pisco@piscoweb.orgwww.piscoweb.org

Global

ProVention Consortium

ProVention Consortium Secretariat IFRC

P.O. Box 372 17, chemin des CrêtsCH-1211 Geneva 19

Switzerlandprovention@ifrc.org

Global

Stockholm Environment Institute

Dr. Richard KleinSenior Research Fellow

Stockholm Environment InstituteStockholm, 106 91

Sweden+(46) 8 674 7054 (main)

richard.klein@sei.se

Asia Centre15th Floor, Witthyakit Building,254 Chulalongkorn University,

Chulalongkorn Soi 64, Phyathai Road,Pathumwan,

Bangkok 10330 Thailand + (66) 2 251 4415-8 (main)

www.sei.se

Global

The Hadley CenterFitzRoy Road

Exeter Devon EX1 3PB United Kingdom

www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/hadleycentreGlobal

A-34

ORGANIZATION NAME RELEVANT CONTACT INFORMATION COUNTRY/LOCAL ENGAGEMENTS

The Nature Conservancy

Worldwide OfficeThe Nature Conservancy

4245 North Fairfax Drive, Suite 100Arlington, VA 22203-1606 USA

(703) 841-5300 (main)www.nature.org

Rod SalmDirector, Transforming Coral Reef Conservation

The Nature Conservancy 923 Nu'uanu Avenue

Honolulu, HI 96817 USA(808) 587-6284 (main)

rsalm@tnc.org

Global; field offices in Pacific countries include Australia, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Indonesia,

Mexico, Micronesia, Nicaragua, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Solomon Islands, and the

United States

UK Climate Impacts Programme (UKCIP)

Oxford University Centre for the EnvironmentDyson Perrins Building

South Parks RoadOxford OX1 3QY United Kingdom

+(44) (0)1865 285 717 (main) enquiries@ukcip.org.uk

www.ukcip.org.uk

Global

United Nations Development Program/Global Environmental

Facility Community-Based Adaptation project (UNDP/GEF

CBA)

Ms. Bo LimPrincipal Technical Advisor, BDP/EEG,

bo.lim@undp.orgGlobal

Wildlife Conservation Society2300 Southern Boulevard

Bronx, New York 10460 USA(718) 220-5100 (main)

www.wcs.org

Global: field offices in Pacific countries include Belize, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Fiji, Guatemala, Indonesia, Laos,

Malaysia, Nicaragua, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Russia, Thailand, United States

World Climate Data and Monitoring Programme (WCDMP)

World Climate Data & Monitoring ProgrammeWorld Climate Programme

World Meteorological OrganizationP.O.Box 2300

7 bis, avenue de la Paix CH-1211 Geneva 2 Switzerland

wcdmp@wmo.intwww.wmo.ch/pages/prog/wcp/wcdmp/wcdmp_hom

e_en.html

Global

World Climate Research Programme (WCRP)

Ghassem Asrar , DirectorGAsrar@wmo.int

c/o World Meteorological Organization7 bis, Avenue de la Paix

Case Postale 23001211 Geneva 2, Switzerland+(41) 22 730 81 11 (main)

Email: wcrp@wmo.intwcrp.wmo.int/wcrp-index.html

Global

WeAdapt www.weadapt.org Global

WMO’s World Climate Program 7bis, avenue de la Paix, Case postale No. 2300

CH-1211 Geneva 2, Switzerlandwww.wmo.ch/pages/prog/wcp/index_en.html

Global

A-35

ORGANIZATION NAME RELEVANT CONTACT INFORMATION COUNTRY/LOCAL ENGAGEMENTS

World Commission on Protected Areas

Mr. Nikita LOPOUKHINE Chair, IUCN WCPA

c/o Parks Canada - Parcs Canada 25 Eddy Street

Gatineau Quebec K1A 0M5Canada

(819) 956-9908 (main)Email: nik.lopoukhine@pc.gc.ca

www.iucn.org/about/union/commissions/wcpa/index.cfm

Global

World Mayors Council on Climate Change (WMCCC)

City Hall, West Tower, 16th FloorToronto, ON M5H 2N2 Canadaworld.mayors.council@iclei.org

www.iclei.orgJapan, Phillipines, Washington

World Wildlife Fund

WWF InternationalAv. du Mont-Blanc 27 1196 Gland

Switzerland+(41) 22 364 91 11 (main)

www.wwf.org

Global network of independent national or regional offices and dependent offices working under the direction of an independent office.

Independent offices in Pacific countries include Australia, Canada, Central America office, China,

Colombia, Greater Mekong, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New

Zealand, Peru, Philippines, Russia, Singapore, South Pacific, and the United States.

NORTHEAST & PACIFIC OCEAN AND EAST ASIAN SEAS

Asian Development Bank

Xianbin Yao Acting Director General

6 ADB Avenue,Mandaluyong City 1550, Philippines

+(632) 632 6781 (main)www.adb.org

China, Cook Islands, Fiji, Indonesia, Kiribati, Korea, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Nauru, Palua, Papua New Guinea, Phillipines,

Samoa, Singapore, Thailand, East Timor, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Vietnam

Asian Disaster Preparedness Center

Mr. SubbiahSM Tower, 24th Floor

979/69 Paholyothin Road, Samsen NaiPhayathai, Bangkok 10400 Thailand

+ (662) 298 0682-92 (main)subbiah@adpc.net

www.adpc.net/v2007

Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Laos, Maldives, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore,

Thailand, Vietnam

Asia-Pacific Data-Research Center

Peter HackerManager

Pacific Ocean Science and Technology Bldg. 1680 East-West Road, University of Hawaii

Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 USA(808) 956-5019 (main)phacker@hawaii.edu

apdrc.soest.hawaii.edu

Asia-Pacific

BirdLife Pacific Regional Office

10 MacGregor RoadGPO Box 18332 SUVA, FIJI +(679) 331 3492 (main)

don@birdlifepacific.org.fjwww.birdlife.org/regional/pacific/partnership.html

Austrailia, Cooks Islands, French Polynesia, New Caledonia, New Zeland, Palau, Samoa

Council of Regional Organisations in the Pacific (CROP)

tima@spc.int www.spc.int/piocean/crop/spocc.htm

Pacific Island Nations, USA, UK, New Zealand, France, Australia

A-36

ORGANIZATION NAME RELEVANT CONTACT INFORMATION COUNTRY/LOCAL ENGAGEMENTS

East West CenterEileen Shea

1601 East-West Road Honolulu, Hawaii 96848 USAsheae@eastwestcenter.org

American Samoa, Cook Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji Islands, French Polynesia,

Guam, Hawai‘i, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Republic of the Nauru, New Caledonia, Niue,

Northern Mariana Islands, Commonwealth of the Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon

Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, VanuatuLocally-Managed

Marine Area (LMMA) Networkinfo@lmmanetwork.orgwww.lmmanetwork.org

Fiji, Indonesia, Palau, PNG, Phillipines, Micronesia, Solomons

Pacific ENSO Applications Climate Center (PEAC)

2525 Correa Road, suite 250 Honolulu, HI 96822 USA(808) 956-2324 (main)

www.soest.hawaii.edu/MET/Enso/index2.html

American Samoa, Chuuk, CNMI, Guam, Hawaii, Kosrae, Marshalls, Palau, Pohnpei

Pacific Environment

David Gordon, Executive Director311 California Street, Suite 650

San Francisco, CA 94104-2608 USA415/399-8850 (main)

info@pacificenvironment.orgdkgordon@pacificenvironment.org

www.pacificenvironment.org

California, Alaska, Russia, Japan, China

Pacific Institute Climate and Water

654 13th Street, Preservation ParkOakland, CA 94612 USA (510) 251 1600 (main)

staff@pacinst.orgwww.pacinst.org/biblio

California, Alaska, Russia, Japan, China

Pacific Islands Forum

The Secretary GeneralPacific Islands Forum Secretariat

Private Mail BagSuva, Fiji

www.forumsec.org.fj

Australia, Cook Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, Kiribati, Nauru, New Zealand, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Republic of

Marshall Islands, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu

Pacific Islands Marine Resources Information System (PIMRIS)

Lower Campus, USP Closed Mail Bag Suva, Fiji +(679) 323 2934 (main)Email: pimris@usp.ac.fj

www.usp.ac.fj/fileadmin/current_site/library/pimris.htm

Samoa, Solomon Islands, Noumea, New Caledonia, Fiji

Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System (PacIOOS)

Maria HawsRegional Coordinator

University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology

POST Building, Room 105 A, B Honolulu, HI 96822 USA(808) 933 3288 (main)

haws@aol.com www.soest.hawaii.edu/pacioos/index.htm

American Samoa, The Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, The Federated States of Micronesia, Guam, Hawai‘i, The Republic of

the Marshall Islands

Pacific Islands Regional Ocean Policy www.spc.int/piocean/forum/New/welcome.htm

American Samoa, Cook Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, French Polynesia, Guam, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Nauru, New Caledonia, Niue, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Papua New

Guinea, Pitcairn Islands, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, and Wallis and

Futuna.

A-37

ORGANIZATION NAME RELEVANT CONTACT INFORMATION COUNTRY/LOCAL ENGAGEMENTSPacific Regional Integrated

Sciences and Assessments (Pacific RISA)

Simpson, Caitlin, Program Director (301) 734-1251 (main)

caitlin.simpson@noaa.gov

Hawaii, Marshall Islands, Northern Mariana Islands, Guam, Federated States of Micronesia,

Palau, American Samoa

Pacific Science Association

Burnett 1525 Bernice Street

Honolulu, HI 96817 USA (808) 848 4124 (main)

burnett@bishopmuseum.orgwww.pacificscience.org

Pacific Islands

Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC)

BP D5 Noumea Cedex

New Caledonia 98848 +(687) 262 000 (main)

American Samoa,Cook Islands, Federated States of Micronesia (FSM), Fiji Islands,

French Polynesia, Guam, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Nauru, New Caledonia, Niue,

Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI), Palau, Papua New Guinea (PNG), Pitcairn Islands,

Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu

South Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP)

Espen Ronnenberg Climate Change Advisor

espenr@sprep.org

Taito NakalevuClimate Change Adaptation Officer taiton@sprep.org

PO Box 240, Apia, Samoa +(685) 21929 (main)

www.sprep.org

American Samoa, Australia, Cook Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, France, French Polynesia, Guam, Kiribati, Marshall

Islands, Nauru, New Caledonia, New Zealand Niue, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Papua

New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, United States of America,

Vanuatu

UN Inter-Agency Climate Change Centre for the Pacific Still in development; to be based in Apia, Samoa Oceania

Western and Central Pacific Tuna Commission

wcpfc@mail.fmwww.wcpfc.int

Australia, China, Canada, Cook Islands, European Community, Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji,

France, Japan, Kiribati, Korea Republic of Marshall Islands, Nauru, New

Zealand, NiueNORTHEAST & SOUTHEAST PACIFIC

Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies

Arpita ChoudhuryClimate Change Lead

444 North Capitol Street, NW, Suite 725Washington, DC 20001 USA

(202) 624 7890 (main)achoudhury@fishwildlife.org

www.fishwildlife.org

Alaska, California, Washington, Oregon

ODIN Caribbean and South American regions

Mr. Rodney Martenez ODINCARSA Project Coordinator

r.martinez@odincarsa.net www.odincarsa.net

Colombia, Chile, Ecuador, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama and Peru

Permanent Commission for the South Pacific (CPPS)

Casilla 16638 Agencia 6400-9 Santiago 9 Chile

+(56) 2 726 652 (main)www.cpps-int.org

Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru

Mar Viva P.O.Box 020-6151 Santa Ana

San Jose, Costa Rica+(506) 290 3647 (main)

www.marviva.net South Eastern Pacific

A-38

ORGANIZATION NAME RELEVANT CONTACT INFORMATION COUNTRY/LOCAL ENGAGEMENTS

United States Fish and Wildlife Service Pacific Regional Office

Division of Habitat Conservation911 NE 11TH Ave

Portland, OR 97232-4181 USA(503) 231 2064 (main)

Alaska, California, Washington, Oregon

A-39

ORGANIZATION NAME RELEVANT CONTACT INFORMATION COUNTRY/LOCAL ENGAGEMENTS

Asian Development Bank

Nessim J. AhmadDirector, Environment and Social Safeguards

DivisionP.O. Box 789

0980 Manila, Philippines + (632) 632 4444 ext 6883 (direct)

njahmad@adb.org

Global Environment Facility

Brennan Van Dyke1818 H Street, NW

MSN G6-602Washington, DC, 20433 USA

(202) 458 0480 (main) (202) 473 0508 (direct) bvandyke@thegef.org

United Nations Development Programme

Ms. Keti ChachibaiaRegional Technical Advisor, Climate Change

AdaptationGrosslingova 35

Bratislava, 81109Slovak Republic

+(421) 2 59337 422 (main)keti.chachibaia@undp.org

United Nations Environment Programme

Liza LeclercAdaptation Task Manager

United Nations Avenue, GigiriPO Box 30552,

00100 Nairobi, Kenya+(254) 20 7623113

liza.leclerc@unep.org

World Bank

Kseniya LvovskyKlvovsky@worldbank.org

Mr. Ian NobleSenior Climate Change Specialist, Sustainable

DevelopmentNetwork

(202) 473 1329 (direct) inoble@worldbank.org

(202) 473 1000 (main)1818 H Street, NW

Washington, DC 20433 USAwww.worldbank.org

Bullitt Foundation

Steve Whitney 1212 Minor Avenue

Seattle, WA 98101-2825 USA(206) 343 0807 (main)swhitney@bullitt.org

www.bullitt.org

U.S. and Canada (Oregon, Washington and British Columbia)

Lazar Foundation

Sybil Ackerman715 SW Morrison Street, Suite 901, Portland,

Oregon 97205-3105 USA(503) 419-8454 (direct)(503) 225-0265 (main)

sybil@olcv.org www.lazarfoundation.org

U.S. and Canada (Coastal Alaska, British Columbia, Oregon and Washington)

Foun

datio

nsFunding Agencies

Interg

overn

ment

al

A-40

ORGANIZATION NAME RELEVANT CONTACT INFORMATION COUNTRY/LOCAL ENGAGEMENTS

MacArthur Foundation

Chris Holtz 140 S. Dearborn Street

Chicago, IL 60603-5285 USA(312) 726-8000 (main) choltz@macfound.org

www.macfound.org

Asia Pacific

Moore Foundation

Barry GoldP.O. Box 29910

San Francisco, California 94129-0910 USA(415)561-7700 (main)

barry.gold@ moore.orgwww.moore.org

Coastal North America

National Marine Sanctuary Foundation

Lori Arguelles8601 Georgia Avenue

Suite 501Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA

(301) 608 3040 (main)lori@nmsfocean.org

nmsfocean.org

US Marine Sanctuaries (Hawaii, American Samoa, California, Washington)

Oak Foundation

Oak Foundation USA511 Congress Street, Suite 800

Portland, ME 04101 USAnaep@oakfnd.org

oakfnd.org

North Pacific and Bering Sea

The Ocean Foundation

Monika Thielemthiele@oceanfdn.org

Mark Spalding mspalding@oceanfdn.org

(202) 887 8992 (main)1990 M Street, NW, Suite 250Washington, DC 20036 USA

www.oceanfdn.org

Packard Foundation

Bernd Cordes300 Second Street

Los Altos, California 94022 USA(650) 948-7658 (main) bcordes@packard.org

www.packard.org/home.aspx

Western Pacific and California Coast

The Pew Charitable Trusts

Hank Cauley1200 18th St. NW, 5th Floor

Washington DC 20036-2506 USA(202) 887.8800

hcauley@pewtrusts.org www.pewtrusts.org

Rockefeller Foundation

Cristina Rumbaitis del Rio(212) 852 8459 (direct)

CRumbaitisdelrio@rockfound.org

Maria BlairAssociate Vice President & Managing Director

mblair@rockfound.org

420 Fifth AveNew York, NY 10018 USA (212) 869-8500 (main)

www.rockfound.org

Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam,

A-41

ORGANIZATION NAME RELEVANT CONTACT INFORMATION COUNTRY/LOCAL ENGAGEMENTS

Turner Foundation

Katie Eckman133 Luckie Street NW

2nd FloorAtlanta, GA 30303 USA(404) 681-9900 (main)

Katied@turnerfoundation.orgwww.turnerfoundation.org

U.S. (Alaska)

Australian Agency for International Development (AusAID)

Ms. Peta MillsPolicy Manager

GPO Box 887Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia

+(61) 2 6206 4223 (main) peta.mills@ausaid.gov.au

New Zealand Agency for International Development (NZAID)

Julie Townley 195 Lambton QuayPrivate Bag 18-901

Wellington New Zealand +(64) 4 439 8200 (main)

United Kingdom Department for International Development (DFID)

Dr. Yvan BiotSenior Policy Advisor - Climate Change

Policy and Research Division1 Palace Street

London, SW1E 5HEUnited Kingdom

+(44) 207 023 1138 (main)y-biot@dfid.gov.uk

United States Agency for International Development (USAID)

John FurlowRRB 3.08-092

1300 Pennsylvania Avenue, NWWashington, DC 20523-3800 USA

(202)712-5274jfurlow@usaid.gov

United States Coral Reef Task Force

NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program, N/OCRM

1305 East West Highway, 10th FloorSilver Spring, MD 20910-3281 USA

coralreefweb@noaa.govwww.coralreef.gov/

United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

Jordan WestORD/NCEA/Global Change Research

1200 Pennsylvania Avenue International Joint CommissionWashington, DC

20460 USAwest.jordan@epa.gov

United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)

Huang JinProgram Manager

Climate Prediction Program for the Americas (301) 734-1226 (main)

jin.huang@noaa.govwww.climate.noaa.gov/cpo_pa/cppa

Gove

rnme

nt Ag

encie

s

A-42

20 October 2008 B-1

Appendix B: Existing guidance resources Adaptation Policy Framework (APF). 2004. Burton, I., S. Huq, et al. United Nations Development Programme, New York. http://www.undp.org/climatechange/adapt/apf.html Adapting to Climate Variability and Change. 2007. USAID, Washington, DC. http://www.usaid.gov/our_work/environment/climate/docs/reports/cc_vamanual.pdf Buying Time: A User's Manual For Building Resilience To Climate Change In Natural Systems. 2003. Hansen, L. J. et al. WWF - International Climate Change Program, Berlin. http://www.worldwildlife.org/climate/WWFBinaryitem3830.pdf Cities, Seas, and Storms: Managing Change in Pacific Island Economies. Volume IV: Adapting to Climate Change. 2000. World Bank, the Papua New Guinea and Pacific Islands Country Unit, Washington, D.C. http://go.worldbank.org/IGWRDY16T0 Climate Change Adaptation Actions for Local Government. 2007. Australian Greenhouse OfficeReport by SMEC Australia to the Australian Greenhouse Office, Department of the Environment and Water Resources, http://www.climatechange.gov.au/impacts/publications/pubs/local-government.pdf Climate Proofing: A Risk-based Approach to Adaptation. 2005. Hay, J.E. et al. Asian Development Bank. Manila. www.adb.org/Documents/Reports/Climate-Proofing/climate-proofing.pdf Climate Variability and Change and Sea level Rise in the Pacific Islands Region: A Resource Book for Policy and Decision Makers, Educators and other Stakeholders. 2003. Hay, J. et al. South Pacific Regional Environment Programme, Japan Ministry of the Environment, Tokyo. www.sprep.org/climate/documents/Webi.pdf Preparing for Climate Change: A Guidebook for Local, Regional and State Governments. 2007. Snover, A.K. et al. In association with and published by ICLEI-Local Governments for Sustainability, Oakland, CA. www.cses.washington.edu/db/pdf/snoveretalgb574.pdf Surviving Climate Change in Small Islands - A guidebook. 2005. Tompkins, E.L., et al. Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, United Kingdom. http://www.tyndall.ac.uk/publications/surviving.pdf

20 October 2008

Abbreviations: Abbreviation Organization Name AFWA Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies ANAM Authoridad Nacional del Ambiente AOSIS Alliance of Small Island States CBDAMPIC Capacity Building for the Development of Adaptation

Measures in Pacific Island Countries CCME Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment CI Conservation International CICC la Comisión Intersecretarial de Cambio Climático CIDA Canadian International Development Agency CPAWS Canadian Parks and Wilderness Society CRAG America Samoa Coral Reef Advisory Group CRTF US Coral Reef Task Force DFW Department of Fish and Wildlife DMWR Department of Marine and Wildlife Resources in

American Samoa FNA El Foro Nacional Ambiental FWS Fish and Wildlife Services GBRMPA Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority INRENA Instituto Nacional de Recursos Naturales INVEMAR Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras MARENA El Ministerio del Ambiente y los Recursos Naturales MARN Ministerio de Ambiente y Recursos Naturales MIMRA Marshall Islands Marine Resources Authority MOMAF National Fisheries Research & Development Institute,

Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries MONRE Ministry of Natural Resources and the Environment NCAP Netherlands Climate Assistance Program NPFMC North Pacific Fisheries Management Council NPSA National Parks of American Samoa PACC Pacific Islands Adapting to Climate Change PCDF Partners in Community Development Fiji SPREP South Pacific Regional Environmental Programme TNC The Nature Conservancy VEPA Vietnam Environmental Protection Agency WMCCC World Mayors Council on Climate Change WWF World Wildlife Fund

20 October 2008