WW 2 AXIS POWERS TOTALITARIAN GOVERNMENTS Hitler Mussolini Hirohito Tojo.
Totalitarian Governments
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Transcript of Totalitarian Governments
Totalitarian Governments
Chapter 13 Sections 3-5
Fascism in ItalyChapter 13 Section 3
Dissatisfaction and Unrest
Allies promised Italy territory in WWI, did not get it
Crisis in Italy-
peasants revolted
high unemployment
government in chaos
Mussolini’s Rise to Power
Benito Mussolini
Organized fascist party
Rejected communism
Black Shirts
Combat squads
Rejected democratic process for violent action
1922 - March on Rome
King gets scared and asks Mussolini to form a government
Mussolini becomes Prime Minister of Italy
Mussolini’s RuleQuickly became dictator with support of Pope Pius XI
Critics thrown in prison
Secret police
Propaganda
Rigged elections
No free press
State control of the economy
High production
No rights
Low pay
Individual & the State
Loyalty to state over all else
“Believe! Obey! Fight!”
<14 children = medal from Mussolini
Brainwashing youth
“Mussolini is always right”
Produced strong army by 1930s
What is Fascism?Totalitarian state
One-party dictatorship controls everything
State over individual
Extreme nationalism
Antidemocratic
Violent
Not Communism-
communism is international, wants people to join
Fascism is national has class system, no “workers paradise”
Check for UnderstandingWhy would fascism appeal to people?
Appeal of FascismPromises:
Strong country
Stable government
End to political feuds
Sense of power
“He got the trains running on time”
Fueled by nationalism
The Soviet Union Under Stalin
Chapter 13 Section 4
Stalin’s Five-Year Plans
Aimed at :
Building heavy industry
Improving transportation
Increasing farm output
Government owned all businesses & resources
Command economy
Government made all economic decisions
Mixed Results in Industry
Met production levels
Low quality products
No incentives
Low standard of living
Collectivization in Agriculture
Collectives
State-owned farms
All equipment, animals, etc. turned over to government
Farmers rebelled
Killed animals, destroyed equipment, etc.
Stalin executed Kulaks (wealthy farmers) or sent to labor camps
Poor harvests and seizure of grain led to famine and widespread starvation
5-8 million die in Ukraine Terror Famine
Stalin’s Terror Tactics
Terror as a weapon
No freedom of speech or press
Constantly violated human rights
Opponents sent to Gulag (forced labor camps)
Great Purge 1934-1938
Stalin eliminates rivals, critics, opponents, etc.
Executes, tortures, exiles, sends to Gulags
4-10 million people killed by Stalin
Results of the Purge
Increased Stalin’s power
Eliminated military leaders, scientists, talented writers, etc.
Communist Attempts to
Control ThoughtPropaganda
Loudspeakers, billboards, posters, theater, etc.
Censorship
Soviet Realism
Portray Soviet Union in good terms
Russification
Elimination of all non-Russian culture
Everyone in Russia is Russian
Religion
Atheism is official religion
Belief in no god
Stalin’s Propaganda
Soviet Society Under Stalin
New Elite Takes Control
Elites replace nobles as ruling class
Not a society of equals as promised
Benefits & Drawbacks
All children attend school
Universal healthcare
Provided housing
Whole family in one room
Lack of adequate nutrition
Women in the Soviet Union
Equality
Soviet Foreign Policy
Spread of Communism worldwide
Damaged relations with Western nations
Red Scare in U.S.
End of relations with Britain in 1926
Hitler and the Rise of Nazi Germany
Chapter 13 Section 5
Weimar Republic1919 – German constitution
Led by a Chancellor
Prime Minister
Women had right to vote
Bill of Rights
Struggle and FallCountry looked for strong leadership
Blamed Jews for economic and political problems
Runaway inflation
Prices and income rose, money became worth nothing
100 marks (July 1922) = 944,000 marks (Aug 1923)
Struggle and FallForeign powers helped German economy stabilize
1929 – Great Depression hits U.S.
U.S. ceases aid to Germany
Germany economy collapses again
Citizens turn to strong leader for recovery
Adolf Hitler
Nazi Party’s Rise to Power
Germany must expand to gain living space
Inferior races must be swept away
Mein Kampf – My Struggle
Basis of Nazi ideology
Hitler promised:
End of reparations, Jobs, Rearm Germany
Believing they could control him, Conservatives sided with Hitler over Communist rivals
Hitler became dictator within 1 year
Hitler’s First Actions
Destroyed socialists and communists
Disbanded political parties
Purged Nazi party
Demanded unquestioning obedience
The Third Reich Controls Germany
Third Reich – Third German Empire
Germany Under Hitler
Gestapo – Secret police
Enforced Hitler’s will (SS - elites)
Ended unemployment
Revived German power
Nuremberg Laws
Severe restrictions on Jews
Night of Broken Glass - KristallnachtJewish boy shoots German diplomat in Paris
Hitler calls for attacks on Jews
Leads to formulation of “Final Solution”
Nazi YouthBrainwashed youth
Less rights to women
“Pure-blooded Aryan” women received rewards for having children
Purging German Culture
Denounced modern art
Corrupted by Jews
Condemned Jazz music
African roots
Despised Christianity
Burned Books