Tori to Print
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a) Quantities of materials to be moved and the direction of movement. Areas where earth may have to be borrowed or wasted and the amounts involved. The best policy to adopt to obtain the most economic use of plant. Techniques for estimating earthwork costs. b) i) Materials will shrink or swell when removed from their natural state and placed in compacted fill. Generally, soils shrink and rocks swell. Excavation of material causes it to loosen, and thus its excavated volume will be greater than its in situ volume ii) Borrow: Cost of material that has to be obtained off the job site in order to make a fill; usually several times the cost of locally excavated material. Quoted as Rs/m 3 . iii) Waste: If disposal of excess cut material is not included in item for excavation, a separate pay item for waste is included. Quoted as Rs/m 3 . iv) Overhaul is defined as a distance over which the excavated material must be hauled less the free haul distance. The rate for overhaul is normally specified by the contractor. This rate is normally given in $/m 3 /unit distance.
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Transcript of Tori to Print
a) Quantities of materials to be moved and the direction of movement.
Areas where earth may have to be borrowed or wasted and the amounts involved.
The best policy to adopt to obtain the most economic use of plant.
Techniques for estimating earthwork costs.
b) i) Materials will shrink or swell when removed from their natural state and placed in compacted fill. Generally, soils shrink and rocks swell. Excavation of material causes it to loosen, and thus its excavated volume will be greater than its in situ volume
ii) Borrow: Cost of material that has to be obtained off the job site in order to make a fill; usually several times the cost of locally excavated material. Quoted as Rs/m3.
iii) Waste: If disposal of excess cut material is not included in item for excavation, a separate pay item for waste is included. Quoted as Rs/m3. iv) Overhaul is defined as a distance over which the excavated material must be hauled less the free haul distance. The rate for overhaul is normally specified by the contractor. This rate is normally given in $/m3/unit distance.
