TOPOGRAPHY T1 Division of Cerebral Cortex …. Lateral View of Lobes in Left Hemisphere TOPOGRAPHY...

1.

Lateral

View of Lobes in Left Hemisphere

TOPOGRAPHY

Division of Cerebral Cortex into Lobes

T1

PARIETAL

TEMPORAL

PARIETAL

FRONTAL

TEMPORAL

LIMBIC

PARIETAL

2.

Medial

View of Lobes in Right Hemisphere

3.

Dorsal

View of Lobes 4.

Ventral

View of Lobes

OCCIPITAL

OCCIPITALFRONTAL FRONTALOCCIPITAL

TEMPORAL LIMBIC

FRONTAL

INSULAR: buried in lateral fissure

OCCIPITAL

Comment: The cerebral lobes are arbitrary divisions of the cerebrum, taking their names, for the most part, from overlying bones. They are not functional subdivisions of the brain, but

serve as a reference

for locating specific functions within them. The anterior (rostral) end of the frontal lobe is referred to as the

frontal pole.

Similarly, the anterior end of the temporal lobe is the

temporal pole

, and the posterior end of the occipital lobe the

occipital pole

.

TOPOGRAPHY

Lateral View of Left Hemisphere

T2

Comment:

Insula

(insular gyri) exposed by removal of overlying opercula (“lids” of frontal

and parietal cortex).

superior, middle and inferior temporal gyri

superior temporal gyrus

inferior parietal lobule:supramarginal and angular gyri

OT

OP

cerebellum

preoccipitalnotch

incision for close-upbelow

middle frontalgyrus

superior frontalgyrus

postcentralgyrusprecentral gyrus

central sulcus superior parietallobule

intraparietal sulcus

lateralsulcus

inferior frontalgyrus:

O

-orbital

T

-triangular

OP

-opercular

cut surface corresponding to incision in above figure

insula

central sulcus

SUMMARY CARTOON: GYRI

parieto-occipital sulcus

SUMMARY CARTOON: LOBES

frontal

parietal

temporal

occipital

central sulcuscentral sulcus

lateralsulcus

lateralsulcus

Lateral View of Insula

supramarginal site (posterior Wernicke’s)

caudate

Broca’s site

arcuate fasciculus

TOPOGRAPHY

T3

Language sites and arcuate fasciculus. MRI reconstruction from a volunteer

.

superior temporal site (anterior Wernicke’s)

Broca’s site


Language sites

(squares) approximated from electrical stimulation sites in patients undergoing operations for epilepsy or tumor removal (Ojeman and Berger).

Broca’s site

arcuate fasciculus

transverse temporal gyrus

superior temporal gyrus

Broca’s region

Dissection of arcuate fasciculus


superior temporal site (anterior Wernicke’s)

corpus callosum

arcuate fasciculus

central sulcus

central sulcus

visualradiation

TOPOGRAPHY

T4

fiber in base of pons

spinal cord

pons

central sulcus

central sulcusinternalcapsule

fiber in cerebral peduncle

fiber in pyramid

corona radiatapyramidal cell inprecentral gyrus

pyramidaldecussation

lateral fissure

medulla

middle temporal gyrus

cut surface of middlefrontal gyrus

putamen

external capsule

Lateral Dissections

supramarginal gyrus

T5

TOPOGRAPHY

Posterior View of Brain

Dorsal View of Brain

longitudinal fissure

superior frontal sulcus

precentral gyrus

middle frontal gyrus

superior frontal gyrus

parieto-occipital fissure

superior parietal lobule

postcentral sulcus

precentral sulcus

occipital lobe


cerebellum

falx lies between the cerebral hemi-spheres in the longitu-dinal fissure

parieto-occipital sulcus

occipital lobe

tentorium lies between occipital lobes and cerebellum

medulla

LEFT HEMISPHERE RIGHT HEMISPHERE

central sulcus

postcentral gyrus


TOPOGRAPHY

T6

AA

B B

B

A

corpus callosum

corpus callosum

lateral fissure

lateral fissure

lateral ventricle: inferior horn

thalamus

occipital pole

thalamus


central sulcus

FRONTAL LOBE

OCCIPITAL LOBE

caudate nucleus

caudate nucleus

lateral ventricle: posterior-horn


cerebellum




lateral fissure

central sulcus


T7

TOPOGRAPHY

Dorsal View of Brain

RIGHTLEFT

genu of corpus callosum

body of corpus callosum

splenium of corpus callosumoccipital lobe

thalamus

frontal lobe

transverse temporal gyrus

posterior hornof lateral ventricle

splenium of corpus callosum

internal capsule

choroid plexus

caudate nucleus


T8

TOPOGRAPHY

Dorsal View

thalamus

amygdala

fimbria

fornix

amygdala

inferior hornof lateral ventricle

hippocampus

caudate nucleus

thalamus

fimbria

fornix

posterior hornof lateral ventricle

internal capsule

anterior horn of lateral ventricle

caudate nucleus

internal capsule

hippocampus

inferior horn of lateral ventricle

corpuscallosum

TOPOGRAPHY

Medial View of Right Hemisphere

T9

cuneus (cuneate gyrus )corpus callosum:

lingual gyrus

fornix

cerebral aqueduct and fourth ventricle

subcallosal gyrus


midbrain

pons

medulla

septum pellucidum

interventricular foramen and hypothalamus

optic chiasm

anterior commissure

genu

bodysplenium

thalamus

Medial View of Right Hemisphere: Brain Stem and Septum Pellucidum Removed

fornix

part of thalamus remaining after removal of brainstem

cingulate gyrus

isthmus of cingulate gyrus

parahippocampal gyrus

optic chiasm

anterior commissure

uncus

corpus callosum

column of fornix entering dissected hypothalamus

fimbria at edge of hippocam-pus (not seen)

subcallosal gyrus

lamina terminalis

superior andinferior colliculi

caudate

cingulate gyruscentral sulcus

calcarinefissure

cerebellarvermis

T10

TOPOGRAPHY

septum pellucidum

calcarine fissure

spinal cord

cerebral aqueduct

optic nerve


fornix

pituitary fossa

superior and inferior colliculi

Magnetic Resonance Scan: midline

cingulate gyrus

midbrain

medulla

pons

third ventricle

fourth ventricle

cerebellar vermis

corpus callosum

TOPOGRAPHY

T11

1. Septum Pellucidum, Hypothalamus & Most of Thalamus Removed

2. Remaining Thalamus & Fornix Removed

head of caudate nucleus

internal capsule

thalamus cerebral peduncle

fornix body of corpus callosum

cerebral peduncle

cerebral pedunclesubstantia nigra

substantia nigra

anterior commissure

head of caudate nucleus

calcarine sulcus

cingulum

cingulate gyrus

cingulate gyrussplenium of corpus callosum

body of corpus callosum


calcarine sulcus


cingulate gyrus


pons

pons

pons

uncus

uncus

uncus

anterior commissure

anterior commissure

internal capsule

3. Caudate Removed

vermis

vermis

vermis

vermis

TOPOGRAPHY OF THE CNS

Ventral View of Brain

T12

FRONTAL LOBE

TEMPORAL LOBE

optic nerve,optic chiasm andoptic tract

floor of hypothalamus(tuber cinereum)

mammillary body

inferior temporal gyrus

olive

mammillary body of hypothalamus

cerebralpeduncle

orbital gyri

CEREBELLUM

MEDULLA

BASE OFPONS

lateral sulcus

olfactory bulb and olfactory tract

pyramid

occipital pole

temporal pole

frontal pole

Comment: The ventral surface of the brain is especially important. It is here that the blood supply to the brain enters. The brain stem and many of the cranial nerves are visible. In addition, one can see the cerebellum, portions of the frontal, temporal and occipital lobes, and the floor of the diencephalon. And it is also here that the pituitary gland (not shown) is attached to the hypothalamus by the small infundibulum (posterior to the optic chiasm).

flocculus(part of cerebellum)


collateral sulcus

lateral and medialoccipitotemporal gyri

tonsil(part of cerebellum)

trigeminal nerve

T13TOPOGRAPHY

X. Vagus nerve rootlets

IV. Trochlear nerve

III. Oculomotor nerve

VI. Abducens nerve

V. Trigeminal nerve

VII. Facial nerve nerve

II. Optic nerve: The cell bodies of origin are in the retina. Half the axonscross (optic chiasm) to the oppositeoptic tract, half continuing to helpform the optic tract of the same side.

I . Olfactory bulb: olfactory nerves (in the nasal epithelium) terminatein the bulb.

Olfactory tract

mammillary body (nucleus)

Optic chiasm and optic tract

XII. Hypoglossal nerve rootlets

Cranial Nerves: Numbers and Names

cerebralpeduncle

orbital gyri

VIII. Vestibulocochlear nerve

IX. Glossopharyngeal andXI. Accessory (cranial) nerve rootlets are too small to see here: position is rostral and caudal to the vagus in the same line

olive

pyramid

ponsmiddle cerebellar peduncle

straight (rectus)gyrus

infundibulum andtuber cinereum

T14TOPOGRAPHY

Ventral View Dissections

amygdala

infundibulum

hippocampus parahippocampalgyrus

cerebral peduncle

uncus

midbrain

inferior horn of lateral ventricle

amygdala

cerebral aqueduct

hippocampus

mammillary body


olfactory bulb

optic tract

posterior horn of lateral ventricle


cerebral peduncle

mammillary nucleus (body)


optic chiasm

olfactory tractfrontal pole

temporal pole

occipital pole

uncus

optic tract

hypothalamus

substantianigra

T15TOPOGRAPHY

Ventral Dissection: Optic Radiation

infundibulumand hypothalamus

pulvinarparahippocampalgyrus

cerebral peduncleoculomotor nerve

optic radiation: temporal (Meyer’s) loop

lateral geniculate

hypothalamus

olfactory bulband tract

optic nerve, chiasm and tract


dura

medial geniculate

optic radiation

dissected lower bank of calcarine fissure

middle cerebral artery

midbrain

substantia nigra

RIGHT LEFT

TOPOGRAPHY

BRAINSTEM

1. Medial view of right hemisphere

T16

septum pellucidum

thalamus

optic chiasm

cerebellar vermis

superior &inferiorcolliculus

hypothalamus

inferior olive

midbrain

flocculus

tonsil

trigeminal nerve (V)

cerebellar hemisphere

corpus callosum

4. Lateral view from left side

medulla

pons

cerebralpeduncle

optic tract

flocculus

tonsilinferior olive

optic chiasmand tract

mammillarybody

anteriorcommissure

2. Anterior view

striatum

pyramid

hypothalamus

cerebellar hemisphere

cerebral peduncle

pyramid

cerebral aqueduct

pineal

fornix

fourth ventricle

pons

medulla

pons

medulla

internal capsule

hypothalamus

3. Posterior view: cerebellum removed

superior cerebellarpeduncle

middle cerebellarpeduncle

inferior cerebellarpeduncle

VIII

superior colliculus

inferior colliculus

cerebral peduncle

floor of 4th ventricle

TOPOGRAPHY T1 Division of Cerebral Cortex …. Lateral View of Lobes in Left Hemisphere TOPOGRAPHY...

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