Tour of solar_system
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Transcript of Tour of solar_system
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Components of the Solar SystemIt was formed five thousand millions years ago from gas and dust of a nebula.
- A medium-sized star.
- Planets
- Dwarf planets
- Satellites
- Asteroids
- Comets
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The Sun The Sun is a huge sphere of gas. It is mostly made up of hydrogen
(74%) and helium (24%). It is 4,500 million years old It takes 8 minutes for its light to
reach the Earth. 98.6% mass of the Solar System.
• Radius: 695,000 km• Mass: 333,000 Earths! • Surface Temperature: 5,500 °C• Core Temperature: 15,500,000 °C
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THE PLANETS AND THEIR ORBITS
There are 8 planets in the Solar System that are classified into two groups: the inner or
terrestrial planets and the outer or gas giant planets.
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All the planets experience two different movements:
- Rotation on their own axis.- Revolution around the Sun where the planets describe closed paths, called orbits.
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Mercury Smallest planet and closest to
the Sun. No satellites. Lots of craters on its surface. It has no atmosphere so the
day and night temperatures vary widely; temperatures reach 450°C during the day and at night, the temperature drop to -170°C.
• It has a very long day due to its slow rotation, which is equal to 59 Earth days.
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Mercury Earth Size Comparison
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Venus Similar size and density to
Earth. No satellites. Atmosphere composed of
carbon dioxide and thick clouds of drops of sulphuric acid.
Surface temperatures are a constant 500°C, the highest surface temperature in the solar system.
Venus rotates in the opposite direction to other planets in the Solar System.
• One day in Venus lasts more than one Earth year
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Thick cloud atmosphere coveringVenus
Mountain ranges on Venus taken with Radar.
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EarthIt is the 5th planet in size of the Solar
System and the biggest of the inner planets.
Radius: 6,400 kmMass: 5.8 x 1024 kgTemperature: -80 to 60 °C, average
surface temperature is 15ºCDistance from Sun: 146 million km (1 AU)
Surface is 70% covered by water.Atmosphere is made up of oxygen (21%)
and nitrogen (78%).One natural satellite (the Moon)Over 2200 manmade satellites in orbit
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Mars Very similar to our planet; its
surface resembles the Earth´s rocky deserts.
Thin atmospheric layer with 95% carbon dioxide.
Surface temperatures are between 20ºC and -80ºC.
Has the highest mountain in the Solar System – the Olympus Mons Volcano (25km high, equal to 2.5 times the Everest).
• It has two small rocky satellites: Phobos and Deimos.
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Recent discoveries suggest the possibility of water in the surface of Mars, between 1.5 and 3%.
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Size comparison of the Inner Planet
As seen in the images, Venus and the Earth are quite similar in size.
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Asteroid Belt
• Located between Jupiter and Mars.
• Because the strong gravitational force of Jupiter they never merged to form a planet.
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Ceres – a dwarf planet in the belt of asteroids
Gaspro – a 400km-long asteroid
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Jupiter Gas giant made up of 90% hydrogen, 10% helium, with a rocky core.
It´s the biggest planet in the Solar System (mass is equal to 318 Earths)
Great Red Spot – a storm that is located in the southern part of the planet with a distinctive shape. It has 4 large satellites which were discoverded by
Galileo Galilei and 60 small ones.
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Time-lapse animation from Voyager I on approach to Jupiter.
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Io – The most volcanically active object in the Solar System.
Europa – ice-covered moon that may harbour life.
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Saturn
Gas giant made of 75% hydrogen, 25% helium, with a rocky core and liquid hydrogen mantle.
Second biggest planet in the solar system. It has a spectacular ring system that consists of 9
continuous rings made of ice, small rocks and dust particles. Has over 34 known moons, the biggest one called Titan. •
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Saturn’s Rings.
Mimas – a small moon of Saturn
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Uranus Gas giant composed
of hydrogen, helium and methane.
Has more than 25 satellites
It is very far from the Sun, so it is a frozen planet: surface temperature of -214°C
Coldest atmosphere in the Solar System.
It also has a ring system but it is not as big as Saturn´s .
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Neptune Furthest away planet
from the Sun. It is the planet with the fastest winds.
Gas giant made of hydrogen, helium and methane.
It is also a frozen planet, with very low surface temperatures, but the temperature inside Neptune is hot because it releases heat.
14 satellites, Triton is very large.
• Distance from Sun: 4500 million km (30 AU)
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Kuiper Belt
• 30 to 55 AU• Like the
asteroid belt but consisting of debris made of ices.
• Biggest bodies are Pluto and Eris.
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Pluto Downgraded from ‘planet’ to ‘dwarf planet’ in 2006
Smaller than the Moon Has 3 known satellites.
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