University of Stavanger Norway Bente Dale International Office.
TOURISM IMPLICATIONS AND DILEMMAS1537365065000/... · Bente Haug, Arvid Viken, Britt Kramvig,...
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24-26 SEPTEMBER 2018
TOURISM IMPLICATIONS AND DILEMMAS
UIT THE ARCTIC UNIVERSITY OF NORWAY, ALTA, NORWAY
#27THNORDIC
PROGRAM AND PRACTICAL INFORMATION
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24.09 25.09 26.09
Optional full day excursion
09.00-17.00
Opening of symposium, Campus Alta
08.30
Keynote Carina Ren09.00-09.45
Keynote Bryan Grimwood09.45-10.30
Keynote Britt Kramvig
08.30-09.15
09.15-09.30 Practical information
Break
10.30-10.50
Break
09.30-09.50
Optional half day excursion
13.30-17.00
Parallel sessions I
10.50-12.10
Parallel sessions III
09.50-11.10
Lunch
12.10-13.40
Lunch
11.10-12.35
Parallel sessions II
13.40-15.00 Parallel sessions IV
12.35-13.55Workshop
14.40-15.10
Registration opens, Campus Alta
17.00
Break
15.00-15.25
Break
13.55-14.15
Workshops
15.25-17.25
Parallel sessions V
14.15-15.35
Break
15.35-15.50
Reception, Campus Alta
18.00-21.00
Arctic Gala Dinner, Sorrisniva
19.00-23.30
Parallel sessions VI
15.50-17.10
Optional Northern lights tour
20.30-00.30
Closure
17.10-17.25
PROGRAM OVERVIEW - #27THNORDIC
Program details on pages 14-22.
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DEAR COLLEAGUES AND FRIENDSWelcome to Alta and the 27th Nordic Symposium on Tourism and Hospitality Research.
For the second time, our Department of Tourism and Northern Studies is hosting this event. Last time, it was 18-21 November, 1999. At that time, we were Finnmark University College. In 2013, the college merged with University of Tromsø and became UiT – The Arctic University of Norway. In 2018, UiT – The Arctic University of Norway is 50 years old. This year’s symposium is a part of the program, celebrating the foundation of this university.
This year’s symposium addresses the issues of dilemmas and implications of tourism, and we are impressed by many of the important contributors. The importance and relevance for further development of tourism and hospitality is undisputable. Thank you for sharing your research with us.
We have offered tourism education since 1988 and are also celebrating our 30th anniversary as tourism educators and researchers. We are proud of what we have achieved through these years. Placed in the High North, we have managed to grow and stay relevant in our educational programs and research. Today, we offer tourism education from bachelor degree through to PhD. In this development, we will credit one person in particular: Professor Arvid Viken started our first tourism study program and has been crucial for tourism and hospitality research in Northern Norway, as well as in Norway. He celebrates his 70th birthday during the symposium and we congratulate him.
During the symposium, you will meet 190 delegates from 17 countries. You will listen to three keynote speakers, addressing the symposium theme from various angles. During the intensive two-day program, you have the opportunity to choose between 31 parallel sessions and 156 presentations. You can also participate in workshops.
Alta (Norwegian) or Áltá (Northern Sámi) or Alattio (Kven) is the most populated municipality in Finnmark County. Twenty thousand four hundred and forty-six people live in the municipality. Alta has a large Sámi population and Sámi culture is clearly present all around – even in our cantina. The rock carvings in Alta, located near the Jiepmaluokta bay, dating from c. 4200 BC to 500 BC, are on the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites. The Komsa culture was named after the Komsa Mountain in Alta municipality, where the first archaeological remains of this culture were discovered. We do not know if these were permanent inhabitants or seasonal migrants, but they must have highly valued this area in their culture.
The nature of Alta attracts many visitors. Being the first harbour in Norway welcoming winter cruise tourists, a new tourism era started in 2009. Today, winter cruises are the most important form of tourism in Alta.
We hope you will enjoy and benefit from the symposium, our fantastic nature, long history and diverse cultures.
Bente Haug, Arvid Viken, Britt Kramvig, Brynhild Granås, Trine Kvidal-Røvik and Bente Heimtun
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EMERGENCY SERVICES+47 78 45 54 00: EMERGENCY ROOM
113: AMBULANCE 112: POLICE
110: FIRE
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Program overview ......................................................................................................................... 2Welcome ......................................................................................................................................... 3Practical information ..................................................................................................................... 6 WIFI ...................................................................................................................................... 6 Optional northen lights tour ............................................................................................ 6 Arctic Gala Dinner at Sorrisniva ....................................................................................... 6 Venue ................................................................................................................................... 7Keynotes speakers ........................................................................................................................ 8 Carina Ren .......................................................................................................................... 8 Bryan Grimwood ............................................................................................................... 9 Britt Kramvig ...................................................................................................................... 10Workshop descriptions ................................................................................................................ 11 Peer review insights ......................................................................................................... 11 Sámi tourism in the North ............................................................................................... 11 Sound, listening and affect in tourism .......................................................................... 12 Tourism employment: Current challenges and opportunities .................................. 12 The Role of Paradigms in research and teaching: The case of sustainable tourism development ..................................................................................................... 13Symposium program September 24th ....................................................................................... 14Symposium program September 25th ....................................................................................... 14Symposium program September 26th ....................................................................................... 15Parallel sessions I ........................................................................................................................ 16Parallel sessions II ....................................................................................................................... 17Workshop overview September 25th ......................................................................................... 18Parallel sessions III ...................................................................................................................... 19Parallel sessions IV ..................................................................................................................... 20Parallel sessions V ....................................................................................................................... 21Parallel sessions VI ...................................................................................................................... 22Symposium participants .............................................................................................................. 23
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PRACTICAL INFORMATIONWIFI: Network: uit-conferencePassword: arctic2017
ALTA
About the arrival: The airport is 3km away from the venue and the city center. There is an airport bus on some arrivals. Please see www.snelandia.no/planleggreisen and search for Alta lufthavn to Alta sentrum. There is also a taxi stand outside the arrival hall, and the cost will be approximately NOK 200,-.
OPTIONAL NORTHERN LIGHTS TOURFor those who have signed up for this tour, please bring warm clothing and sensible/warm shoes. we recommend checking out the weather report at www.yr.no.Depature wil be from entrance west (1), at 2030.
If you have not signed up, it might be possible to do this shortly before the departure.
SWIMMING POOLSwimming poolAccess to an indoor swimming pool at Nordlysbadet, located in the city center right next to the Northern Lights Cathedral.
THE ARCTIC GALA DINNER AT SORRISNIVA TUESDAY 25TH
Locally sourced food and a warm atmosphere – the perfect recipe for a pleasant dining experience.
Sorrisniva is a year-round adventure and food business located on the banks of the Alta River, located 20 minutes from the city center of Alta.
The Arctic kitchen follows the food calendar and the dishes represent the seasons at its highest quality. The menu is composed of the finest ingredients that Northern Norway offers. Game/wild meat from Kautokeino, Karasjok and Tana, fish from Lopphavet, Sørøya and the Altafjord, potatoes from local farms, top quality vegetables and local berries that Sorrisniva harvest themselves.
Dress code: Smart casualTransportation: The bus leaves from the parking lot outside of Scandic Alta at 19.00, next to the Northen Lights Cathedral (see map on page 4). Expected return around 23.30.
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Most rooms are located on the first floor (map above) whilst two of the rooms are on the second floor by Glassgata (4) (map below).
VENUEInfo-desk/registration: UiT The Arctic University of Norway, campus Alta.Campus Alta is located near the city centre, approximately a 10 minutes walk from Scandic Alta and Thon Hotel Alta, and five minutes from Nyland student accomodation. There will be signs, showing the way to the venue from these accomodations. If you are staying at any other accomodations, please ask for directions.
• Monday 24th 17.00-21.00 – Main entrance (2)• Tuesday 25th 08.30-17.30 – Main entrance (2)• Wednesday 26th 08.30-17.30 – Main entrance (2)
The keynotes will take place in Kultursalen/E102 (3). The parallel sessions will take place in 1087 (4), Kultursalen/E102 (3), 1068 (5), Magerøya/A103 (6), Brattholmen/A105 (7), Stjernøya/A104 (8), Seiland/A203 (9) and Loppa/A204 (10).
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Carina RenAssociate professor The Tourism Research Unit at Aalborg University
KEYNOTES SPEAKERS
Tourism trouble: On researching and caring for messy tourism
As proposed under the heading of this conference, tourism is a phenomenon and activity impregnated with challenges, dilemmas and controversies. It is a messy object, which leads itself poorly to easy solutions and quick fixes. Tourism is complex, unruly and not always easily cared for. The growing work within relational and material semiotic studies in tourism has enabled us to think anew about tourism as entangled into our everyday lives and the social. It has also shown us that tourism is enacted through and with non-human actors of all sorts on a planetary scale. As argued by Donna Haraway we as critters are in this world together. This entails the necessity to ‘stay with the trouble’ and hereby to work together to craft liveable, albeit frictious ways of cohabitation.
But the question is how we as researchers can ‘stay with the trouble’ in tourism. In this talk, I will propose different strategies for researching tourism trouble as we stand confronted with the messy object of tourism. What characterizes these efforts is their use of critical proximity rather than critical distance as a tool for world making and for mattering. The hope is that such ways of knowing tourism in modest, tinkering and often collaborative ways can carve out new trajectories for tourism scholars to study and engage with tourism with a new criticality of care.
Carina Ren is ethnologist and researches how tourism interferes with other fields of the social through cultural innovation and explores new ways in which tourism is developed, organised and valued. Through ethnographic, design and digital approaches, she explores different practices and processes of cultural innovation, the performance of branding and value-creation through events. Her research often takes place in research collaborations with tourism organisations and industry, communities and students. She is the co-editor of Actor-Network Theory and Tourism (2012), Tourism Encounters and Controversies. Ontological Politics of Tourism Development (2015) and recently Co-Creating Tourism Research. Towards Collaborative Ways of Knowing (2017).
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Bryan GrimwoodAssociate ProfessorDepartment of Recreation and Leisure Studies at the University of Waterloo
Unsettling responsibilities in Arctic tourism
In this presentation, I seek to disrupt settler colonial narratives that permeate meanings and practices of responsibility in Arctic tourism. Settler colonialism represents a set of social power relations that perpetually strive to erase Indigenous societies and title to lands in order to allow for the construction and continuation of a colonial society on the expropriated land base. In Canada—the specific settler colonial context within which my relationship to the Arctic is situated—settler colonialism has steered (and continues to steer) not only state policy directions and development regimes, but also taken-for-granted nation-making narratives that essentialize and silence Indigenous ways of knowing, being, and relating to land. The power of these narratives is tethered to their invisibility, often as common-sense ways of “doing good” or “being responsible”, coupled with their denial of any violence being done. Arctic tourism, I argue, is an especially potent social force through which settler colonial narratives are perpetuated. Drawing on narrative methodology and community-based field research in the Canadian Subarctic, I begin by locating settler stories that move through responsibilities associated with, enacted within, Arctic tourism. Next, working from the premise that resisting settler colonialism necessitates fostering practices, knowledges, and life stories grounded elsewhere, I illuminate Indigenous community narratives of responsibility relating to sacred ancestral lands. My interpretations take aim at piercing the power and invisibility of settler colonial relations in tourism, troubling the stories settlers tell, and assembling new narratives of settler responsibility within Arctic tourism and Arctic tourism research. If storied and performed beyond conventional industry-oriented discourses, Arctic tourism might just enable settlers to identify with their responsibilities as beneficiaries of settler colonialism.
Bryan Grimwood is trained as a human geographer and engaged scholar, Bryan’s research focuses on tourism and Indigenous Peoples, tourism ethics and responsibility, northern landscapes, and outdoor education. His research is informed theoretically by relational perspectives of nature and morality, and draws on diverse qualitative methodologies and principles of community-based and participatory research. Bryan is co-editor of the forthcoming book New Moral Natures in Tourism (Routledge) and several special journal issues, including one on tourism moralities and mobilities (Tourist Studies) and care ethics in tourism education (Journal of Teaching in Travel & Tourism). Bryan sits on the editorial boards of Leisure Sciences and The Journal of Ecotourism, and co-chairs the North American chapter of the Critical Tourism Studies network.
KEYNOTES SPEAKERS
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Britt KramvigProfessorDepartment for Tourism and Northern Studies at UiT The Arctic University of Norway
Turbulent indigenous objects: Controversies around cultural appropriation and tourist activity
As the focus of this conference indicates, tourism involves multiple actors and interests. This paper addresses controversies surrounding the use and misuse of Sámi objects and Sámi cultural practices in Tourism. In Sápmi, as in other countries with indigenous populations, disputes arise on issues of cultural appropriation. These disputes are played out in public spaces and via social media. They include questions of how, by whom and under what circumstances traditional Sámi objects and cultural practices are made use of.
Tensions result between colonialism on the one hand and tourism that disadvantages indigenous populations seeking to engage in tourism on their own terms on the other. In much international academic debate, these tensions are addressed by designing research projects in line with indigenous methodologies. Indigenous methodologies aim to acknowledge multiple epistemic authorities. They highlight that we, as researchers, participate in collective knowledge communities. The question for indigenous tourist studies is therefore how to participate with care and responsibility to build knowledge in collaboration with, but not on, communities.
Britt Kramvig’s current core area of interest is the entanglement between indigenous Arctic people’s ontologies, politics, business and multiple ways of knowing. Another major interest is the specificity of (Arctic) creativity, tourism and innovation policy where she also has served as an advisor through position in multiple business initiatives, boards and programs. Britt has researched and published on the assemblages of creativity, art, science and innovation as part of sustainability in contemporary communities. Her current research projects encompass the ongoing politic and practice of reconciliation in Arctic Communities, imaginaries of Arctic futures, and the material turn in social science. Britt regularly contributes to the public debate in national and regional newspapers, through film documentary projects for TV & festivals and as an active participator in many art/science project, among the latest Dark Ecology & SALT. Britt is a research partner at the Centre of Excellence: Resource Extraction and Sustainable Arctic Communities, REXSAC lead by Prof. Sverker Sörlin from KTH, Sweden.
KEYNOTES SPEAKERS
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WORKSHOPS
Peer review insights
Judy Mielke
Room: Kultursalen (E102)Time: 14.40-15.10
Publishing in peer-reviewed academic journals is a crucial element for dissemination of knowledge and academic assessment. While we are familiar with academic journals, what is less known is the “behind the scenes” elements, including how journals operate and how to decide which is the right journal to publish one´s scholarly work. Judy Mielke, Publisher at Taylor & Francis, which publishes the Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, will provide insights to peer review and guidance on how to identify the right journal to publish your next research paper.
Sámi tourism in the North
Hilde Bjørkli, Arvid Viken, Dieter Müller, Bynhild Granås, Ellinor Utsi, Siv Selnes Sara & Nina Smedseng
Room: Brattholmen (A105)Time: 15.25-17.25
This workshop offers the possibility to enter into dialog with Sámi tourist providers in the project Johtit. The Sámi culture has always been an important differentiating aspect of the marketing of Northern Norway. The culture is mostly presented as pre-modern heritage, represented by the reindeer herding lifestyle. This “exotification” of the Sámis as a traditional, harmonious people living in close connection to nature – in contrast to the modern Western culture - has remained from the early birth of Arctic tourism.
Contemporary Sámi culture is a modern culture in every aspect, but in a Sámi way. This is a challenge for the tourism industry, as the “lack of Sáminess” in the real life is not consistent with the marketing images.
This workshop aims to identify the dilemmas of authenticity, marketing and sustainability in heritage tourism, hereby represented through the Sámi culture.
Points of discussion: • As part of a modern world, how can or should Sámi culture and society be presented
for tourists? What are the elements of a modern Sámi life that is of interest for tourist? Do we have to expose former life and traditions (the Sámi emblems) to catch the tourists’ interests?
• As a modern culture and destination, how can Sámi tourism providers cope with the authenticity issue?
• In which way is the marketing of Sámi heritage a premise for Sámi tourism providers in their presentations? How does the marketing influence the products offered from the providers?
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Sound, listening and affect in tourism
Mads Bødker & Ana Maria Munar
Room: Loppa (A204)Time: 15.25-17.25
Sounds and acoustic qualities play a crucial role in forming the experience of places, but both practitioners and academics seem have a difficult time articulating how sound plays a role in the experience of places. What feelings, moods, or atmospheres does sound contribute to, and what approaches might be useful for capture and analysis of sound?
This workshop aims to broadly sensitize the participants to the sonorous qualities of the environment. Through practical, collaborative sound recording exercises, the participants are invited to reflect on what sounds can do, how sounds may invoke excitement, relaxa-tion, stress, energy, a sense of history, or any other ‘modulation’ of a sense of place. We ask broadly how sounds give shape to places and the felt sense of ‘being there’. Concurrently, we ask how we might develop richer vocabularies and tactics around otherwise ephemeral, fleeting phenomena of sounds, place and listening, and how a scholarly engagement might play out if sound recordings and listening are primary sources of data.
Due to equipment, a maximum of 25 people can attend. Please register in the info-desk.
Tourism employment: Current challenges and opportunities
Marianne Ekonen, Magnfríður Júlíusdóttir, Gunnar Thór Jóhannesson,Guðrún Þóra Gunnarsdóttir, Katrín Anna Lund & Andreas Walmsley
Room: Kultursalen (E102)Time: 15.25-17.25
The aim of the session is to explore current issues surrounding employment in the tourism and hospitality sectors. Tourism employment is characterised by a number of paradoxes such as that between attestations of employee importance to service quality on the one hand and low wages on the other, between criticisms of tourism as a poor employer and perceptions of tourism employment as glamorous, between characterisation of low skills while many tourism jobs demand high levels of emotional and aesthetic labour. These are just some of the underlying paradoxes that could be explored in this session with a specific focus on how they are reflected within a Nordic context, e.g. Iceland’s experience of rapid tourism growth and fears around precarious employment, or Nordic models of the welfare system, which may impact perceptions of low paid tourism work.
As the anticipated outcomes are a creation and sharing of knowledge, the session will offer both traditional papers as well as interactive sessions to explore collaborative opportunities, discuss theoretical frameworks and a draft outline summary working paper of key insights, which can then be shared with the wider academic community.
WORKSHOPS
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The role of paradigms in research and teaching: The case of sustainable tourism development
Dorothee Bohn & Cecilia De Bernardi
Room: 1087Time: 15.25-17.25
The study of research paradigms, understood as certain worldviews that entail ontological, epistemological, methodological and axiological premises, has much to offer for tourism scholarship. Each paradigm allows for approaching tourism phenomena from a different angle and provides guidance for maintaining the coherence in a research project. Studying paradigms renders also insights into the evolving body of knowledge shared by an academic community. Yet, paradigms are infrequently and often inconsistently employed within tourism research.
In the session, we will elaborate together a well-known theme in tourism studies, namely sustainable tourism development, from different paradigmatic positions. On the one hand, the objectives are to increase the knowledge of paradigms and to encourage the use of paradigmatic reflections while on the other, we hope to create a platform in which we can share our ideas in a fruitful way so that we can learn from each other. To prepare for this workshop, participants can ponder beforehand on paradigmatic issues informing their own research projects.
WORKSHOPS
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SYMPOSIUM PROGRAM SEPTEMBER 24TH
SYMPOSIUM PROGRAM SEPTEMBER 25TH
08.30 - 09.00 Kultursalen: Opening of symposium
09.00 - 09.45 Kultursalen: Carina Ren – Tourism trouble: On researching
and caring for messy tourism
09.45 - 10.30 Kultursalen: Bryan Grimwood – Unsettling responsibilities in Arctic tourism
10.30 - 10.50 Glassgata: Refreshments
10.50 - 12.10 PARALLEL SESSIONS I
12.10 - 13.40 Scandic Hotel: Lunch (10 minutes walk from Campus Alta. See map).
13.40 - 15.00 PARALLEL SESSIONS II
14.40 - 15.10 WORKSHOP
15.00 - 15.25 Glassgata: Refreshments
15.25 - 17.25 WORKSHOPS
19.00 Parking lot Scandic Hotel: Departure Arctic Gala Dinner. See map.
19.30 - 23.30 Sorrisniva: Arctic Gala Dinner
09.00 - 17.00 Optional full-day excursion
13.30 - 17.00 Optional half-day excursion
17.00 - 21.00 Main entrance: Registration
18.00 - 21.00 Glassgata/Kantina: Reception
20.30 - 00.30 Northern lights tour. See practical information
SYMPOSIUM PROGRAM SEPTEMBER 24TH
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SYMPOSIUM PROGRAM SEPTEMBER 26TH
08.30 - 09.15 Kultursalen: Brit Kramvig – Turbulent indigenous objects: Controversies around cultural appropriation and tourist activity
09.15 - 09.30 Practical information
09.30 - 09.50 Glassgata: Refreshments
09.50 - 11.10 PARALLEL SESSIONS III
11.10 - 12.35 Scandic Hotel: Lunch (10 minutes walk from Campus Alta. See map).
12.35 - 13.55 PARALLEL SESSIONS IV
13.55 - 14.15 Glassgata: Refreshments
14.15 - 15.35 PARALLEL SESSIONS V
15.35 - 15.50 Break
15.50 - 17.10 PARALLEL SESSIONS VI
17.10 - 17.25 Closure
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nexu
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twee
n au
then
ticity
and
co
mm
erci
aliz
atio
n.
13: L
imits
to
degr
owth
? D
ilem
mas
in to
ur-
ism
and
deg
row
th
in N
ordi
c co
untr
ies.
32: O
ther
them
es.
31: G
ende
r in
to
uris
m.
24: B
uild
ing
shar
ed
know
ledg
e fo
r to
uris
m
deve
lopm
ent.
Chai
r:Sa
rah
Seid
elCa
rina
Ren
, Gun
nar
Thór
Jó
hann
esso
n &
Br
itt K
ram
vig
Grz
egor
z Kw
iatk
owsk
&
Hel
ene
Mar
istu
enJu
ndan
Zha
ngYo
ung-
Sook
Lee
Bent
e H
eim
tun
Seija
Tuu
lent
ie
& A
rvid
Vik
en
1050
1110
The
role
of c
onve
n-ie
nce
in s
usta
inab
le
cons
umpt
ion
prac
tices
. By
Bian
ca
Koro
sche
tz, C
ecili
a So
lér &
Ben
jam
in
Har
tman
n
Crea
ting
know
ledg
e –
gene
ratin
g re
aliti
es: T
he
colla
bora
tive
chal
leng
e.
By C
arin
a Re
n, G
unna
r Thó
r Jó
hann
esso
n &
René
van
der
Dui
m
Rura
l res
taur
ants
and
th
eir
cust
omer
s:
Und
erst
andi
ng lo
cal f
ood
as a
par
t of t
he
expe
rien
ce e
cono
my.
By
Elis
abet
Lju
nggr
en, E
va
N. H
øber
g, M
arie
ll Jø
rsta
d &
Ingr
id R
oald
sen
Esta
blis
hmen
t of a
su
stai
nabl
e fu
ture
: D
e-gr
owth
pol
icie
s in
Tou
rism
. By
Ruh
et G
enc
The
why
s or
why
not
s of
vis
iting
a p
lace
: In
form
atio
n se
arch
at
hom
e an
d en
rou
te.
By L
ena
Eski
lsso
n,
Mar
ia M
ånss
on &
M
alin
Zill
inge
r
The
deve
lopm
ent o
f al
pine
ski
tour
ism
in
Sw
eden
from
a
gend
er p
ersp
ectiv
e: A
te
ntat
ive
anal
ysis
of
the
mov
ies
Snow
ro
ller
and
Forc
e M
ajeu
r. B
y Aa
ge
Radm
ann
& S
usan
na
Hed
enbo
rg
Reco
ncili
ng te
nsio
ns in
kn
owle
dge
shar
ing
on
natu
ral r
esou
rce
gove
rnan
ce in
Irel
and’
s pe
riph
eral
wes
t.
By O
rlagh
Rey
nold
s
& Jo
hn M
cDon
agh
1110
1130
Sust
aina
bilit
y as
at
trac
tion:
How
m
unda
ne p
lace
s an
d pr
actic
es b
ecom
e to
uris
t att
ract
ions
in
Scan
dina
via.
By
Mat
ias
T. Jø
rgen
sen
Co-c
reat
ion
met
hodo
logi
es
for
stud
ents
’ em
ploy
abili
ty
in th
e fo
od s
ecto
r: S
ome
evid
ence
from
the
FO
OD
biz
proj
ect.
By
Chi
ara
Rina
ldi,
Eva
Mar
ia
Jern
sand
& L
ena
Mos
sber
g
Food
tour
ism
: The
nex
us
betw
een
auth
entic
ity
and
com
mer
cial
izat
ion.
By
Grz
egor
z Kw
iatk
owsk
i, H
elen
e M
aris
tuen
& O
ve
Okl
evik
Inno
vativ
e en
tre-
pren
eurs
hip
in
nort
hern
Sw
eden
: O
nly
for
grow
ths
sake
?
By Ju
ndan
Zha
ng &
Li
nda
Lund
mar
k
Mak
e ro
om fo
r va
lue
no-c
reat
ion:
Bey
ond
valu
e co
-cre
atio
n an
d co
des
truc
tion.
By
Ero
se S
thap
it &
Pe
ter B
jörk
Man
catio
ns: ‘
Doi
ng’
mal
e fr
iend
ship
s an
d m
ascu
line
iden
titie
s.
By B
odil
Blic
hfel
dt &
Lu
igi D
’Am
bros
io
You
mig
ht n
ot li
ke th
e pr
ojec
t but
you
hav
e to
re
spec
t the
guy
: Vir
tues
as
part
of e
ntre
pren
eurs
hip
in to
uris
m a
nd
extr
activ
e in
dust
ries
. By
Gau
te S
vens
son
1130
1150
Gre
en c
onsu
mpt
ion
impl
icat
ions
for
sust
aina
ble
tour
ism
. By
Kat
arzy
na N
egac
z
Gas
tron
omy
as s
usta
inab
le
tour
ism
dev
elop
men
t of
peri
pher
al d
estin
atio
ns:
Trip
le h
elix
as
a dr
iver
. By
Jon
Sund
bo &
Don
na S
undb
o
The
ordi
nary
of t
he e
x-tr
aord
inar
y fo
od e
xper
i-en
ces.
By
San
dhiy
a G
oola
up
Deg
row
ing
tour
ism
: M
ulti-
scal
ar s
trat
e-gi
es a
nd fa
ilure
s. B
y C.
Mic
hael
Hal
l
The
Auss
ie to
uris
t W
ave.
By
Rich
ard
Robi
nson
Mid
life
sing
le w
om-
en’s
holid
ays
and
filia
l du
ty.
By B
ente
Hei
mtu
n
Tour
ism
at N
orth
Ca
pe –
mon
opol
y, im
peri
-al
ism
or
mar
ket e
cono
my
in p
ract
ice:
A m
oral
co
ncer
n. B
y Ar
vid
Vike
n
1150
1210
The
mos
t im
port
ant
aspe
cts
of s
usta
in-
abili
ty in
mar
ketin
g of
Fin
nish
hol
iday
vi
lla fo
r Fi
nnis
h an
d Ru
ssia
n co
nsum
ers.
By
Kat
ja P
asan
en
Knitt
ing
and
purl
ing
care
: En
tang
led
stor
ies
of g
reen
-an
d-w
hite
mitt
ens.
By
Out
i Kug
api
& E
mily
Höc
kert
Food
and
mea
ls in
Nor
-w
ay: W
hat i
s In
stag
ram
sa
ying
?
By K
ai V
icto
r Han
sen
‘Am
bigu
ity w
ork’
in
lifes
tyle
ent
repr
e-ne
ursh
ip. B
y Er
ika
Ande
rsso
n
Cede
rhol
m
WW
OO
Fers
, ‘W
anna
bes’
and
“WW
OO
Fers
’ lig
ht”
in N
orw
ay. B
y Re
idar
J.
Myk
letu
n, In
gebo
rg
Nor
dbø
&
Món
ica
S. P
érez
Rura
l gen
der
re-c
onst
ruct
ions
in
tour
ism
in p
erip
hera
l N
ordi
c ar
eas.
By
Susa
nna
Hel
dt C
asse
l
The
map
ping
of
expe
rien
ce-b
ased
kn
owle
dge
in to
uris
m
plan
ning
: Cas
es fr
om
Finn
ish
Lapl
and.
By
Seija
Tu
ulen
tie, A
ri N
ikul
a, S
ini
Kant
ola,
Mar
ja U
usita
lo &
Ve
sa N
ival
a
![Page 17: TOURISM IMPLICATIONS AND DILEMMAS1537365065000/... · Bente Haug, Arvid Viken, Britt Kramvig, Brynhild Granås, Trine Kvidal-Røvik and Bente Heimtun . 4 EMERGENCY SERVICES +47 78](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022053122/60a84e3dd8bff27e336e4540/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
PARA
LLEL
SES
SIO
NS
I, 10
50-1
210
- TU
ESD
AY 2
5 SE
PTEM
BER
ROO
M10
6810
87M
AGER
ØY
(A10
3)BR
ATTH
OLM
EN
(A10
5)SE
ILAN
D
(A20
3)LO
PPA
(A20
4)KU
LTU
RSAL
EN
(E10
2)
Sess
ion:
12: S
usta
inab
le
beha
viou
r in
tour
ism
&
hos
pita
lity.
20: C
o-cr
eatio
nal m
etho
d-ol
ogie
s in
tour
ism
: To
war
ds c
olla
bora
tive
way
s of
kno
win
g.
30: F
ood
tour
ism
: A
nexu
s be
twee
n au
then
ticity
and
co
mm
erci
aliz
atio
n.
13: L
imits
to
degr
owth
? D
ilem
mas
in to
ur-
ism
and
deg
row
th
in N
ordi
c co
untr
ies.
32: O
ther
them
es.
31: G
ende
r in
to
uris
m.
24: B
uild
ing
shar
ed
know
ledg
e fo
r to
uris
m
deve
lopm
ent.
Chai
r:Sa
rah
Seid
elCa
rina
Ren
, Gun
nar
Thór
Jó
hann
esso
n &
Br
itt K
ram
vig
Grz
egor
z Kw
iatk
owsk
&
Hel
ene
Mar
istu
enJu
ndan
Zha
ngYo
ung-
Sook
Lee
Bent
e H
eim
tun
Seija
Tuu
lent
ie
& A
rvid
Vik
en
1050
1110
The
role
of c
onve
n-ie
nce
in s
usta
inab
le
cons
umpt
ion
prac
tices
. By
Bian
ca
Koro
sche
tz, C
ecili
a So
lér &
Ben
jam
in
Har
tman
n
Crea
ting
know
ledg
e –
gene
ratin
g re
aliti
es: T
he
colla
bora
tive
chal
leng
e.
By C
arin
a Re
n, G
unna
r Thó
r Jó
hann
esso
n &
René
van
der
Dui
m
Rura
l res
taur
ants
and
th
eir
cust
omer
s:
Und
erst
andi
ng lo
cal f
ood
as a
par
t of t
he
expe
rien
ce e
cono
my.
By
Elis
abet
Lju
nggr
en, E
va
N. H
øber
g, M
arie
ll Jø
rsta
d &
Ingr
id R
oald
sen
Esta
blis
hmen
t of a
su
stai
nabl
e fu
ture
: D
e-gr
owth
pol
icie
s in
Tou
rism
. By
Ruh
et G
enc
The
why
s or
why
not
s of
vis
iting
a p
lace
: In
form
atio
n se
arch
at
hom
e an
d en
rou
te.
By L
ena
Eski
lsso
n,
Mar
ia M
ånss
on &
M
alin
Zill
inge
r
The
deve
lopm
ent o
f al
pine
ski
tour
ism
in
Sw
eden
from
a
gend
er p
ersp
ectiv
e: A
te
ntat
ive
anal
ysis
of
the
mov
ies
Snow
ro
ller
and
Forc
e M
ajeu
r. B
y Aa
ge
Radm
ann
& S
usan
na
Hed
enbo
rg
Reco
ncili
ng te
nsio
ns in
kn
owle
dge
shar
ing
on
natu
ral r
esou
rce
gove
rnan
ce in
Irel
and’
s pe
riph
eral
wes
t.
By O
rlagh
Rey
nold
s
& Jo
hn M
cDon
agh
1110
1130
Sust
aina
bilit
y as
at
trac
tion:
How
m
unda
ne p
lace
s an
d pr
actic
es b
ecom
e to
uris
t att
ract
ions
in
Scan
dina
via.
By
Mat
ias
T. Jø
rgen
sen
Co-c
reat
ion
met
hodo
logi
es
for
stud
ents
’ em
ploy
abili
ty
in th
e fo
od s
ecto
r: S
ome
evid
ence
from
the
FO
OD
biz
proj
ect.
By
Chi
ara
Rina
ldi,
Eva
Mar
ia
Jern
sand
& L
ena
Mos
sber
g
Food
tour
ism
: The
nex
us
betw
een
auth
entic
ity
and
com
mer
cial
izat
ion.
By
Grz
egor
z Kw
iatk
owsk
i, H
elen
e M
aris
tuen
& O
ve
Okl
evik
Inno
vativ
e en
tre-
pren
eurs
hip
in
nort
hern
Sw
eden
: O
nly
for
grow
ths
sake
?
By Ju
ndan
Zha
ng &
Li
nda
Lund
mar
k
Mak
e ro
om fo
r va
lue
no-c
reat
ion:
Bey
ond
valu
e co
-cre
atio
n an
d co
des
truc
tion.
By
Ero
se S
thap
it &
Pe
ter B
jörk
Man
catio
ns: ‘
Doi
ng’
mal
e fr
iend
ship
s an
d m
ascu
line
iden
titie
s.
By B
odil
Blic
hfel
dt &
Lu
igi D
’Am
bros
io
You
mig
ht n
ot li
ke th
e pr
ojec
t but
you
hav
e to
re
spec
t the
guy
: Vir
tues
as
part
of e
ntre
pren
eurs
hip
in to
uris
m a
nd
extr
activ
e in
dust
ries
. By
Gau
te S
vens
son
1130
1150
Gre
en c
onsu
mpt
ion
impl
icat
ions
for
sust
aina
ble
tour
ism
. By
Kat
arzy
na N
egac
z
Gas
tron
omy
as s
usta
inab
le
tour
ism
dev
elop
men
t of
peri
pher
al d
estin
atio
ns:
Trip
le h
elix
as
a dr
iver
. By
Jon
Sund
bo &
Don
na S
undb
o
The
ordi
nary
of t
he e
x-tr
aord
inar
y fo
od e
xper
i-en
ces.
By
San
dhiy
a G
oola
up
Deg
row
ing
tour
ism
: M
ulti-
scal
ar s
trat
e-gi
es a
nd fa
ilure
s. B
y C.
Mic
hael
Hal
l
The
Auss
ie to
uris
t W
ave.
By
Rich
ard
Robi
nson
Mid
life
sing
le w
om-
en’s
holid
ays
and
filia
l du
ty.
By B
ente
Hei
mtu
n
Tour
ism
at N
orth
Ca
pe –
mon
opol
y, im
peri
-al
ism
or
mar
ket e
cono
my
in p
ract
ice:
A m
oral
co
ncer
n. B
y Ar
vid
Vike
n
1150
1210
The
mos
t im
port
ant
aspe
cts
of s
usta
in-
abili
ty in
mar
ketin
g of
Fin
nish
hol
iday
vi
lla fo
r Fi
nnis
h an
d Ru
ssia
n co
nsum
ers.
By
Kat
ja P
asan
en
Knitt
ing
and
purl
ing
care
: En
tang
led
stor
ies
of g
reen
-an
d-w
hite
mitt
ens.
By
Out
i Kug
api
& E
mily
Höc
kert
Food
and
mea
ls in
Nor
-w
ay: W
hat i
s In
stag
ram
sa
ying
?
By K
ai V
icto
r Han
sen
‘Am
bigu
ity w
ork’
in
lifes
tyle
ent
repr
e-ne
ursh
ip. B
y Er
ika
Ande
rsso
n
Cede
rhol
m
WW
OO
Fers
, ‘W
anna
bes’
and
“WW
OO
Fers
’ lig
ht”
in N
orw
ay. B
y Re
idar
J.
Myk
letu
n, In
gebo
rg
Nor
dbø
&
Món
ica
S. P
érez
Rura
l gen
der
re-c
onst
ruct
ions
in
tour
ism
in p
erip
hera
l N
ordi
c ar
eas.
By
Susa
nna
Hel
dt C
asse
l
The
map
ping
of
expe
rien
ce-b
ased
kn
owle
dge
in to
uris
m
plan
ning
: Cas
es fr
om
Finn
ish
Lapl
and.
By
Seija
Tu
ulen
tie, A
ri N
ikul
a, S
ini
Kant
ola,
Mar
ja U
usita
lo &
Ve
sa N
ival
a
PARA
LLEL
SES
SIO
NS
II, 1
340-
1500
- TU
ESD
AY 2
5 SE
PTEM
BER
ROO
M10
6810
87M
AGER
ØY
(A10
3)BR
ATTH
OLM
EN
(A10
5)SE
ILAN
D
(A20
3)LO
PPA
(A20
4)ST
JERN
ØYA
(A
104)
Sess
ion:
12: S
usta
inab
le
beha
viou
r in
tour
ism
an
d ho
spita
lity.
20: C
o-cr
eatio
nal m
etho
d-ol
ogie
s in
tour
ism
: To
war
ds c
olla
bora
tive
way
s of
kno
win
g.
11: S
usta
inab
le T
ouri
sm
Gro
wth
in th
e N
ordi
c Co
untr
ies.
26: T
ouri
sm in
co
asta
l and
mar
ine
envi
ronm
ents
.32
: Oth
er th
emes
.
3: C
ity to
uris
m:
Dile
mm
as a
nd
impl
icat
ions
in
dest
inat
ion
deve
lopm
ent.
17: C
ondu
ctin
g hi
gh
qual
ity to
uris
m a
nd
hosp
italit
y re
sear
ch:
Refle
ctio
ns a
nd
dem
onst
ratio
ns o
f met
h-od
olog
ical
app
roac
hes.
Chai
r:Sa
rah
Seid
elCa
rina
Ren
, Gun
nar
Thór
Jó
hann
esso
n &
Br
itt K
ram
vig
Sigb
jørn
Tve
tera
asSa
nna-
Mar
i Ren
fors
&
Jaan
a Ru
oho
Arild
Røk
enes
Gör
an A
nder
sson
Trud
e Fu
rnes
& Je
ns K
. S.
Jaco
bsen
13.4
014
.00
The
role
of g
uide
s an
d th
eir
cont
ribu
-tio
n to
nat
ure
cons
erva
tion.
By
Anna
V. E
inar
sdót
tir &
G
uðrú
n H
elga
dótti
r
Co-c
reat
ion
of k
now
ledg
e:
Tran
slat
ing
subj
ectiv
ities
, vi
sual
ities
and
aut
hori
sed
know
ledg
e. B
y Cl
audi
a Eg
er
Mov
ing
tow
ards
su
stai
nabl
e gr
owth
: Re
visi
ting
the
10 p
ilot
sche
me
proj
ects
. By
Ida
Mar
ie V
. And
erse
n &
Bod
il S.
Blic
hfel
dt
The
unsu
stai
nabi
lity
of c
ruis
e to
uris
m.
By S
vein
Lar
sen,
Ka
thar
ina
Wol
ff,
Eina
r Mar
nbur
g ,
Torv
ald
Øga
ard
The
Balti
c Se
a re
gion
an
d ot
her
blan
k sp
aces
. Sw
edis
h to
uris
m in
dust
ry
narr
ativ
es: A
ge
ogra
phy
in m
akin
g.
By C
hris
tian
Wid
holm
A st
akeh
olde
r an
alys
is o
f Le
euw
arde
n Fr
yslâ
n as
Eur
opea
n Ca
pita
l of
Cul
ture
201
8. B
y Kl
aes
Erin
ga &
Ole
ksii
Khre
btiie
vsky
i
Dis
cret
e ch
oice
exp
eri-
men
ts in
nat
ure-
base
d to
uris
m a
nd o
utdo
or
recr
eatio
n: A
sys
tem
atic
qu
antit
ativ
e re
view
. By
Kath
rin Ja
the
14.0
014
.20
Mar
ket s
egm
en-
tatio
n in
tour
ism
: D
estin
atio
ns in
the
Nor
dic
peri
pher
y an
d re
spon
sibl
e to
uris
ts.
By B
rynj
ar T
hor T
hor-
stei
nsso
n, E
inar
Sva
ns-
son
& K
ari J
oens
en
How
to a
lgor
ithm
and
cu
rate
“the
ulti
mat
e ex
peri
ence
”? B
y Ki
rsti
Mat
hies
en H
jem
dahl
, Dan
iel
Nor
dgår
d, E
rik W
ästlu
nd &
To
r Hel
ge A
as
Swed
ish
tour
ism
in a
ch
angi
ng c
limat
e: A
co
mpr
ehen
sive
res
earc
h ag
enda
. By
Cen
k D
emiro
glu
&
Lind
a Lu
ndm
ark
Dev
elop
ing
stak
e-ho
lder
info
rmed
cu
rric
ulum
in c
osta
l an
d m
ariti
me
tour
ism
: A p
ersp
ec-
tive
from
Fin
land
. By
San
na-M
ari R
en-
fors
& Ja
ana
Ruoh
o
Shop
ping
as
a to
uris
t ac
tivity
: On
mea
ning
cr
eatio
n an
d th
e sa
lienc
e of
pla
ce.
By L
ucia
Piz
zich
ini &
Er
ik L
undb
erg
Shop
ping
and
su
stai
nabi
lity:
The
ca
se o
f Sto
ckho
lm.
By D
enni
s Za
lam
ans
The
appl
icat
ion
of a
m
ultip
hase
app
roac
h to
ex
plor
e to
uris
ts’ e
xper
i-en
ces
in d
epth
. By
Åsa
Gra
hn
14.2
014
.40
Loca
l foo
d pr
oduc
ts
in to
uris
m: I
nflue
nc-
ing
tour
ists
’ be
havi
our
by te
lling
st
orie
s.
By S
arah
Sei
del
Slow
ing
dow
n in
dige
nous
tr
avel
ling.
By
Brit
t Kra
mvi
g &
Jan
Åge
Rise
th
Sust
aina
ble
valu
e cr
ea-
tion
with
in
busi
ness
mod
els
in
natu
re to
uris
m: E
xplo
ring
th
e un
derl
ying
dri
vers
. By
Sam
ira S
aheb
alza
man
i
Tem
pora
l asp
ects
of
com
mun
icat
ing
met
ocea
n in
for-
mat
ion
for
Arct
ic
mar
ine
tour
ism
. By
Jelm
er Je
urin
g
Pred
ictin
g sa
tisfa
ctio
n w
ith
co-p
rodu
ctio
n: A
sy
stem
atic
rev
iew
an
d m
eta-
anal
ysis
of
feed
back
inte
rven
-tio
n on
con
sum
ers’
satis
fact
ion
with
task
pe
rfor
man
ce. B
y M
ay
I. Fu
rene
s, T
rude
Fur
unes
, O
lga
Gje
rald
, Jo
Røsl
ien
&
Torv
ald
Øga
ard
The
prac
tice
of
targ
etin
g vi
sito
rs to
ur
ban
dest
inat
ions
: A
criti
cal d
iscu
ssio
n of
DM
Os
info
rmat
ion
stra
tegi
es.
By L
ena
Eski
lsso
n,
Mar
ia M
ånss
on &
M
alin
Zill
inge
r
Mea
suri
ng p
erce
ived
ris
k:
How
item
wor
ding
will
in
fluen
ce y
our
findi
ngs.
By
Kat
harin
a W
olff
& S
vein
La
rsen
14.4
015
.00
Colla
bora
tive
geom
edia
re
sear
ch m
etho
dolo
gies
. By
Lot
ta B
raun
erhi
elm
, Li
nda
Ryan
Ben
gtss
on
& L
aila
Gib
son
Urb
aniz
atio
n de
gree
and
su
rviv
al o
f tou
rism
firm
s.
By U
rsul
a La
ndaz
uri &
O
ddne
Skr
ede
Mak
ing,
sus
tain
ing
and
shar
ing
rura
lity:
Th
e ro
le o
f fes
tival
s in
rur
al p
lace
-mak
ing.
By
Grz
egor
z Kw
iatk
owsk
i &
Ove
Okl
evik
City
, eth
nici
ty,
dive
rsity
and
the
orig
in o
f Fir
e fe
stiv
al
in S
wed
ish
maj
or
citie
s:
A re
sear
ch id
ea.
By S
aeid
Abb
asia
n
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18
WO
RKSH
OPS
- TU
ESD
AY 2
5 SE
PTEM
BER
ROO
MBR
ATTH
OLM
EN (A
105)
LOPP
A (A
204)
KULT
URS
ALEN
(E
102)
1087
KULT
URS
ALEN
(E10
2)
Mod
erat
ors:
Hild
e Bj
ørkl
i, Ar
vid
Vike
n,
Die
ter
Mül
ler,
Ellin
or U
tsi,
Siv
Seln
es S
ara
&
Nin
a Sm
edse
ng
Mad
s Bø
dker
&
Ana
Mar
ia M
unar
Dor
othe
e Bo
hn &
Ce
cilia
De
Bern
ardi
Mar
iann
e Ek
onen
, Mag
nfrí
ður
Júlíu
sdót
tir, G
unna
r Th
ór
Jóha
nnes
son,
Guð
rún
Þóra
G
unna
rsdó
ttir
, Kat
rín
Anna
Lun
d &
And
reas
Wal
msl
ey
Wor
ksho
p 14
.40-
15.1
0Pe
er re
view
insi
ghts
.
Wor
ksho
ps
15.2
5-17
.25
Sám
i tou
rism
in th
e N
orth
.So
und,
list
enin
g an
d aff
ect i
n to
uris
m.
The
role
of p
arad
igm
s in
re
sear
ch a
nd te
achi
ng: T
he
case
of s
usta
inab
le
tour
ism
dev
elop
men
t.
Tour
ism
em
ploy
men
t: Cu
rren
t ch
alle
nges
and
opp
ortu
nitie
s.
![Page 19: TOURISM IMPLICATIONS AND DILEMMAS1537365065000/... · Bente Haug, Arvid Viken, Britt Kramvig, Brynhild Granås, Trine Kvidal-Røvik and Bente Heimtun . 4 EMERGENCY SERVICES +47 78](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022053122/60a84e3dd8bff27e336e4540/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
PARA
LLEL
SES
SIO
NS
III, 0
950-
1110
- W
EDN
ESD
AY 2
6 SE
PTEM
BER
ROO
M10
6810
87M
AGER
ØY
(A10
3)BR
ATTH
OLM
EN
(A10
5)SE
ILAN
D
(A20
3)LO
PPA
(A20
4)KU
LTU
RSAL
EN (E
102)
STJE
RNØ
YA
(A10
4)
Sess
ion:
2: T
ouri
sm
enco
unte
rs in
the
sub-
arct
ic N
orth
: Im
plic
atio
ns a
nd
dile
mm
as.
18: C
once
ptua
l-iz
atio
ns: B
lurr
ing
the
boun
dari
es o
f to
uris
m p
ract
ices
.
11: S
usta
inab
le to
uris
m
grow
th in
the
Nor
dic
coun
trie
s.
3. C
ity to
uris
m:
Dile
mm
as a
nd
impl
icat
ions
in d
esti-
natio
n de
velo
pmen
t.
9: H
uman
fact
ors
in th
e to
uris
m a
nd h
ospi
talit
y se
rvic
es.
21: A
dvan
ces
in
cont
empo
rary
tour
ism
pu
blic
pol
icy.
22: T
rans
form
ing
dest
inat
ions
: Tou
rism
dy
nam
ics,
go
vern
ance
and
lo
calit
ies
in c
hang
e.
10: S
usta
inab
le
expe
rien
ces
in
tour
ism
.
Chai
r:Be
ate
Burs
ta,
Trin
e Kv
idal
-Røv
ik,
Kjel
l Ols
en &
Out
i Ra
ntal
a
Bryn
hild
Gra
nås,
Ka
trín
Ann
a Lu
nd &
G
unna
r Th
ór
Jóha
nnes
son
Sigb
jørn
Tve
tera
asG
öran
And
erss
onO
lga
Gje
rald
& Å
se
Hel
ene
Bakk
evig
D
agsl
and
Dor
othe
e Bo
hn &
Ceci
lia D
e Be
rnar
diJa
rkko
Saa
rine
n &
Out
i Kul
usjä
rvi
Hog
ne Ø
ian
&
Mon
ika
A. B
reib
y
09.5
010
.10
Enco
unte
ring
to
uris
ts a
nd c
oun-
teri
ng to
uris
m. B
y G
uðrú
n H
elga
dotti
r, G
uðrú
n Þ.
Gun
nars
-do
ttir &
Geo
rget
te
L. B
urns
Vers
atile
tour
ists
: A
case
stu
dy o
f N
orw
egia
n vi
sito
rs
to S
pain
. By
Lei
f Sel
stad
Tour
ists
’ per
cept
ions
of
peop
le d
ensi
ty in
cru
ise
port
s.
By Je
ns K
r. S.
Jaco
bsen
, Nin
a M
. Ive
rsen
& L
eif E
. Hem
The
med
iatiz
ed
tour
ism
city
und
er
terr
or: D
ilem
mas
and
st
rate
gies
for
dest
ina-
tion
man
agem
ent o
r-ga
nisa
tions
. By
Ceci
lia
Cass
inge
r, Jö
rgen
Eks
ell,
Mar
ia M
ånss
on, O
la
Thuf
vess
on
Psyc
hoso
cial
wor
k en
viro
nmen
t in
serv
ice
indu
stri
es.
By O
lga
Gje
rald
&
Trud
e Fu
rune
s
Tour
ism
str
ateg
ies
for
all?
By
Anu
Har
ju-
Myl
lyah
o, S
alla
Jutil
a &
M
aria
Hak
kara
inen
Mod
els
for
tran
sfor
min
g pe
riph
eral
tour
ism
de
stin
atio
ns.
By P
eter
Bjö
rk
Envi
ronm
enta
l Kn
owle
dge
in
entr
epre
neur
ial A
rctic
to
uris
m.
By M
ark
McK
ee
10.1
010
.30
Med
iate
d pl
ace
enco
unte
rs: A
pla
ce
for
me
and
a pl
ace
for
you?
By
Trin
e Kv
idal
-Røv
ik
Wor
ldin
g to
ur-
ism
: res
pons
ible
/re
spon
se-a
ble
rese
arch
pra
ctic
es.
By K
atrín
A. L
und
&
Gun
nar T
. Jóh
anne
s-so
n
The
birt
h of
a to
uris
m
natio
n.
By Ji
nghu
a Xi
e &
Si
gbjø
rn L
. Tve
terå
s
Smar
t city
tour
ist
segm
enta
tion:
How
ca
n as
pect
s of
he
rita
ge e
xper
ienc
e be
use
d in
city
tour
ist
segm
enta
tion?
By
Gör
an A
nder
sson
Visi
tor
expe
rien
ces
and
opin
ions
on
serv
ices
at
Alva
r Aa
lto’s
Expe
rim
enta
l Hou
se.
By A
nne-
Mai
ja
Mal
mis
alo-
Lens
u
The
role
of w
orkf
orce
an
d la
bour
in N
ordi
c to
uris
m s
trat
egie
s.
By D
orot
hee
Bohn
&
Ceci
lia D
e Be
rnar
di
Ove
rtou
rism
and
su
stai
nabi
lity
for
loca
l co
mm
uniti
es.
By T
onje
Kva
m &
An
ne W
. Rya
n
Reso
urce
s fo
r na
ture
-bas
ed to
uris
m
prod
ucts
. By
Knu
t Fo
ssga
rd &
St
ian
Sten
slan
d
10.3
010
.50
Hum
an-a
nim
al
enco
unte
rs in
Nor
-di
c to
uris
m:
A st
udy
of
user
-gen
erat
ed
cont
ent i
n so
cial
m
edia
. By
Jose
C.G
. Ro
sell,
Min
ni H
aan-
pää
& D
omin
ika
Klos
An e
asy
plac
e of
ba
lanc
e. A
daw
ning
sk
i tou
ring
de
stin
atio
n in
Fi
nnm
ark,
Nor
ther
n N
orw
ay: A
pla
ce o
f ba
lanc
e.
By Ju
ne A
. Røs
bø
3. T
rans
natio
nal m
igra
tions
an
d pr
ecar
ious
labo
ur in
th
e to
uris
m in
dust
ry in
the
Nor
weg
ian
Hig
h N
orth
/Arc
-tic
: Com
pari
ng S
valb
ard
and
Sør-
Vara
nger
. By
Aile
en A
. Esp
iritu
City
tour
ism
and
loca
l co
mm
unity
: The
po
wer
to e
ngag
e pe
ople
aro
und
cultu
ral h
erita
ge a
t th
e m
useu
m. T
he c
ase
stud
y of
the
Mar
itim
e M
useu
m o
f Bar
celo
na.
By M
ònic
a M
olin
a
Choo
sing
voc
atio
nal
educ
atio
n fo
r w
ork
in
the
hosp
italit
y se
ctor
: A
thre
e-w
ave
long
itudi
nal
stud
y of
15-
16 y
ear
old
pupi
ls.
By Å
se H
elen
e B.
D
agsl
and
& R
eida
r J.
Myk
letu
n
Enco
urag
ing
colla
bora
tive
cons
erva
-tio
n th
roug
h in
crea
sed
seco
nd h
omeo
wne
r en
gage
men
t: A
case
st
udy
in S
aare
maa
Is
land
, Est
onia
. By
Jana
R. C
ottr
ell
Build
ing
a su
stai
nabl
e to
uris
m b
rand
in th
e pe
riph
ery:
Exp
eri-
ence
s fr
om th
e Sl
ow
Adve
ntur
e in
the
Nor
ther
n Te
rrito
ries
(S
AIN
T) p
roje
ct. B
y D
anie
l Lav
en, T
atia
na
Chek
alin
a, L
usin
e M
arga
ryan
, Pet
er
Varle
y &
Ste
ve T
aylo
r
10.5
011
.10
Wel
com
e to
you
r fin
est n
atur
e: T
he
tour
istic
dis
cour
se
on n
atur
e in
in
form
atio
n m
ater
ials
abo
ut
Swed
ish
natio
nal
park
s. B
y Em
elie
Fä
lton
& Jo
han
Hed
rén
Wha
t can
dog
s te
ach
us a
bout
tour
istic
w
orld
mak
ing?
By
Bry
nhild
Gra
nås
Beyo
nd th
e Re
d Sq
uare
: The
Red
O
ctob
er d
istr
ict a
s an
em
ergi
ng p
ost-
indu
stri
al to
uris
t site
, cr
eativ
e cl
uste
r an
d a
glob
al v
illag
e sh
ow-
case
. By
Per S
tröm
berg
&
Ser
gey
Ilkev
ich
Build
ing-
up s
ervi
ce-
driv
en m
arke
t or
ient
atio
n ca
se o
f HI
host
els
in Ic
elan
d.
By M
agnú
s Ás
geirs
son
Pro-
poor
tour
ism
de
stin
atio
n de
velo
p-m
ent a
nd p
rosp
ects
for
pove
rty
redu
ctio
n: A
st
udy
of W
li, G
hana
. By
Ken
nedy
Akr
ong
Sust
aina
bilit
y on
na
ture
-bas
ed g
uide
d to
urs:
A q
uest
for
a su
stai
nabl
e pa
th.
By A
xel R
osen
berg
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20
PARA
LLEL
SES
SIO
NS
IV, 1
235-
1355
- W
EDN
ESD
AY 2
6 SE
PTEM
BER
ROO
M10
6810
87M
AGER
ØY
(A10
3)BR
ATTH
OLM
EN
(A10
5)SE
ILAN
D
(A20
3)LO
PPA
(A20
4)KU
LTU
RSAL
EN (E
102)
STJE
RNØ
YA
(A10
4)
Sess
ion:
2: T
ouri
sm
enco
unte
rs in
the
sub-
arct
ic N
orth
: Im
plic
atio
ns a
nd
dile
mm
as.
1: C
omin
g to
our
se
nses
in to
uris
m?
8: In
nova
tion
and
entr
epre
neur
ship
.
25/2
7: M
ariti
me
tour
-is
m: C
halle
nges
and
op
port
uniti
es
of c
ruis
ing.
9: H
uman
fact
ors
in th
e to
uris
m a
nd h
ospi
talit
y se
rvic
es.
3. C
ity to
uris
m:
Dile
mm
as a
nd
impl
icat
ions
in
dest
inat
ion
deve
lopm
ent.
22: T
rans
form
ing
dest
inat
ions
: Tou
rism
dy
nam
ics,
go
vern
ance
and
lo
calit
ies
in c
hang
e.
10: S
usta
inab
le
expe
rien
ces
in
tour
ism
.
Chai
r:Be
ate
Burs
ta,
Trin
e Kv
idal
-Røv
ik,
Kjel
l Ols
en &
Out
i Ra
ntal
a
Mad
s Bø
dker
& A
na
Mar
ia M
unar
Pete
r Fi
sche
rH
in H
eem
stra
, Pet
er
Hau
gset
h &
Urb
an
Wrå
kber
g
Olg
a G
jera
ld &
Åse
H
elen
e Ba
kkev
ig
Dag
slan
dG
öran
And
erss
onJa
rkko
Saa
rine
n &
O
uti K
ulus
järv
iH
ogne
Øia
n &
M
onik
a A.
Bre
iby
12.3
512
.55
“Wal
k th
e lin
e”:
seas
onal
ity a
nd
bord
er c
ross
ings
at
Arc
tic C
ircl
e la
ndm
arks
: An
ethn
ogra
phic
st
udy
of to
uris
ts’
prac
tices
– c
ase
Rova
niem
i. By
Alix
Va
rnaj
ot
Gui
ding
with
bod
y an
d m
ind
thro
ugh
soun
dsca
pes
of
Arct
ic n
atur
e.
By E
llen
J. Kv
alsv
ik
The
elus
ive
inno
vatio
n ac
tiv-
ity in
tour
ism
. By
Ole
Ber
gese
n, S
igbj
ørn
Tvet
eraa
s &
Jing
hua
Xie
Dev
elop
men
t of
ocea
n cr
uisi
ng in
the
Peop
le’s
Repu
blic
of
Chin
a.
By V
éron
ique
Mon
dou
The
effec
ts o
f lea
der-
ship
sty
le o
n re
stau
rant
em
ploy
ees’
com
mitm
ent t
o se
rvic
e qu
ality
. By
Kla
es E
ringa
&
Mar
ijke
Nic
olai
Resp
onsi
ble
tour
ism
de
velo
pmen
t in
Nor
ther
n N
orw
ay: A
st
udy
of th
e pr
oces
s of
mak
ing
the
city
of
Trom
sø a
sus
tain
able
de
stin
atio
n.
By K
ristin
Lin
dqui
st
Colla
bora
tion
and
soci
al c
apita
l in
rura
l ar
eas:
Tou
rism
as
driv
ing
forc
e fo
r re
sil-
ienc
e.
By C
ecili
a de
Ber
nard
i
Colla
bora
tive
deve
lopm
ent o
f su
stai
nabi
lity
at th
e de
stin
atio
n le
vel.
By K
aarin
a Te
rvo-
Kank
are
12.5
513
.15
Impl
icat
ions
and
di
lem
mas
: Off
erin
g si
tes
and
the
land
-sc
ape:
On
traffi
c-
and
othe
r re
latio
ns
in C
ircu
mpo
lar
Euro
pe.
By K
jell
Ols
en
Des
igni
ng s
ensi
tive
natu
re to
uris
m
arch
itect
ure.
By
Miia
Mäk
inen
&
Out
i Ran
tala
New
dir
ectio
ns fo
r en
trep
rene
urs
with
in n
atur
e ba
sed
busi
ness
: The
ob
stac
les
and
poss
ibili
ties
with
tour
ism
. By
Ann
a Sö
rens
son,
Ann
ika
Caw
thor
n &
Mar
ia B
ogre
n
Are
we
so v
ery
diff
eren
t? C
oncl
usio
ns
of a
Nor
th/S
outh
in
vest
igat
ion
into
the
rece
ivin
g of
cru
ise
ship
s. B
y Tr
acy
Har
kiso
n, Þ
órný
Ba
rðad
óttir
Reap
prai
sal:
A be
nefic
ial e
mot
ion
regu
latio
n st
rate
gy
whe
n fa
cing
job
stre
ssor
s? A
stu
dy o
f ho
tel m
anag
ers’
wel
l-be
ing.
By
Anni
e H
aver
, Es
pen
Ols
en &
Kris
tin
Aker
jord
et
The
role
of M
ICE
in th
e ev
olut
ion
of d
estin
a-tio
ns: F
rom
off
erin
g pl
aces
to g
loba
l go
vern
ance
str
ateg
ies.
By
Hél
ène
Péba
rthe
-D
ésiré
Gui
ded
tour
s an
d em
otio
nal d
esig
n in
U
NES
CO W
orld
H
erita
ge s
ites:
The
ca
se o
f Suo
men
lin-
na F
ortr
ess.
By
Oon
a Si
mol
in
13.1
513
.35
Nor
weg
ian
Scen
ic
Rout
es a
nd lo
cal
influ
ence
: Co
llabo
ratio
n or
co
nsen
t?
By B
eate
Bur
sta
Perc
eptio
n of
the
Arct
ic: W
inte
r re
crea
tion
and
plac
e at
tach
men
t on
Sval
bard
. By
Dor
a B
Aam
ot
Enga
ge o
r av
oid?
How
do
hote
l ow
ners
rel
ate
to a
nd
inte
ract
with
loca
l act
ors
in
rura
l Nor
way
? By
Agn
es B
rudv
ik E
nges
et &
Ka
rolin
e D
augs
tad
Crui
sing
tour
ism
as
a pa
th to
a s
usta
inab
le
futu
re?
The
ethn
ogra
phic
cas
e of
a
new
cru
isin
g qu
ay
on G
otla
nd, S
wed
en.
By U
lrika
Per
sson
-Fi
schi
er
Asym
met
ric
effec
ts o
f st
aff m
ism
atch
on
long
ru
n te
chni
cal e
ffici
ency
: A
Baye
sian
app
roac
h.
By F
ikru
Ale
may
ehu
&
Sigb
jørn
Tve
terå
s
Loca
l tou
rism
age
ncy
in
dest
inat
ion
chan
ge: A
po
stst
ruct
ural
pol
itica
l ec
onom
ic v
iew
. By
Out
i Kul
usjä
rvi
Sust
aina
bilit
y an
d ex
peri
entia
l val
ues
on to
uris
m d
estin
a-tio
ns.
By M
onic
a A.
Bre
iby
13.3
513
.55
The
mus
eum
as
an
acto
r in
tour
ism
en
coun
ters
. By
Gyr
id Ø
yen
Evol
ving
nat
ure
base
d to
uris
m p
rodu
cts:
Kno
wl-
edge
dev
elop
men
t and
dr
ivin
g fo
rces
. By
Kris
tin L
øset
h
Beau
tiful
but
ex
pens
ive:
Pas
sen-
ger-
surv
ey a
t Aku
reyr
i ha
rbou
r, N
orth
ern
Icel
and.
By
Þór
ný B
arða
dótti
r
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21
PARA
LLEL
SES
SIO
NS
IV, 1
235-
1355
- W
EDN
ESD
AY 2
6 SE
PTEM
BER
ROO
M10
6810
87M
AGER
ØY
(A10
3)BR
ATTH
OLM
EN
(A10
5)SE
ILAN
D
(A20
3)LO
PPA
(A20
4)KU
LTU
RSAL
EN (E
102)
STJE
RNØ
YA
(A10
4)
Sess
ion:
2: T
ouri
sm
enco
unte
rs in
the
sub-
arct
ic N
orth
: Im
plic
atio
ns a
nd
dile
mm
as.
1: C
omin
g to
our
se
nses
in to
uris
m?
8: In
nova
tion
and
entr
epre
neur
ship
.
25/2
7: M
ariti
me
tour
-is
m: C
halle
nges
and
op
port
uniti
es
of c
ruis
ing.
9: H
uman
fact
ors
in th
e to
uris
m a
nd h
ospi
talit
y se
rvic
es.
3. C
ity to
uris
m:
Dile
mm
as a
nd
impl
icat
ions
in
dest
inat
ion
deve
lopm
ent.
22: T
rans
form
ing
dest
inat
ions
: Tou
rism
dy
nam
ics,
go
vern
ance
and
lo
calit
ies
in c
hang
e.
10: S
usta
inab
le
expe
rien
ces
in
tour
ism
.
Chai
r:Be
ate
Burs
ta,
Trin
e Kv
idal
-Røv
ik,
Kjel
l Ols
en &
Out
i Ra
ntal
a
Mad
s Bø
dker
& A
na
Mar
ia M
unar
Pete
r Fi
sche
rH
in H
eem
stra
, Pet
er
Hau
gset
h &
Urb
an
Wrå
kber
g
Olg
a G
jera
ld &
Åse
H
elen
e Ba
kkev
ig
Dag
slan
dG
öran
And
erss
onJa
rkko
Saa
rine
n &
O
uti K
ulus
järv
iH
ogne
Øia
n &
M
onik
a A.
Bre
iby
12.3
512
.55
“Wal
k th
e lin
e”:
seas
onal
ity a
nd
bord
er c
ross
ings
at
Arc
tic C
ircl
e la
ndm
arks
: An
ethn
ogra
phic
st
udy
of to
uris
ts’
prac
tices
– c
ase
Rova
niem
i. By
Alix
Va
rnaj
ot
Gui
ding
with
bod
y an
d m
ind
thro
ugh
soun
dsca
pes
of
Arct
ic n
atur
e.
By E
llen
J. Kv
alsv
ik
The
elus
ive
inno
vatio
n ac
tiv-
ity in
tour
ism
. By
Ole
Ber
gese
n, S
igbj
ørn
Tvet
eraa
s &
Jing
hua
Xie
Dev
elop
men
t of
ocea
n cr
uisi
ng in
the
Peop
le’s
Repu
blic
of
Chin
a.
By V
éron
ique
Mon
dou
The
effec
ts o
f lea
der-
ship
sty
le o
n re
stau
rant
em
ploy
ees’
com
mitm
ent t
o se
rvic
e qu
ality
. By
Kla
es E
ringa
&
Mar
ijke
Nic
olai
Resp
onsi
ble
tour
ism
de
velo
pmen
t in
Nor
ther
n N
orw
ay: A
st
udy
of th
e pr
oces
s of
mak
ing
the
city
of
Trom
sø a
sus
tain
able
de
stin
atio
n.
By K
ristin
Lin
dqui
st
Colla
bora
tion
and
soci
al c
apita
l in
rura
l ar
eas:
Tou
rism
as
driv
ing
forc
e fo
r re
sil-
ienc
e.
By C
ecili
a de
Ber
nard
i
Colla
bora
tive
deve
lopm
ent o
f su
stai
nabi
lity
at th
e de
stin
atio
n le
vel.
By K
aarin
a Te
rvo-
Kank
are
12.5
513
.15
Impl
icat
ions
and
di
lem
mas
: Off
erin
g si
tes
and
the
land
-sc
ape:
On
traffi
c-
and
othe
r re
latio
ns
in C
ircu
mpo
lar
Euro
pe.
By K
jell
Ols
en
Des
igni
ng s
ensi
tive
natu
re to
uris
m
arch
itect
ure.
By
Miia
Mäk
inen
&
Out
i Ran
tala
New
dir
ectio
ns fo
r en
trep
rene
urs
with
in n
atur
e ba
sed
busi
ness
: The
ob
stac
les
and
poss
ibili
ties
with
tour
ism
. By
Ann
a Sö
rens
son,
Ann
ika
Caw
thor
n &
Mar
ia B
ogre
n
Are
we
so v
ery
diff
eren
t? C
oncl
usio
ns
of a
Nor
th/S
outh
in
vest
igat
ion
into
the
rece
ivin
g of
cru
ise
ship
s. B
y Tr
acy
Har
kiso
n, Þ
órný
Ba
rðad
óttir
Reap
prai
sal:
A be
nefic
ial e
mot
ion
regu
latio
n st
rate
gy
whe
n fa
cing
job
stre
ssor
s? A
stu
dy o
f ho
tel m
anag
ers’
wel
l-be
ing.
By
Anni
e H
aver
, Es
pen
Ols
en &
Kris
tin
Aker
jord
et
The
role
of M
ICE
in th
e ev
olut
ion
of d
estin
a-tio
ns: F
rom
off
erin
g pl
aces
to g
loba
l go
vern
ance
str
ateg
ies.
By
Hél
ène
Péba
rthe
-D
ésiré
Gui
ded
tour
s an
d em
otio
nal d
esig
n in
U
NES
CO W
orld
H
erita
ge s
ites:
The
ca
se o
f Suo
men
lin-
na F
ortr
ess.
By
Oon
a Si
mol
in
13.1
513
.35
Nor
weg
ian
Scen
ic
Rout
es a
nd lo
cal
influ
ence
: Co
llabo
ratio
n or
co
nsen
t?
By B
eate
Bur
sta
Perc
eptio
n of
the
Arct
ic: W
inte
r re
crea
tion
and
plac
e at
tach
men
t on
Sval
bard
. By
Dor
a B
Aam
ot
Enga
ge o
r av
oid?
How
do
hote
l ow
ners
rel
ate
to a
nd
inte
ract
with
loca
l act
ors
in
rura
l Nor
way
? By
Agn
es B
rudv
ik E
nges
et &
Ka
rolin
e D
augs
tad
Crui
sing
tour
ism
as
a pa
th to
a s
usta
inab
le
futu
re?
The
ethn
ogra
phic
cas
e of
a
new
cru
isin
g qu
ay
on G
otla
nd, S
wed
en.
By U
lrika
Per
sson
-Fi
schi
er
Asym
met
ric
effec
ts o
f st
aff m
ism
atch
on
long
ru
n te
chni
cal e
ffici
ency
: A
Baye
sian
app
roac
h.
By F
ikru
Ale
may
ehu
&
Sigb
jørn
Tve
terå
s
Loca
l tou
rism
age
ncy
in
dest
inat
ion
chan
ge: A
po
stst
ruct
ural
pol
itica
l ec
onom
ic v
iew
. By
Out
i Kul
usjä
rvi
Sust
aina
bilit
y an
d ex
peri
entia
l val
ues
on to
uris
m d
estin
a-tio
ns.
By M
onic
a A.
Bre
iby
13.3
513
.55
The
mus
eum
as
an
acto
r in
tour
ism
en
coun
ters
. By
Gyr
id Ø
yen
Evol
ving
nat
ure
base
d to
uris
m p
rodu
cts:
Kno
wl-
edge
dev
elop
men
t and
dr
ivin
g fo
rces
. By
Kris
tin L
øset
h
Beau
tiful
but
ex
pens
ive:
Pas
sen-
ger-
surv
ey a
t Aku
reyr
i ha
rbou
r, N
orth
ern
Icel
and.
By
Þór
ný B
arða
dótti
r
PARA
LLEL
SES
SIO
NS
V, 1
415-
1535
- W
EDN
ESD
AY 2
6 SE
PTEM
BER
ROO
M10
6810
87M
AGER
ØY
(A10
3)BR
ATTH
OLM
EN
(A10
5)SE
ILAN
D
(A20
3)LO
PPA
(A20
4)KU
LTU
RSAL
EN (E
102)
STJE
RNØ
YA
(A10
4)
Sess
ion:
29: A
dvan
cem
ents
in
eve
nt
man
agem
ent.
22: T
rans
form
-in
g de
stin
atio
ns:
Tour
ism
dyn
amic
s,
gove
rnan
ce a
nd
loca
litie
s in
cha
nge.
8: In
nova
tion
and
entr
epre
neur
ship
.
28: T
ouri
sm
dim
ensi
on o
f wat
er
sust
aina
bilit
y.
4: Im
plic
atio
ns o
f the
ci
rcul
ar a
nd s
hari
ng
econ
omy
in to
uris
m.
16: T
ouri
sm e
duca
tion
and
prov
isio
n of
co
mpe
tenc
e.
23: I
ndig
enou
s en
tre-
pren
eurs
hip,
in
dige
nous
kno
wle
dge
and
tour
ism
.
14: W
ildlif
e to
uris
m.
Chai
r:To
mm
y D
. An-
ders
son
& Jo
hn
Arm
brec
ht
Jark
ko S
aari
nen
&
Out
i Kul
usjä
rvi
Pete
r Fi
sche
rSt
ina
Alri
ksso
n, M
ari-
anna
Str
zele
cka
&
C. M
icha
el H
all
Jesp
er M
anni
che,
Rik
ke
Bran
dt B
roeg
aard
&
Evgu
eni V
inog
rado
v
Gus
tav
Onn
&
Kajs
a G
. Åbe
rg
Vigd
is N
ygaa
rd, B
rynh
ild
Gra
nås,
Tri
ne
Kvid
al-R
øvik
, Kje
ll O
lsen
&Al
bina
Pas
hkev
ich
Stia
n St
ensl
and,
Dav
id
A. F
enne
ll &
N
ikol
ine
Dyb
sand
14.1
514
.35
Fest
ival
ent
husi
-as
ts: C
hara
cter
is-
tics
of fr
eque
nt
atte
ndee
s at
rh
ythm
mus
ic
fest
ival
s in
Fin
land
. By
Maa
rit K
innu
nen
& M
ervi
Luo
nila
Inte
rpre
tatio
n an
d ru
ral t
ouri
sm
com
mun
ity
deve
lopm
ent.
By
Jess
ica
Aqui
no &
An
na V
. Ein
arsd
óttir
Com
mod
ifyin
g ou
tdoo
r re
crea
tion
in th
e na
ture
-bas
ed to
uris
m
dom
ain:
Insi
ghts
from
a
Del
phi s
urve
y.
By P
eter
Fre
dman
Wat
er-s
carc
ity a
nd
lodg
ing
indu
stry
in
Mug
a ba
sin
(Gir
ona,
Sp
ain)
: Per
cept
ion,
pr
oble
ms
and
actio
ns.
By M
aria
Tor
res-
Bagu
r, Jo
sep
Vila
Sub
irós,
An
na R
ibas
Pal
om
Tour
ism
in th
e ci
rcul
ar
econ
omy.
By
Jørg
en O
. Bæ
renh
oldt
&
Fle
mm
ing
Søre
nsen
Dig
ital c
ompe
tenc
y de
velo
pmen
t am
ong
tour
ism
ent
erpr
ises
: Ex
peri
ence
s fr
om D
en-
mar
k.
By Id
a M
arie
V.
And
erse
n
Are
we
ther
e ye
t?
Indi
geno
us to
uris
m
and
the
man
oeuv
ring
in
a te
rrai
n of
tens
ion.
By
Trin
e Kv
idal
-Røv
ik
Evol
utio
n in
tour
ism
pu
blic
sec
tor
polic
y:
Tow
ard
an e
thic
for
non-
hum
an a
nim
als.
By
Dav
id A
. Fen
nell
&
Vale
rie A
. She
ppar
d
14.3
514
.55
The
Nor
th S
ea
Race
in a
hea
lth
pers
pect
ive:
The
re
latio
nshi
p be
twee
n pa
rtic
-ip
ants
’ wee
kly
trai
ning
hou
rs a
nd
mot
ivat
ion.
By
Reid
ar J
Myk
letu
n
DM
O: H
ow to
ba
lanc
e th
e di
ffer
-en
t sha
reho
lder
’s in
tere
sts
and
crea
te
a co
mm
on g
oal?
By
Hel
ene
K. T
olst
ad
Expe
rien
tizat
ion
of m
icro
an
d sm
all b
usin
esse
s:
Addi
ng v
alue
by
inte
grat
ing
expe
rien
ces.
By
Mor
ten
Boes
en
Miti
gatin
g w
ater
sh
orta
ge im
pact
s:
Wat
er c
onsu
mp-
tion
and
sect
oral
ad
apta
tions
am
ong
tour
ism
and
farm
ing
ente
rpri
ses
in Ö
land
, So
uth
East
Sw
eden
. By
Chris
ter F
ogha
gen
The
circ
ular
eco
nom
y an
d tr
ansf
orm
ativ
e to
uris
m.
By Je
sper
Man
nich
e,
Karin
Top
sø L
arse
n &
Ri
kke
Bran
dt B
roeg
aard
Exam
inin
g to
uris
m a
nd
hosp
italit
y st
uden
ts’
bach
elor
thes
es.
By
Åsa
Gra
hn &
O
lga
Gje
rald
Asse
ssm
ent o
f in
dige
nous
ent
repr
e-ne
ursh
ip in
tour
ism
se
ctor
: A c
ase
stud
y of
Bh
anda
rdar
a- K
alsu
bai
Wild
life
Sanc
tuar
y. B
y Ra
vind
ra Ja
ybha
ye &
Pr
avee
n Sa
ptar
shi
The
influ
ence
of
assu
med
con
sequ
ence
s an
d so
cial
nor
ms
on
bird
ing
tour
ist
beha
viou
r. B
y St
ian
Sten
slan
d, Ø
yste
in A
as &
M
ehm
et M
ehm
etog
lu
14.5
515
.15
Don
’t ha
ve to
do
it:
Just
dre
am it
. By
Tom
my
Ande
rsso
n &
John
Arm
brec
ht
Terr
oris
m a
nd
effec
ts o
n to
uris
m.
By C
hris
ter E
ldh
The
valu
e of
incr
emen
tal
and
limin
al in
nova
tions
for
lear
ning
tour
ism
de
stin
atio
ns.
By P
eter
Fis
cher
In h
ot w
ater
: The
cas
e of
Arc
tic c
har
in to
uris
m.
By G
uðrú
n H
elga
dótti
r
Shar
ing
econ
omy
in
Nor
weg
ian
urba
n to
uris
m: S
usta
inab
le
impa
cts?
By
Irat
xe L
anda
M
ata
& E
ivin
d Fa
rsta
d
Intr
oduc
ing
expe
ri-
ence
-bas
ed e
duca
tion
met
hods
in to
uris
m
stud
ies
curr
icul
um:
Case
stu
dy o
f Vid
zem
e U
nive
rsity
of A
pplie
d Sc
ienc
es, L
atvi
a. B
y Iv
eta
D. D
ruva
skal
ne, I
lze
Grin
feld
e &
Lin
da V
eliv
erro
nena
Two-
eyed
see
ing:
An
inte
grat
ive
co-le
arni
ng
proc
ess.
By
Ann
e W
. Rya
n
Wild
life
tour
ists
’ re-
actio
ns to
not
see
ing
the
anim
al th
ey w
ould
lik
e to
see
: Pol
ar b
ear
tour
ism
as
a ca
se s
tudy
. By
Nik
olin
e H
ambr
o D
ybsa
nd
14.1
515
.35
Even
t sta
rt-u
ps a
s ca
taly
sts
for
plac
e,
spor
t and
tour
ism
de
velo
pmen
t: M
omen
t sca
pes
and
geog
raph
ical
co
nsid
erat
ions
. By
Kar
i Jæ
ger
Co-h
abita
tion:
to
uris
m a
nd o
ther
se
ctor
s th
e W
est
Fjor
ds, I
cela
nd.
By E
lva
B. E
inar
sdót
tir
Wha
t fac
tors
det
er-
min
e gu
ests
’ wat
er
savi
ng b
ehav
iour
at
hote
ls th
at a
pply
wa-
ter-
savi
ng m
easu
res?
By
Aria
dna
G.
Mal
lorq
uí, X
avie
r G
arci
a, R
osa
M.
Frag
uell
& A
nna
R.
Palo
m
The
adop
tion
and
deve
lopm
ent o
f Air
bnb
serv
ices
in N
orw
ay: A
re
gion
al p
ersp
ectiv
e.
By E
vgue
ni V
inog
rado
v &
Ab
bas
Strø
mm
en-
Bakh
tiar
Real
pro
blem
s –
real
co
mpe
tenc
e? D
oes
usin
g re
al li
fe b
usin
ess
chal
leng
es le
ad to
bet
ter
com
pete
nce
with
in h
igh-
er e
duca
tion:
Cas
e st
udy
of a
ttra
ctio
n de
velo
p-m
ent c
ours
e in
Sto
ck-
holm
sou
ther
n ar
chip
el-
ago.
By
Gus
taf O
nn
Supp
ortin
g to
uris
m
entr
epre
neur
ship
in
Ssm
i are
as: F
inan
cial
an
d po
litic
al in
stru
-m
ents
in N
orw
ay a
nd
Swed
en.
By V
igdi
s N
ygaa
rd,
Albi
na P
ashk
evic
h &
Li
ne M
athi
sen
Sust
aina
ble
fishi
ng
prac
tice:
Ass
essi
ng th
e pr
esen
ce a
nd q
ualit
y of
ca
tch-
and-
rele
ase
(C&
R)
guid
elin
es o
n to
uris
m
oper
ator
s’ w
ebsi
tes.
By
Pat
rik R
önnb
äck,
M
algo
rzat
aBl
icha
rska
, Sam
Bly
th,
Jody
and
oko
& G
öran
Sund
blad
![Page 22: TOURISM IMPLICATIONS AND DILEMMAS1537365065000/... · Bente Haug, Arvid Viken, Britt Kramvig, Brynhild Granås, Trine Kvidal-Røvik and Bente Heimtun . 4 EMERGENCY SERVICES +47 78](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022053122/60a84e3dd8bff27e336e4540/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22
PARA
LLEL
SES
SIO
NS
VI, 1
550-
1710
- W
EDN
ESD
AY 2
6 SE
PTEM
BER
ROO
M10
87BR
ATTH
OLM
EN
(A10
5)SE
ILAN
D
(A20
3)LO
PPA
(A20
4)KU
LTU
RSAL
EN (E
102)
STJE
RNØ
YA
(A10
4)
Sess
ion:
22: T
rans
form
ing
dest
ina-
tions
: Tou
rism
dyn
amic
s,
gove
rnan
ce a
nd lo
calit
ies
in
chan
ge.
28: T
ouri
sm d
imen
sion
of w
ater
su
stai
nabi
lity.
33: F
ilm a
nd m
edia
in
tour
ism
.15
: Saf
ety
and
lead
ersh
ip.
23: I
ndig
enou
s en
tre-
pren
eurs
hip,
indi
geno
us
know
ledg
e an
d to
uris
m.
14: W
ildlif
e to
uris
m.
Chai
r:Ja
rkko
Saa
rine
n &
Out
i Ku
lusj
ärvi
Stin
a Al
riks
son,
Mar
iann
a St
rzel
ecka
&
C. M
icha
el H
all
Elin
Joha
nsen
& S
tine
Sand
Arild
Røk
enes
Vigd
is N
ygaa
rd, B
rynh
ild
Gra
nås,
Tri
ne K
vida
l-Røv
ik,
Kjel
l Ols
en &
Alb
ina
Pash
kevi
ch
Stia
n St
ensl
and,
Dav
id A
. Fen
nell
& N
ikol
ine
Dyb
sand
15.5
016
.10
GO
And
øy. G
over
ning
to
uris
m a
nd c
omm
unity
tr
ansi
tion.
By
Ann
iken
Før
de
The
wat
er-e
nerg
y ne
xus
in
hote
ls a
nd r
ecre
atio
nal a
ctiv
ities
of
Ben
idor
m, S
pain
. By
Hye
rim Y
oon
& D
avid
Sau
ri
The
valu
e of
trav
el
guid
eboo
ks in
the
digi
tal
age.
By
Mic
ol M
ieli
The
deve
lopm
ent o
f a
risk
man
agem
ent
syst
em fo
r na
ture
-bas
ed
tour
ism
in N
orw
ay.
By A
rild
Røke
nes
From
rei
ndee
r he
rder
to
tour
ism
en
trep
rene
ur?
Refle
ctio
ns a
nd le
sson
s le
arnt
from
Sw
edis
h ca
se S
tudi
es.
By D
iete
r Mül
ler
Scie
nce
tour
ism
as
a fo
rm o
f w
ildlif
e to
uris
m.
By Ju
ulia
Rä
ikkö
nen,
Miia
Gré
nman
&
Ilar
i Sää
ksjä
rvi
16.1
016
.30
Des
tinat
ion
com
mun
ities
, re
silie
nce
and
sust
aina
bilit
y: G
over
ning
lo
calit
ies
in c
hang
e.
By Ja
rkko
Saa
rinen
Toile
ts a
nd to
uris
m: A
cri
tical
yet
hi
dden
asp
ect o
f the
tour
ism
env
i-ro
nmen
t. By
C. M
icha
el H
all
The
effec
ts o
f soc
ial m
edia
m
arke
ting
impl
emen
tatio
n on
mar
ketin
g pr
actic
es in
SM
TEs.
By
Hen
rik V
irtan
en &
Pe
ter B
jörk
Bein
g ra
ised
in th
e ou
tdoo
rs m
akes
a
diff
eren
ce w
hen
a ni
ce
mou
ntai
n hi
ke b
ecom
es
a di
fficu
lt on
e. B
y Re
idar
J.M
ykle
tun,
Pet
er F
.Om
a &
Ø
yste
in A
as
Perf
orm
ing
spac
es fo
r cr
eativ
ity a
nd in
nova
tion:
En
trep
rene
ursh
ip in
Sam
i To
uris
m.
By B
rynh
ild G
ranå
s &
Li
ne M
athi
sen
Dis
enga
gem
ent,
ambi
guity
and
is
olat
ion
in w
ildlif
e co
nser
vatio
n.
By A
dria
na B
udea
nu
16.3
016
.50
Tour
ism
dim
ensi
on o
f wat
er s
us-
tain
abili
ty: A
th
emat
ic r
evie
w.
By C
. Mic
hael
Hal
l &
Mar
iann
a St
rzel
ecka
The
poss
ibili
ties
of 3
60-v
id-
eos
in m
arke
ting
of a
nat
ure
tour
ism
des
tinat
ion.
By
Jenn
i Mik
kone
n, K
atja
Pa
sane
n, H
enna
Kon
u, Ju
ho
Peso
nen
Rese
arch
ers
as s
parr
ing
part
ners
: Im
port
ance
of
dial
ogue
-bas
ed m
etho
d in
con
junc
tion
with
Sam
i en
trep
rene
urs.
By
Siv
Mer
ethe
Sar
a
16.5
017
.10
Tour
ism
in m
inin
g ar
eas
of N
orth
ern
Swed
en:
Land
of p
ossi
bilit
ies
or
cont
inuo
us s
trug
gle?
By
Alb
ina
Pash
kevi
ch
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23
SYM
POSI
UM
PA
RTIC
IPA
NTS
Aam
ot, D
ora
B.
Abba
sian
, Sae
id
Akro
ng, K
enne
dy
Algo
tson
, Stin
a
Alri
ksso
n, S
tina
Álva
rez
Cast
añed
a, A
ndré
s
Ande
rsen
, Ida
Mar
ie V
isbe
ch
Ande
rsso
n Ce
derh
olm
, Eri
ka
Ande
rsso
n, G
öran
Ande
rsso
n, T
omm
y
Anth
onse
n Rø
sbø,
June
Aqui
no, J
essi
ca
Arm
brec
ht, J
ohn
Aro,
Kai
sa
Ásge
irss
on, M
agnú
s
Barð
adót
tir, Þ
órný
Ben
Ali,
Amir
a
Björ
k, P
eter
Bjør
kli,
Hild
e
Blic
hfel
dt, B
odil
Blum
enth
al, V
eron
ica
Boes
en, M
orte
n
Bohn
, Dor
othe
e
Brau
nerh
ielm
, Lot
ta
Nam
eO
rgan
izat
ion
E-m
ail
UiT
The
Arc
tic U
nive
rsity
of N
orw
ay
Söde
rtör
n U
nive
rsity
Uni
vers
ity o
f Lap
land
Besö
ksnä
ringe
ns F
oU fo
nd
Linn
aeus
Uni
vers
ity
Uni
vers
ity o
f the
Val
ley
of G
uate
mal
a
UCL
Uni
vers
ity C
olle
ge
Lund
Uni
vers
ity
Söde
rtör
n U
nive
rsity
Uni
vers
ity o
f Got
henb
urg
UiT
The
Arc
tic U
nive
rsity
of N
orw
ay
Hól
ar U
nive
rsity
Col
lege
Uni
vers
ity o
f Got
henb
urg
Uni
vers
ity o
f Tur
ku
Uni
vers
ity o
f Ice
land
Uni
vers
ity o
f Aku
reyr
i
Cope
nhag
en B
usin
ess S
choo
l
Han
ken
Scho
ol o
f Eco
nom
ics
Nor
ther
n N
orw
ay T
ouris
t Boa
rd
Uni
vers
ity o
f Sou
ther
n D
enm
ark
Uni
vers
ity o
f Sta
vang
er
Zeal
and
Inst
itute
of B
usin
ess a
nd T
echn
olog
y
Uni
vers
ity o
f Lap
land
Karls
tad
Uni
vers
ity
dora
.b.a
amot
@ui
t.no
saei
d.ab
basia
n@sh
.se
akro
ngkk
@gm
ail.c
om
stin
a@bf
uf.s
e
stin
a.al
rikss
on@
lnu.
se
aalv
arez
@uv
g.ed
u.gt
idav
@ea
l.dk
erik
a.an
ders
son_
cede
rhol
m@
ism.lu
.se
gora
n.an
ders
son@
sh.s
e
tom
my.
ande
rsso
n@ha
ndel
s.gu
.se
june
.a.ro
sbo@
uit.n
o
jess
ica@
hola
r.is
john
.arm
brec
ht@
hand
els.
gu.s
e
kaisa
.m.a
ro@
utu.
fi
mha
@hi
.is
thor
ny@
unak
.is
emira
bena
li@gm
ail.c
om
pete
r.bjo
rk@
hank
en.fi
hild
e@no
rdno
rge.
com
bsb@
sdu.
dk
vero
nica
.blu
men
thal
@ui
s.no
mob
o@ea
sj.dk
doro
thee
.boh
n@gm
ail.c
om
lotta
.bra
uner
hiel
m@
kau.
se
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24
Nam
eO
rgan
izat
ion
E-m
ail
Brei
by, M
onic
a Ad
ele
Broe
gaar
d, R
ikke
Bra
ndt
Bude
anu,
Adr
iana
Burs
ta, B
eate
Bødk
er, M
ads
Cabr
era,
Ast
rid
Mar
ia
Cava
gnar
o, E
lena
Dag
slan
d, Å
se H
elen
e Ba
kkev
ig
De
Bern
ardi
, Cec
ilia
Dem
irog
lu, C
enk
Dru
va-D
ruva
skal
ne, I
veta
Eger
, Cla
udia
Eina
rsdó
ttir
, Ann
a Vi
lbor
g
Eina
rsdó
ttir
, Elv
a Bj
örg
Ekeb
jär,
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25
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26
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27
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28
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