C H. 5 S E C T I O N 4

TOWARD THE MODERN CONSCIOUSNESS

THE SCIENCES

• Marie Curie discovered radium gave off energy/radiation from inside itself• Albert Einstein published his theory of relativity

1905• Sigmund Freud developed a method called

psychoanalysis so that therapists can probe into a patients memory• Retrace repressed thoughts

SOCIAL DARWINISM

• Theory used to justify the dominance of Western nations- based on Darwin's theories• An example of extreme nationalism

• Anti-Semitism: hostility towards and discrimination against Jews• Grew much stronger in Europe, especially Germany• Persecutions and bloody pogroms were widespread

across eastern Europe

CULTURE OF MODERNITY

• Literature: Naturalists felt literature should be realistic and address social problems. Symbolists believed in art for arts sake• Architecture: functionalism became popular• Frank Lloyd Wright built homes with long geometric lines

and overhanging roofs

• Music: Stravinsky used expressive sounds and bold rhythms, and impressionist composers used subtle and shifting harmonies

PAINTING

• Impressionism began in France, they rejected studios and went into the country to paint nature directly• Post impressionism used color and structure to

express mood (van Gogh)• Pablo Picasso created cubism- used geometric

designs to re-create reality in the viewers mind