Topology Document

A

Report on

Network Topology

Prepared By:-

Vyas Pratik

(090570116066)

2Marwadi Education Foundation Group Of Institute

Index

Sr. No Title Page No

1 Topology 3Types of Topology 4

2 Bus Topology 5Merit & Demerit of Bus Topology 5

3 STAR Topology 6Merit & Demerit of STAR Topology 6

4 Ring Topology 7Merit & Demerit of Ring Topology 7

5 Mesh Topology 8Merit & Demerit of Mesh Topology 8

6 Tree Topology 9Merit & Demerit of Tree Topology 9

7 Hybrid Topology 108 Reference 11

Created By: Vyas Pratik (090570116066)


1. What is Network Topology

Network Topology means arrangement and connection of computer or nodes or devices in such way by which they can communicate with one-another. In Network topology many other devices are present like cables, switch, Hub, Server etc.

There are main two category I) Physical II) Logical.

I. Physical category means network include the device, location, and cable installation.There are seven layers in Physical category which do interaction between two computers.

II. Logical category means HOW actually data is transfer in Network. It shows the way of signals act in transmission medium.A logical topology is not necessarily the same as it’s physical topology.



1.1 Types of Topology

There are main 6(six) topologies.

1) Bus2) STAR3) Ring4) Mesh5) Tree6) Hybrid



1) Bus Topology

A bus network topology is a network architecture in which a set of clients are connected via a shared communications line which connect with Terminator on both side, called a bus topology. The more PCs on a bus, the more likely you’ll have a communication traffic jam. It may have problems when two clients want to transmit at the same time on the same bus. Central cable known as BACKBONE of the Network.

Fig (1). Bus Topology

Advantages:- Easy to implement and extend. less expensive than other topologies Cost effective; only a single cable is used. Easy identification of cable faults.

Dis-advantages:-

If there is a problem with central cable, the entire network breaks down.

Maintenance costs may be higher in the long run. Performance degrades as additional computers are added. Commonly has a slower data transfer rate

2) STAR Topology



A star network consists of one central switch, hub or computer, which acts as a conduit to transmit messages. The star topology reduces the chance of network failure by connecting all of the systems to a central node. Data on a star network passes through the hub, switch, or concentrator before continuing to its destination. The hub, switch, or concentrator manages and controls all functions of the network. It also acts as a repeater for the data flow.

Fig (2). STAR Topology

Advantages:- Star topology prevents the passing of data packets through an

excessive number of nodes. Each device is inherently isolated by the link that connects it to

the hub. As the central hub is the bottleneck, increasing its capacity, or

connecting additional devices to it, increases the size of the network very easily.

Dis-Advantages:-

High dependence of the system on the functioning of the central hub

Failure of the central hub fails the whole network.



3) Ring Topology

A ring network is a network topology in which each node connects to exactly two other nodes; Data travels from node to node, with each node along the way handling every packet. Because a ring topology provides only one pathway between any two nodes, ring networks may be disrupted by the failure of a single link. A node failure or cable break might isolate every node attached to the ring.

Fig (3). Ring Topology

Advantages:- Performs better than a bus topology under heavy network load Does not require a central node to manage the connectivity

between the computers

Dis-advantages:-

One malfunctioning workstation can create problems for the entire network

Moves, adds and changes of devices can affect the network Bandwidth is shared on all links between devices

4) Mesh Topology



Mesh networking (topology) is a type of networking where each node must not only capture its own data, but also collaborate the data in the network of other nodes. A mesh network can be designed using a flooding technique or a routing technique. When using a routing technique, the message propagates along a path, by hopping from node to node until the destination is reached.

Fig (4). Mesh Topology

Advantages:- No-traffic between computers Failure of one node not affects rest of the network.

Dis-advantages:-

Due to the amount of cabling and number of input output ports, it is expensive.

Large space requires to running cables.



5) Tree Topology

The type of network topology in which a central 'root' node is connected to one or more other nodes that are one level lower in the hierarchy with a point-to-point link between each of the second level nodes and the top level central 'root' node, while each of the second level nodes that are connected to the top level central 'root' node will also have one or more other nodes that are one level lower in the hierarchy connected to it, also with a point-to-point link, the top level central 'root' node being the only node that has no other node above it in the hierarchy. Tree topology is a combination of Bus and Star topology.

Fig (5). Tree Topology

Advantages:-

A point to point connection is possible with Tree Networks. All the computers have access to the larger and their immediate

networks.

Dis-advantages:-

In a Network Topology the length of the network depends on the type of cable that is being used.

It is difficult to configure and can get complicated after a certain point.



6) Hybrid Topology

Hybrid networks use a combination of any two or more topologies in such a way that the resulting network does not exhibit one of the standard topologies. It consist all advantages and Dis-advantages of topologies which include in it.

Fig (6.1). Ring + Bus Topology

Fig (6.2). STAR + BUS Topology



Reference:- http://en.wikipedia.org


http://en.wikipedia.org/

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