Toward Civilization. Objectives To identify methods scientists use to find out about early peoples...
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Transcript of Toward Civilization. Objectives To identify methods scientists use to find out about early peoples...
Objectives
To identify methods scientists use to find out about early peoples
How historians reconstruct the past How geography and history are linked Define: prehistory, archaeology, artifact,
technology, historian, geography, latitude, longitude
Introduction
University of Arizona Garbage Project dug garbage from Staten Island dump
Used this to identify social norms of the recent past
Scientists use the same basic method to identify how people lived
How do we know?
Prehistory-long periods of time before they system of writing was developed
no cities, countries, or government Archaeology: the study of ways of life of early
people through examination physical remains (artifacts)
Technology: skills and tools use to meet the basic needs of life
Historians Reconstruct the Past
Historians: people who study how people lived in the past.
Rely more on written evidence than artifacts
Geography and History
Geography is the study of people, their environments, and the resources available to them
No resources=no life=no history 5 themes of geography: 1) location, 2) place,
3) human-environment interaction, 4) movement, 5) region
Location
Latitude: measures distance north or south of the equator
Longitude: measures distance east or west of the Prime Meridian
Prime Meridian: an imaginary line that runs north to south through Greenwich, England
Place
Described in terms of their physical features(rivers, bodies of water, climate, soil quality, plant and animal life) and human characteristics
Assignment
Make a sketch of the world Identify the longitudinal and latitudinal lines Identify the Prime Meridian and the equator Label the bodies of water Copy the time line from page 2 and page 3
Objectives
To identify the advances people made during the Old Stone Age
To learn about the religious beliefs of early people
To identify why the agricultural revolution was a turning point in history
Define nomad, glacier
Hunters and Food Gatherers
Old Stone Age-Paleolithic Age From the first stone tools to 10,000 B.C. Donald Johanson found the oldest human
skeleton was found in Ethiopia in 1974 (Lucy)
These people were nomads Live in 20-30 people groups Adapted to their environment Totally depended on the environment Made tools: digging sticks, spears and axes Faced atmospheric changes-Ice Age
About 30,000 years ago artists began leaving examples art on the cave walls
Small stone statues Toward the end of the Old Stone Age people
started to bury their dead with care
The First Farmers
Around 11,000 years ago the nomadic population had learned how to farm
This was the transition from the Old Stone Age (Paleolithic) to the New Stone Age (Neolithic)
No one knows where farming began 1st agricultural revolution began Neolithic people also had domestic animals
Skara Brae, A Neolithic Village
Located on the Orkney Islands, north of Scotland
Village covers 3 classrooms Equal status Life=typical farmer/hunting/agricultural/fish