TORTORA • FUNKE • CASE...

Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

PowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation prepared by Christine L. Case

MicrobiologyB.E Pruitt & Jane J. Stein

AN INTRODUCTIONEIGHTH EDITION

TORTORA • FUNKE • CASE

Chapter 4, part AFunctional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and

Eukaryotic Cells


Prokaryote Eukaryote

• One circular chromosome, not in a membrane

• No histones• No organelles• Peptidoglycan cell

walls• Binary fission

• Paired chromosomes, in nuclear membrane

• Histones• Organelles• Polysaccharide cell

walls• Mitotic spindle


• Average size: 0.2 -1.0 µm × 2 - 8 µm• Basic shapes:


• Unusual shapes• Star-shaped Stella• Square Haloarcula

• Most bacteria are monomorphic• A few are pleomorphic

Figure 4.5


Glycocalyx

Figure 4.6a, b


Flagella

Figure 4.8


Flagella Arrangement

Figure 4.7


Axial Filaments

Figure 4.10a


Fimbriae and Cilia

Figure 4.11


Cell Wall

Figure 4.6a, b


Peptidoglycan

Figure 4.13a


Gram-positive cell walls Gram-negative cell walls

• Thick peptidoglycan• Teichoic acids• In acid-fast cells,

contains mycolicacid

• Thin peptidoglycan• No teichoic acids• Outer membrane


Gram-Positive cell walls

• Teichoic acids:• Lipoteichoic acid links to plasma membrane• Wall teichoic acid links to peptidoglycan

• May regulate movement of cations• Polysaccharides provide antigenic variation

Figure 4.13b


Gram-Negative Outer Membrane

• Lipopolysaccharides, lipoproteins, phospholipids.• Forms the periplasm between the outer membrane and

the plasma membrane.• Protection from phagocytes, complement, antibiotics.• O polysaccharide antigen, e.g., E. coli O157:H7.• Lipid A is an endotoxin.• Porins (proteins) form channels through membrane


Gram-Negative Outer Membrane

Figure 4.13c


Atypical Cell Walls

• Mycoplasmas• Lack cell walls• Sterols in plasma membrane

• Archaea• Wall-less, or• Walls of pseudomurein (lack NAM and D amino

acids)


Plasma Membrane

Figure 4.14a


Plasma Membrane

• Phospholipid bilayer• Peripheral proteins• Integral proteins• Transmembrane proteins

Figure 4.14b


Fluid Mosaic Model

• Membrane is as viscous as olive oil.

• Proteins move to function• Phospholipids rotate and

move laterally

Figure 4.14b


Cytoplasm

• Cytoplasm is the substance inside the plasma membrane

Figure 4.6a, b


Nuclear Area

• Nuclear area (nucleoid)

Figure 4.6a, b


Ribosomes

Figure 4.6a

TORTORA • FUNKE • CASE...

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