Topographic relief maps of portions of the Pacific and ... · PDF filepublication of a work...

Topographic relief maps of portions of the Pacific and Southern Oceans taken from theSeasat oceanographic satellite. Maps represent the gravitational effect of tectonic featuresupon topographic relief of the sea surface. DSDP Leg 90 sites were cored on the ChallengerPlateau and Lord Howe Rise, shown as a light-colored, curving topographic prominencein the Tasman Sea between the west of New Zealand and the west of New Caledonia.Site 594 was drilled south of the Chatham Rise, shown to the east of New Zealand's SouthIsland. Photos courtesy of William Haxby, Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory.

Initial Reportsof the

Deep Sea Drilling Project

A Project Planned by and Carried Out With the Advice of theJOINT OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTIONS FOR DEEP EARTH SAMPLING (JOIDES)

VOLUME XC, Part 1covering Leg 90 of the cruises of the Drilling Vessel Glomar Challenger

Noumea, New Caledonia, to Wellington, New ZealandDecember 1982-January 1983

PARTICIPATING SCIENTISTS

James P. Kennett, Christopher C. von der Borch, Paul A. Baker,Charles E. Barton, Anne Boersma, Jean Pierre Caulet,

Walter C. Dudley, Jr., James V. Gardner, D. Graham Jenkins,William H. Lohman, Erlend Martini, Russell B. Merrill,

Roger Morin, Campbell S. Nelson, Christian Robert,

M. S. Srinivasan, Rüdiger Stein, and Akira Takeuchi

SHIPBOARD SCIENCE REPRESENTATIVE

Russell B. Merrill

EDITOR

Jan H. Blakeslee

Prepared for theNATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION

National Ocean Sediment Coring ProgramUnder Contract C-482

By theUNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA

Scripps Institution of OceanographyPrime Contractor for the Project

This material is based upon research supported by the National Sci-ence Foundation under Contract No. C-482.

Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations ex-pressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do notnecessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.

It is recommended that reference to the whole or to part of this vol-ume be made in one of the following forms, as appropriate:

Kennett, J. P., von der Borch, C. C , et al., 19 Init. Repts.DSDP, 90: Washington (U.S. Govt. Printing Office).

Elmstrom, K. M., and Kennett, J. P., 19 Late Neogene pale-oceanographic evolution of Site 590: southwest Pacific. In Ken-nett, J. P., von der Borch, C. C , et al., Init. Repts. DSDP, 90:Washington (U.S. Govt. Printing Office), -

Effective Publication Dates of DSDP Initial Reports

According to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, the date ofpublication of a work and of a contained name or statement affecting nomenclatureis the date on which the publication was mailed to subscribers, placed on sale, orwhen the whole edition is distributed free of charge, mailed to institutions andindividuals to whom free copies are distributed. The mailing date, not the printeddate, is the correct one.

Mailing dates of the more recent Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Projectare as follows:

Volume 79—November, 1984Volume 80—March, 1985Volume 81—January, 1985Volume 82—June, 1985Volume 83—April, 1985Volume 84—May, 1985

Printed January 1986

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 74—603338

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing OfficeWashington, D.C. 20402

Stock Number038-000-00561-8

The world's first major oceanographic expe-dition took place between 1872 and 1876. Thisexpedition, aboard the H.M.S. Challenger cov-ering nearly 70,000 nautical miles and gatheringoceanographic data from 362 stations, expand-ed our knowledge of the ocean and provided asolid foundation for future studies in marine geo-logy. A century later, another vessel also namedChallenger continued to expand our knowledgeof the world's ocean and helped revolutionize ourconcepts of how the seafloor and the continentsform and change. The drilling vessel GlomarChallenger sailed the same waters as its historiccounterpart, seeking answers to new questionsconcerning the history of our planet and the lifeit supports. The continued advancement ofknowledge about the fundamental processes anddynamics of the earth is leading to a greater un-derstanding of our planet and more intelligentuse of its resources.

Since 1968, the Deep Sea Drilling Project(DSDP) has been supported by the National Sci-ence Foundation, primarily through a contractwith the University of California which, in turn,subcontracted to Global Marine Incorporated forthe services of the D/V Glomar Challenger.

Through contracts with Joint OceanographicInstitutions, Inc. (JOI, Inc.), the National Sci-ence Foundation supported the scientific adviso-ry structure for the project and funded predrill-ing geophysical site surveys. Scientific planningwas conducted under the auspices of the JointOceanographic Institutions for Deep Earth Sam-pling (JOIDES). The JOIDES advisory groupconsisted of over 250 members who made up 24committees, panels, and working groups. Themembers were distinguished scientists from ac-ademic institutions, government agencies, andprivate industry all over the world.

In 1975, the International Phase of OceanDrilling (IPOD) began. The IPOD member na-tions, Federal Republic of Germany, Japan, Uni-ted Kingdom, Soviet Union, and France, partial-ly supported the project. Each member nationactively participated in the scientific planning ofthe project through membership in JOIDES. Sci-entists from these countries also took part in thefield work aboard the D/V Glomar Challengerand postcruise scientific studies.

The first ocean coring operations for the DeepSea Drilling Project began on August 11, 1968.During the ensuing years of drilling operationsin the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans, theGulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, MediterraneanSea, and Antarctic waters, the scientific objec-tives that had been proposed were successfullyaccomplished. Primarily, the age of the ocean ba-sins and their processes of development were de-termined. The validity of the hypothesis of sea-floor spreading was firmly demonstrated and itsdynamics studied. Emphasis was placed on broadreconnaissance and testing the involvement ofmid-oceanic ridge systems in the development ofthe ocean basin. Later legs of the Challengersvoyages concentrated on the nature of the oce-anic crust, the sedimentary history of the pas-sive ocean margins, sediment dynamics along ac-tive ocean margins, and other areas of interest.The accumulated results of this project have ledto major new interpretations of the pattern ofsedimentation and the physical and chemical cha-racteristics of the ancient oceans.

Technological advances have provided newtools which in turn have opened new dimensionsof scientific discovery. The introduction of theHydraulic Piston Corer in 1979 permitted virtu-ally undisturbed cores of soft sediment layers tobe obtained. This technological advance hasgreatly enhanced the ability of scientists to studyancient ocean environments, as recorded by sed-iment characteristics and flora and fauna pre-served in these deposits.

A second major advance has been the use ofthe hole after drilling. The project routinely log-

ged holes and performed geophysical and geo-chemical studies before, during, and after drill-ing. Long-term downhole geophysical seismicmonitoring devices have been implanted success-fully in DSDP holes. These new listening devicesand geophysical studies have provided valuableinformation about the origin and nature of thedynamic processes of plate tectonics.

These reports contain the results of the initialstudies of the recovered core material and the as-sociated geophysical information. All the world'speople benefit either directly or indirectly fromthis fundamental research. Knowledge about pastand present conditions and processes are thefoundations for future predictions and develop-ments. Both short- and long-term benefits are ob-tained by advances in drilling technology and in-strumentation. Information is being obtainedabout the origin and geographic distribution ofnatural resources. Just as the H.M.S. Challeng-er had a profound impact on scientific thoughtfor over a century, this second Challenger expe-dition has given a greater understanding of theoceans and the processes that form and shape theearth.

Erich Bloch,Director

Washington, D.C.

VI

Recognizing the need in the oceanographiccommunity for scientific planning of a programto obtain deep sedimentary cores from theocean bottoms, four of the major oceanograph-ic institutions that had strong interests andprograms in the fields of marine geology andgeophysics formed, in May 1964, the JointOceanographic Institutions for Deep EarthSampling (JOIDES). This group, Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory; RosenstielSchool of Marine and Atmospheric Science,University of Miami; the Scripps Institution ofOceanography, University of California at San

] p I * O I ^ C θ Diego; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic In-stitution, expressed an interest in undertakingscientific planning and guidance of thesedimentary drilling program. It was the pur-pose of this group to foster programs to in-vestigate the sediments and rocks beneath thedeep oceans by drilling and coring. Themembership of this original group was laterenlarged in 1968 when the University ofWashington became a member, and again in1975 when University of Hawaii Institute ofGeophysics, the Oregon State UniversitySchool of Oceanography, the University ofRhode Island Graduate School of Oceanogra-phy, and Texas A&M University Department ofOceanography became members. In accordancewith international agreements, institutionsof participating nations became members ofJOIDES. Thus, during 1974 to 1976, theBundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften undRohstoffe of the Federal Republic of Germany,the Centre National pour 1'Exploitation desOceans of France, the Natural EnvironmentResearch Council of the United Kingdom, theUniversity of Tokyo of Japan, and Academy ofSciences of the USSR became JOIDES members.

Through discussions sponsored by theJOIDES organization, with support from theNational Science Foundation, ColumbiaUniversity's Lamont-Doherty GeologicalObservatory operated a drilling program in thesummer of 1965, on the Blake Plateau regionoff Jacksonville, Florida.

vn

With this success in hand, planning beganfor a more extensive deep sea effort. Thisresulted in the award of a contract by theNational Science Foundation to the Scripps In-stitution of Oceanography, University of Cali-fornia at San Diego for an eighteen-monthdrilling program in the Atlantic and Pacificoceans, termed the Deep Sea Drilling Project(DSDP). Operations at sea began in August1968, using the now-famous drilling vessel, theGlomar Challenger.

The goal of the Deep Sea Drilling Projectis to gather scientific information that will helpdetermine the age and processes of develop-ment of the ocean basins. The primary strategyis to drill deep holes into the ocean floor, rely-ing largely on technology developed by thepetroleum industry.

Through the efforts of the principal or-ganizations and of the panel members, whowere drawn from a large cross section of lead-ing earth scientists and associates, a scientificprogram was developed.

Cores recovered from deep beneath theocean floor provide reference material for amultitude of studies in fields such as biostratig-raphy, physical stratigraphy, and paleomag-netism that afford a new scope for investigatingthe physical and chemical aspects of sedimentprovenance, transportation, deposition, anddiagenesis. In-hole measurements, as feasible,provide petrophysical data to permit inferenceof lithology of intervals from which no coreswere recovered.

A report, describing the core materials andinformation obtained both at sea and in lab-oratories onshore, is published after the com-pletion of each cruise. These reports are acooperative effort of shipboard and shore-based scientists and are intended primarily to bea compilation of results which, it is hoped, willbe the starting point for many future new andexciting research programs. Preliminary inter-pretations of the data and observations taken atsea are also included.

Core materials and data collected on eachcruise will be made available to qualified scien-tists through the Curator of the Deep Sea Drill-

ing Project, following a Sample DistributionPolicy (p. xvii) approved by the National Sci-ence Foundation.

The advent of Glomar Challenger, with itsdeep-water drilling capability, is exceedinglytimely. It has come when geophysical investiga-tion of the oceans has matured through 20 to 30years of vigorous growth to the point where wehave some knowledge about much of the for-merly unknown oceanic areas of our planet.About one million miles of traverses have beenmade which tell us much about the global pat-tern of gravity, magnetic and thermal anoma-lies, and about the composition, thickness, andstratigraphy of the sedimentary cover of thedeep sea and continental margin. The coveragewith such data has enabled the site selectionpanels to pick choice locations for drilling. Theknowledge gained from each hole can be ex-tended into the surrounding area. Detailed geo-physical surveys were made for most of theselected locations prior to drilling.

The earth sciences have recently maturedfrom an empirical status to one in which sub-stantial theories and hypotheses about majortectonic processes are flourishing. Theoriesabout the origin of magnetic fields and mag-netic reversals, about ocean floor spreading andcontinental drift, and about the thermal historyof our planet have led to specific predictionsthat could be tested best by an enlightened pro-gram of sampling of deep sea and continentalmargin sediments and underlying rocks.

In October 1975, the International Phaseof Ocean Drilling (IPOD) began. This in-ternational interest, and the true participationof both the scientists and governments of anumber of nations, are eloquent testimony tothe importance of the work being done by theDeep Sea Drilling Project.

The members of JOIDES and DSDP andthe scientists from all interested organizationsand nations who have served on the various ad-visory panels are proud to have been of serviceand believe that the information and core ma-terials that have been obtained will be of valueto students of earth sciences and to all human-ity for many years to come.

V l l l

Deep SeaDrilling Project

MEMBER ORGANIZATIONS OF THE JOINTOCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTIONS FOR DEEPEARTH SAMPLING (JOIDES):1

Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe,Federal Republic of Germany

University of California at San Diego,Scripps Institution of Oceanography

Centre National pour TExploitation des Oceans, Paris

Columbia University, Lamont-Doherty GeologicalObservatory

University of Hawaii, Hawaii Institute of Geophysics

University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine andAtmospheric Science

Natural Environment Research Council, London

Oregon State University, School of Oceanography

University of Rhode Island, Graduate School ofOceanography

Texas A&M University, Department of Oceanography

University of Tokyo, Ocean Research Institute

University of Washington, Department ofOceanography

U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences2

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

University of Texas at Austin

OPERATING INSTITUTION

Scripps Institution of OceanographyUniversity of California at San DiegoLa Jolla, CaliforniaW. A. Nierenberg, Director

DEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECT

Dr. M. N. A. PetersonPrincipal InvestigatorProject Manager

Mr. Robert S. BowerAssistant Project Manager forAdministration and Contracts

Dr. Yves LancelotChief Scientist

Mr. Ed DeanFinance Administrator

Ms. Sue StrainPersonnel Officer

Includes member organizations during time of cruise.This institution and its committees and panel members were noncontribut-ing members of JOIDES at time of cruise.

IX

Participants aboardGLOMAR CHALLENGER for Leg NinetyDr. James P. KennettCo-Chief Scientist

Graduate School of OceanographyUniversity of Rhode IslandNarragansett, Rhode Island 02882-1197

Dr. Christopher C. von der BorchCo-Chief Scientist

School of Earth SciencesFlinders University of South AustraliaBedford ParkSouth Australia 5042

Dr. Paul A. BakerSedimentologist

Department of GeologyDuke UniversityDurham, North Carolina 27708

Dr. Charles E. BartonPaleomagnetist

Graduate School of OceanographyUniversity of Rhode IslandNarragansett, Rhode Island 02882-1197

Dr. Anne BoersmaPaleontologist (benthic foraminifers)

MicroclimatesStony Point, New York 10980

Dr. Jean Pierre CauletPaleontologist (radiolarians)

Laboratoire de GéologieMuseum National d'Histoire Naturelle75005 Paris, France

Dr. Walter C. Dudley, Jr.Sedimentologist

Natural Sciences DivisionCollege of Arts and SciencesUniversity of Hawaii at HiloHilo, Hawaii 96720

Dr. James V. GardnerSedimentologist

Pacific-Arctic Branch of Marine GeologyU.S. Geological SurveyMenlo Park, California 94025

Dr. D. Graham JenkinsPaleontologist (planktonic foraminifers)

Department of Earth SciencesOpen UniversityMilton Keynes MK7 6AAUnited Kingdom

Mr. William H. LohmanPaleontologist (nannofossils)

Marathon Oil CompanyDenver Research CenterLittleton, Colorado 80160

Dr. Erlend MartiniPaleontologist (nannofossils)

Geologisch-Palaon tologisches InstitutJohann- Wolfgang-Goethe- UniversitàtD-6000 Frankfurt am MainFederal Republic of Germany

Dr. Russell B. MerrillIgneous Petrologist/Staff Science Representative

Deep Sea Drilling Project, A-031Scripps Institution of OceanographyLa Jolla, California 92093

Dr. Roger MorinPhysical Properties Specialist

Department of Earth and Planetary SciencesMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridge, Massachusetts 02139

Dr. Campbell S. NelsonSedimentologist

Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of WaikatoHamilton, New Zealand

Dr. Christian RobertSedimentologist

Laboratoire de Géologie MarineCentre Universitaire de Luminy13288 Marseille Cedex 09France

Dr. M. S. SrinivasanPaleontologist (planktonic foraminifers)

Department of GeologyBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi 221 005India

Dr. Rüdiger SteinSedimentologist

Geologisch-Palaontologisches InstitutChristian-Albrechts-Universitàt Kiel2300 KielFederal Republic of Germany

XI

Dr. Akira TakeuchiSedimentologist

Department of Earth SciencesFaculty of ScienceToyama UniversityGohuku3I90, Toyama 930Japan

Mr. David HueyCruise Operations Manager


Captain Joseph A. ClarkeMaster of the Drilling Vessel

Global Marine Drilling Co.San Diego, California 92111

Mr. James A. RuddellDrilling Superintendent

Global Marine Drilling Co.San Diego, California 92111

Mr. Dennis K. GrahamLaboratory Officer


Mr. Robert C. HaymanCuratorial Representative


Mr. James S. PineChemist


Mr. Frank Sanchez, Jr.Electronics Technician


Mr. Craig HallmanMarine Technician


Mr. Blair J. McKayMarine Technician


Mr. Will SooterMarine Technician


Mr. Thomas W. WitteMarine Technician


Mr. Victor S. SoteloPhotographer


Ms. Joanne R. CollinsYeoperson


Deep Sea Drilling Project Publications Staff

Publications ManagerJan H. Blakeslee

EditorsMarian G. BaileySusan OrlofskyKatie L. TurnerElizabeth Whalen

Production ManagerRaymond F. Silk

Production AssistantsElaine BruerMadeleine A. Mahnken

Production CoordinatorsCarolina BertlingMary A. Young

Art-Photo SupervisorVirginia L. Roman (this volume)

IllustratorsAileen BobrykVicki CypherdKathleen SandersonAlice N. Thompson (this volume)

xn

JOIDES AdvisoryGroups1

Executive CommitteeDr. D. James Baker, Jr.

University of WashingtonProf. Dr. Friedrich Bender

Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und RohstoffeDr. Alan Berman, Chairman

Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric SciencesDr. John C. Bowman

Natural Environment Research CouncilDr. Jacques Debyser

Centre National pour VExploitation des OceansDr. G. Ross Heath

Oregon State UniversityDr. Charles E. Helsley

Hawaii Institute of GeophysicsDr. Jose Honnorez(ex-officio Planning Committee Representative)

Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric ScienceDr. John A. Knauss

University of Rhode IslandDr. Arthur Maxwell

University of Texas at AustinDr. Noriyuki Nasu

University of TokyoDr. William A. Nierenberg

Scripps Institution of OceanographyDr. Melvin N. A. Peterson (ex-officio)

Scripps Institution of OceanographyDr. Barry Raleigh

Lamont-Doherty Geological ObservatoryDr. Robert D. Reid

Texas A&M UniversityDr. Alexander V. Sidorenko

U.S.S.R. Academy of SciencesDr. John Steele

Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionPlanning CommitteeDr. Jean Aubouin

Université Pierre et Marie CurieDr. Helmut Beiersdorf

Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und RohstoffeDr. William R. Bryant

Texas A&M UniversityDr. Richard T. Buffler

University of Texas at AustinDr. Joe R. Cann

University of Newcastle- Upon- TyneMembership at time of cruise.

Dr. Joe S. CreagerUniversity of Washington

Dr. Dennis E. HayesLamont-Doherty Geological Observatory

Dr. Jose Honnorez, ChairmanRosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science

Dr. James P. KennettUniversity of Rhode Island

Dr. Kazuo KobayashiUniversity of Tokyo

Dr. Yves Lancelot (ex-officio)Scripps Institution of Oceanography

Dr. Ralph MoberlyHawaii Institute of Geophysics

Dr. Lev NikitinU.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences

Dr. Hans SchraderOregon State University

Dr. Richard P. von HerzenWoods Hole Oceanographic Institution

Dr. Edward L. WintererScripps Institution of Oceanography

Advisory Panel on Sedimentary Petrologyand Physical PropertiesDr. Richard Bennett

National Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationMr. Robert E. Boyce (ex-officio)

Scripps Institution of OceanographyDr. Richard Carlson

Texas A&M UniversityDr. Walter E. Dean, Jr.

U.S. Geological SurveyDr. George deVries Klein, Chairman

University of Illinois, UrbanaDr. Leland Kraft

McClelland Engineers, Inc.Dr. Michael T. Ledbetter

University of Georgia, AthensDr. I. Nick McCave

University of East AngliaDr. Frederic Mélières

Université Pierre et Marie CurieDr. Ralph Moberly (ex-officio)

Hawaii Institute of GeophysicsDr. Gregory Mountain

Lamont-Doherty Geological ObservatoryDr. Peter Rothe

Universitàt MannheimDr. Peter P. Timofeev

U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences

xiπ

Advisory Panel on Organic GeochemistryDr. Earl W. Baker

Florida Atlantic UniversityDr. Miriam Baltuck (ex-officio)

Scripps Institution of OceanographyDr. Simon C. Brassell

University of BristolDr. Egon T. Degens

Universitàt HamburgDr. Eric Galimov

U.S.S.R. Academy of SciencesDr. John M. Hunt

Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionDr. Keith A. Kvenvolden

U.S. Geological SurveyDr. Philip A. Meyers

University of MichiganDr. Hans Schrader (ex-officio)

Oregon State UniversityDr. Bernd R. T. Simoneit, Chairman

Oregon State UniversityAdvisory Panel on Information HandlingDr. Daniel E. Appleman, Chairman

Smithsonian InstitutionDr. Joe S. Creager (ex-officio)

University of WashingtonDr. John C. Hathaway

U.S. Geological SurveyDr. Alfred Loeblich, Jr.

University of California, Los AngelesDr. Michael S. Loughridge

National Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationDr. Marthe Melguen

Bureau National des Données OcéaniquesDr. Russell Merrill (ex-officio)

Scripps Institution of OceanographyMrs. Judit Nowak

Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und RohstoffeDr. John B. Saunders

Naturhistorisches Museum BaselDr. Valery V. Zdorovenin

U.S.S.R. Academy of SciencesIndustrial Liaison PanelMr. R. L. Adams

Conoco Inc.Prof. Nikolai P. Budnikov

Ministry of Geology of the U.S.S.R.Mr. Melvin J. Hill

Gulf Oil Exploration and Production CompanyDr. Ing. Guenter Peterson

Gewerkschaft WalterMr. W. A. Roberts, Chairman

Energy Concepts, Inc.

Dr. Gilbert RutmanSociété Nationale des Pétroles d'Aquitaine

Mr. G. WilliamsUnited Kingdom Offshore Operators Association, Ltd.

Advisory Panel on Ocean CrustDr. Roger N. Anderson

Lamont-Doherty Geological ObservatoryDr. Henri Bougault

Centre Océanologique de Bretagne (CNEXO)Dr. John R. Delaney

University of WashingtonDr. Donald Elthon

University of HoustonDr. Rolf Emmermann

Universitàt GiessenDr. Kenneth C. MacDonald

University of California, Santa BarbaraDr. Ralph Moberly (ex-officio)

Hawaii Institute of GeophysicsDr. James Natland (ex-officio)

Scripps Institution of OceanographyDr. Minoru Ozima

University of TokyoDr. Paul Robinson, Chairman

Dalhousie UniversityDr. Hans Schouten

Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionDr. Ralph Stephen

Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionDr. John Tarney

University of LeicesterDr. Andrei A. Tsvetkov

U.S.S.R. Academy of SciencesAdvisory Panel on Ocean Margin (Active)Dr. Peter F. Barker

University of BirminghamDr. Jean-Paul Cadet

Université d'OrléansDr. William Coulbourn (ex-officio)

Scripps Institution of OceanographyDr. Darrel Cowan

University of WashingtonDr. Joe S. Creager (ex-officio)

University of WashingtonDr. Yury I. Dmitriev

U.S.S.R. Academy of SciencesDr. Dennis E. Hayes (ex-officio)

Lamont-Doherty Geological ObservatoryDr. Donald M. Hussong, Chairman

Hawaii Institute of GeophysicsDr. Daniel Karig

Cornell University

xiv

Dr. John W. LaddLamont-Doherty Geological Observatory

Dr. Kazuaki NakamuraUniversity of Tokyo

Dr. Roland von HueneU.S. Geological Survey

Dr. Hansjust WaltherBundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe

Advisory Panel on Ocean Margin (Passive)Dr. Mikhail E. Artemiev

U.S.S.R. Academy of SciencesDr. Arnold H. Bouma

Gulf Science and Technology CompanyDr. William R. Bryant (ex-officio)

Texas A&M UniversityDr. Karl Hinz

Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und RohstoffeDr. Hideo Kagami

University of TokyoDr. Charlotte Keene

Geological Survey of CanadaDr. Yves Lancelot (ex-officio)

Scripps Institution of OceanographyDr. Lucien Montadert

Institut Français du PétroleDr. David G. Roberts, Chairman

British Petroleum Co., Ltd.Dr. William B. F. Ryan

Lamont-Doherty Geological ObservatoryDr. Sigmund Snelson

Shell Oil CompanyDr. Jrirn Thiede

Universitetet i OsloDr. Brian E. Tucholke

Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionDr. Peter R. Vail

EXXON Production CompanyDr. Jan E. van Hinte

Vrije UniversiteitDr. Edward L. Winterer (ex-officio)

Scripps Institution of OceanographyAdvisory Panel on Pollution Prevention and SafetyDr. Nikolai I. Beliy

Ministry of Gas Industry, U.S.S.R.Dr. Rustum Jean Byramjee

Compagnie Français des PétrolesDr. George Claypool

U.S. Geological SurveyDr. Louis E. Garrison, Chairman

U.S. Geological SurveyDr. Arthur E. Green

EXXON Production Research Laboratory

Dr. Jose Honnorez (ex-officio)Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science

Prof. A. J. HornAtherton, California

Dr. Ernst HotzDeminex, Essen, Federal Republic of Germany

Dr. Yves Lancelot (ex-officio)Scripps Institution of Oceanography

Dr. David B. MacKenzieMarathon Oil Company

Dr. Geoffrey D. TaylorBritish Petroleum Company, Ltd.

Advisory Panel on Inorganic GeochemistryDr. Miriam Baltuck (ex-officio)

Scripps Institution of OceanographyDr. Stephen E. Calvert

University of British ColumbiaDr. Joe R. Cann (ex-officio)

University of Newcastle- Upon-TyneDr. Henry Elderfield

University of LeedsDr. Michael Hoffert

Université de Bretagne OccidentaleDr. Miriam Kastner, Chairman

Scripps Institution of OceanographyDr. Margaret Leinen

University of Rhode IslandDr. Igor D. Ryabchikov

U.S.S.R. Academy of SciencesDr. Sam Savin

Case Western Reserve UniversityDr. Fred L. Sayles

Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionDr. Hubert Staudigel

Lamont-Doherty Geological ObservatoryDr. Karl-Heinz Wedepohl

Universitàt GöttingenStratigraphic Correlations PanelDr. Ivan Basov

U.S.S.R. Academy of SciencesDr. Lloyd H. Burckle

Lamont-Doherty Geological ObservatoryDr. D. Graham Jenkins

Open University, BuckinghamshireDr. James P. Kennett (ex-officio)

University of Rhode IslandProf. Dr. Erlend Martini

Universitàt FrankfurtDr. Catherine Nigrini

La Habra Heights, CaliforniaDr. Richard Z. Poore, Chairman

U.S. Geological Survey

xv

Dr. Ellen Thomas (ex-officio)Scripps Institution of Oceanography

Downhole Measurements PanelDr. Keir Becker (ex-officio)

Scripps Institution of OceanographyDr. William R. Bryant (ex-officio)

Texas A&M UniversityDr. Nikolas I. Christensen

University of WashingtonDr. Timothy J. G. Francis

Natural Environment Research CouncilDr. Roy Hyndman

Department of Energy, Mines and Resources,British Columbia

Mr. Alfred H. JagelerAmoco Production Research Company

Dr. Reinhard JungBundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe

Dr. Hajimu KinoshitaChiba University

Dr. Mark MathewsLos Alamos National Laboratory

Dr. Yury NeprochnovU.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences

Dr. Lev Nikitin (ex-officio)U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences

Dr. Vincent RenardCentre National pour VExploitation des Oceans

Dr. Richard P. von Herzen, ChairmanWoods Hole Oceanographic Institution

Advisory Panel on Ocean PaleoenvironmentDr. Michael Arthur, Chairman

University of South Carolina, ColumbiaDr. Helmut Beiersdorf (ex-officio)

Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und RohstoffeDr. Hervé Chamley

Université des Sciences et Techniques de LilleDr. Robert G. Douglas, Chairman

University of Southern CaliforniaDr. Dieter Fütterer

Universitat Kiel

Dr. Robert E. GarrisonUniversity of California, Santa Cruz

Dr. James D. HaysLamont-Doherty Geological Observatory

Dr. James P. Kennett (ex-officio)University of Rhode Island

Dr. Robert B. KiddNatural Environment Research Council

Dr. Theodore C. Moore, Jr.EXXON Production Research Company

Dr. Seymour O. SchlangerNorthwestern University

Dr. Yokichi TakayanagiTohoku University

Dr. Fritz TheyerHawaii Institute of Geophysics

Dr. Ellen Thomas (ex-officio)Scripps Institution of Oceanography

Dr. Peter P. TimofeevU.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences

Advisory Panel on Site SurveyingDr. Helmut Beiersdorf (ex-officio)

Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und RohstoffeMr. Carl Brenner (ex-officio)

Lamont-Doherty Geological ObservatoryDr. LeRoy M. Dorman

Scripps Institution of OceanographyDr. Dennis E. Hayes (ex-officio)

Lamont-Doherty Geological ObservatoryDr. E. John W. Jones, Chairman

University College, LondonDr. Shozaburo Nagumo

University of TokyoDr. Vincent Renard

Centre Oceanologique pour VExploitation des OceansDr. Matthew Salisbury (ex-officio)

Scripps Institution of OceanographyDr. Alexander A. Schreider

U.S.S.R. Academy of SciencesDr. Wilfried Weigel

Universitat Hamburg

xvi

SAMPLE DISTRIBUTION POLICY

Distribution of Ocean Drilling Program and of DeepSea Drilling Project samples is undertaken in order to(1) provide support to shipboard scientists in achievingthe scientific objectives of their cruise, and supportshorebased investigators who are preparing contribu-tions to DSDP and ODP reports; (2) provide individ-ual investigators with materials to conduct detailedstudies beyond the scope of ODP reports; (3) providepaleontological reference centers with samples forreference and comparison purposes; and (4) provideeducators with samples for teaching purposes.

Funding for sample-related activities must be securedby the investigator independently of requesting thesamples.

The Ocean Drilling Program Curator is responsiblefor distributing samples and for preserving and con-serving core material. The Curator, who may acceptadvice from chairmen of the appropriate JOIDESadvisory panels, is responsible for enforcing the pro-visions of this sample distribution policy. He is re-sponsible for maintaining a record of all samples thathave been distributed, both onboard ship and subse-quently from the repositories, indicating the recipi-ents and the nature of investigations proposed. Thisinformation is available to interested investigators onrequest.

Every sample distributed from the ship or from a re-pository is labeled with a standard identifier, whichincludes leg number, hole number, core and sectionnumbers, and interval within the section from whichthe sample was removed. It is imperative that thisstandard identifier be associated with all data report-ed in the literature, and that residues of the sampleremain labeled throughout their lives, so that laterworkers can relate the data to the cores.Distribution of sample materials is made directly fromthe repositories (Lamont-Doherty Geological Observ-atory, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, or TexasA&M University) by the Curator or his designatedrepresentative.

1. Distribution of Samples for Research Leading toContributions to ODP Reports

Any investigator who wishes to contribute to the re-ports of a scheduled cruise may write to the Curator,Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A&M University, Col-lege Station, Texas 77843-3469, U.S.A., in order torequest samples from that cruise. Requests for a spe-cific cruise must be received by the Curator at least

*Revised October 1984

TWO MONTHS in advance of the departure of thatcruise, in order to allow time for the review of the re-quest in conjunction with other requests, so that asuitable shipboard sampling program can be assem-bled. The request should include a statement of thenature of the proposed research, size and approxi-mate number of samples required to complete thestudy, and any particular sampling technique or equip-ment which may be required. Requests will be re-viewed by the staff representative and co-chief scien-tists of the cruise and by the Curator. Approval/dis-approval will be based upon the scientific require-ments of the cruise as determined by the appropriateJOIDES advisory panel(s). The scope of a requestmust be such that samples can be processed, thatproposed research can be completed, and that the pa-per can be written in time for submission to the rele-vant ODP cruise report.

Except for rare, specific instances involving ephem-eral properties, the total volume of samples removedduring a cruise-related sampling program will not ex-ceed one-quarter of the volume of core recovered, andno interval will be depleted. One-half of all recoveredmaterials will be retained in the archives in as pristinea condition as is practicable. Investigators requestingshipboard samples of igneous materials may receive amaximum of 100 igneous samples per cruise.

Because many sample requests are received for ship-board work and because the time of the shipboardparty is at a premium, co-chief scientists are stronglyurged to limit shipboard sampling to the minimumnecessary to accomplish the cruise objectives. Shore-based investigators whose requests for cruise-relatedsamples are approved should expect that they will re-ceive the samples after the cores are returned to therepository, and should schedule research activities ac-cordingly.

Co-chief scientists may invite investigators who arenot cruise participants to perform special studies ofselected core samples in direct support of shipboardactivities. If this occurs, the names and addresses ofthese investigators and details of all samples loanedor distributed to them must be forwarded to the Cu-rator, via the ODP Staff Representative to that cruise,immediately after the cruise. These investigators areexpected to contribute to the cruise reports as thoughthey had been cruise participants. All requirementsof the Sample Distribution Policy apply.

Any publication of results other than in ODP re-ports within twelve (12) months of completion of the

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cruise must be approved and authored by the wholeshipboard party and, where appropriate, shorebasedinvestigators. After twelve months, individual inves-tigators may submit related papers for open publica-tion provided they have already submitted their con-tributions to ODP reports. Investigations which arenot completed in time for inclusion in ODP reportsfor a specific cruise may be published in a later edi-tion of ODP reports; however, they may not appearin another journal until the ODP report for whichthey were intended has been published.

2. Distribution of Samples for Research Leading toPublication Outside of the DSDP and ODP Reports

A. Researchers who wish to use samples for stud-ies beyond the scope of the DSDP or ODP re-ports should obtain sample request forms fromthe Curator, Ocean Drilling Program, TexasA&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3469, U.S.A. Requestors are required to spe-cify the quantities and intervals of core re-quired, to make a clear statement of the natureof the proposed research, to state the timewhich will be required to complete the workand to submit results for publication, and tospecify funding status and the availability ofequipment and space for the research.

Additionally, if the requestor has received sam-ples from ODP or from DSDP previously, he/she will be required to account for the dispo-sition of those samples by citing publishedworks, six (6) copies of which must be sent tothe Curator. If no report has been published,this requirement can be fulfilled by sending abrief (two or three page) report of the statusof the research. Unused and residual samplesshould be returned and data should be sent tothe Curator if the project has terminated. Pa-leontological materials may be returned eitherto the Curator at ODP or to one of the desig-nated paleontological reference centers. If ma-terial is returned to a reference center, notifythe Curator when it is sent.

Requests for samples from researchers in in-dustrial laboratories will be honored in thesame manner as those from academic organi-zations. Industrial investigators have the sameobligations as other investigators to publish allresults promptly in the open literature and toprovide the Curator with copies of all reportspublished and of all data acquired in their re-search.

In order to ensure that all requests for highlydesirable but limited samples can be consid-

ered together, approval of requests and distri-bution of samples will be delayed until twelve(12) months after completion of the cruise ortwo (2) months after official publication of thecore descriptions, whichever occurs earlier. Theonly exceptions to this policy will be made forspecific requests involving ephemeral proper-ties. Requests for samples may be based oncore descriptions published in ODP reportsproduced by the shipboard party, copies ofwhich are on file at various institutionsthroughout the world. Copies of original corelogs and data are kept on open file at ODP,and at the repositories at Lamont-Doherty Ge-ological Observatory and at Scripps Institu-tion of Oceanography.

B. Most investigations can be accomplished hand-ily with sample volumes of 10 ml or less. In-vestigators must provide explicit justificationof requests for larger sample sizes or for fre-quent intervals within a core. Requests whichexceed reasonable size or frequency limits willrequire explicit justifications and more time toprocess, and are unlikely to be granted in theirentirety.

Requests for samples from thin layers, fromstratigraphically important boundaries, fromsections which are badly depleted or in unusu-ally high demand may be delayed in order tocoordinate requests from several investigatorsor while the Curator seeks advice from thecommunity. Investigators who submit such re-quests may expect to receive suggestions foralternative sampling programs or that theyjoin a research consortium which will sharethe samples. In any event, such exceptional re-quests will require more time for processingthan will more routine requests.

Investigators who wish to study ephemeralproperties may request a waiver of the waitingperiod; however, such requests will be referredautomatically to the relevant co-chiefs. If ap-proved, the investigator will join the shore-based contributors to the shipboard scienceeffort, and will incur the obligations thereof(see section 1).

C. Samples will not be provided until the reques-tor assures the Curator that funding for theproposed research is available or unnecessary.If a sample request is dependent in any wayupon proposed funding, the Curator is pre-pared to provide the proposed funding organi-zation with information on the availability (orpotential availability) of suitable samples.

xvπi

D. Investigators who receive samples incur the fol-lowing obligations:(1) To publish significant results promptly;however, no contribution may be submitted forpublication prior to twelve (12) months fol-lowing the termination of the relevant leg un-less it is approved and authored by the entireshipboard party.

(2) To acknowledge in all publications that thesamples were supplied through the assistanceof the international Ocean Drilling Programand others as appropriate.(3) To submit six (6) copies of reprints of allpublished works to the Curator, Ocean Drill-ing Program, Texas A&M University, CollegeStation, Texas 77843-3469, U.S.A. These re-prints will be distributed to the repositories, tothe ship, to the National Science Foundation,and to the Curator's reprint file.(4) To submit all final analytical data obtainedfrom the samples to Data Base Manager, OceanDrilling Program, Texas A&M University, Col-lege Station, Texas 77843-3469, U.S.A. Pleaseconsult recent issues of the JOIDES Journalor call (409-845-2673) for information on ac-ceptable data formats. Investigators should beaware that they may have other data obliga-tions under NSF's Ocean Science Data Policyor under relevant policies of other fundingagencies which require submission of data tonational data centers.

(5) To return all unused or residual samples, ingood condition and with a detailed explana-tion of any processing they may have experi-enced, upon termination of the proposed re-search. In particular, all thin sections andsmear slides manufactured onboard the vesselor in the repositories are to be returned to theCurator. Paleontological materials may be re-turned either to the Curator at ODP or to oneof the designated paleontological reference cen-ters.

Failure to honor these obligations will preju-dice future applications for samples.

E. Cores are available for examination by inter-ested parties at the repositories. Investigatorsare welcome to visit the repositories in order toinspect cores and to specify sample locationswhen that is required for their research; how-ever, time and space in the workrooms are lim-ited, so advance appointments are required.Occasionally, the space may be fully bookedseveral weeks in advance, so investigators areurged to call for appointments well ahead in

order to avoid disappointment. Only the Cu-rator or his delegate may actually remove sam-ples from the cores.

F. A reference library of thin sections, smearslides, and archive photographs is maintainedin the repositories for the use of visting inves-tigators. All thin sections and smear slides pro-duced onboard the ship or in the repositoriesbelong to this library.

3. Distribution of Samples to Paleontological Refer-ence Centers

As a separate and special category of repository ac-tivity, selected samples are being distributed to pale-ontological reference centers, where the prepared ma-terial may be studied by visitors. As of this writing(mid-1984), Foraminifera and Calcareous Nannofos-sils can be viewed; Radiolaria and Diatoms will beprepared in the future. The present centers are ScrippsInstitution of Oceanography, California (W. R. Rie-del, tel. 619-452-4386); Basel Natural History Muse-um, Switzerland (J. B. Saunders, tel. 061-25.82.82);and New Zealand Geological Survey, Lower Hutt,New Zealand (A. R. Edwards, tel. 699.059). Futurecenters are likely to include Texas A&M University,College Station, Texas (S. Gartner, tel. 409-845-8479);Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.; Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory, Palisades, NewYork; and an as yet undesignated center in Japan.

Further details concerning the paleontological refer-ence centers are reported periodically in the JOIDESJournal.

4. Distribution of Samples for Educational PurposesSamples may be available in limited quantities to col-lege-level educators for teaching purposes. Interestededucators should request application forms from theCurator, Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A&M Uni-versity, College Station, Texas 77843-3469, U.S.A. Re-questors are required to specify preferred sample sizeand location, to make a very clear statement of thenature of the coursework in which the samples will beused, to explain how the core samples will be pre-pared and how they will be used in the classroom, toexplain in detail why they cannot use similar materi-als derived from outcrops or dredge hauls (it is NOTacceptable to argue that it requires less effort for therequestor to obtain samples from ODP than to as-semble them from other sources), and to certify thatfunds are available to prepare the materials for class-room use. In general, only samples of materials whichare abundant in the collection and which are in littledemand for research purposes should be requestedfor educational purposes. The Curator will not ap-

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prove requests for materials which are limited in sup-ply or for which demand (real or potential) is great,including most paleontological materials.

5. Distribution of DataThe Deep Sea Drilling Project and the Ocean DrillingProgram routinely capture much of the data gener-ated onboard ship and published in Program reports.Additionally, data supplied by investigators who havereceived samples are incorporated into the data bases,so data sets which are larger than can be publishedare available to investigators. Magnetics, downholelogging, seismic reflection, bathymetric data, and oth-er data collected by the drilling vessel become avail-able for distribution to investigators at the same timeas core samples.

At least through mid-1986, DSDP data will continueto be distributed by the Data Base Manager, DeepSea Drilling Project, A-031, University of California,San Diego, California 92093, U.S.A. A charge willbe made to recover expenses in excess of $50.00 in-curred in filling individual requests. If required, esti-mates of charges can be furnished before the work isperformed. As DSDP phases down, DSDP data willbe available primarily from the National GeophysicalData Center, Boulder, Colorado.Requests for ODP data should be addressed to theData Base Manager, Ocean Drilling Program, TexasA&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3469,U.S.A. Many varieties of DSDP data will be includedin ODP data bases. Information on sources of DSDPdata will be available from the ODP Data Base Man-ager.

xx

CONTENTSChapter Page Chapter Page

PART I: INTRODUCTION

1. INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES,TECHNIQUES, AND EXPLANATORYNOTESShipboard Scientific Party

PART II: SITE REPORTS

2. SITE 586: WESTERN EQUATORIALPACIFICShipboard Scientific Parties of Legs 89and 90

3. SITE 587: LANSDOWNE BANK, SOUTH-WEST PACIFICShipboard Scientific Party

19

115

4. SITE 588: LORD HOWE RISE, 26°S 139Shipboard Scientific Party





9. SITE 593: CHALLENGER PLATEAU 551Shipboard Scientific Party

10. SITE 594: CHATHAM RISE 653Shipboard Scientific Party

xxi

CONTENTS

Chapter

PART III: STRATIGRAPHIC ANDPALEONTOLOGIC STUDIES

11. PALEOGENE CALCAREOUS NANNO-PLANKTON FROM THE SOUTHWESTPACIFIC OCEAN, DEEP SEA DRILLINGPROJECT LEG 90E. Martini

12. CALCAREOUS NANNOPLANKTON BIO-STRATIGRAPHY OF THE SOUTHERNCORAL SEA, TASMAN SEA, ANDSOUTHWESTERN PACIFIC OCEAN,DEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECT LEG 90:NEOGENE AND QUATERNARYW. H. Lohman

13. CENOZOIC PLANKTONIC FORAMINI-FERS FROM THE EQUATOR TO THESUBANTARCTIC OF THE SOUTHWESTPACIFICD. G. Jenkins and M. S. Srinivasan

Page Chapter

20. BIOSTRATIGRAPHY AND BIOGEOGRA-PHY OF TERTIARY BATHYAL BENTHICFORAMINIFERS: TASMAN SEA, CORALSEA, AND ON THE CHATHAM RISE(DEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECT,LEG 90)

• 747 A. Boersma

21. NEOGENE BENTHIC FORAMINIFERS:DISTRIBUTION IN DEPTH TRAVERSE,SOUTHWEST PACIFICK. Kurihara and J. P. Kennett

Page

961

,1037

763

795

14. RADIOLARIANS FROM THE SOUTHWESTPACIFIC 835J. P. Caulet

15. MIDDLE MIOCENE TO QUATERNARYDIATOM BIOSTRATIGRAPHY OF DEEPSEA DRILLING PROJECT SITE 594,CHATHAM RISE, SOUTHWEST PACIFICP. F. Ciesielski

16. SILICOFLAGELLATES AND SOMESPONGE SPICULES FROM THE SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC, DEEP SEA DRILLINGPROJECT LEG 90S. Locker and E. Martini

22. PHYTOLITHS FROM THE SOUTHWESTPACIFIC, SITE 591 1079S. Locker and E. Martini

23. PALYNOLOGY OF SELECTED NEOGENESAMPLES FROM HOLES 594 AND 594A,CHATHAM RISE 1085L. E. Heusser

24. LATE PALEOGENE AND EARLY NEO-GENE FORAMINIFERS OF DEEP SEADRILLING PROJECT SITE 270, ROSSSEA, ANTARCTICA 1093R. M. Leckie and P.-N. Webb

17. MIOCENE SILICOFLAGELLATES FROMCHATHAM RISE, DEEP SEA DRILLINGPROJECT SITE 594D. Bukry

18. EBRIDIANS AND ACTINISCIDIANSFROM THE SOUTHWEST PACIFIC..S. Locker and E. Martini

19. QUATERNARY FISH OTOLITHS FROMSITES 587 AND 594, SOUTHWEST PA-CIFIC, DEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECTLEG 90E. Martini and P. A. M. Gaemers

. 863 PART IV: SEDIMENTOLOGY STUDIES

25. DISTRIBUTION AND CHARACTER OFPALE GREEN LAMINAE IN SEDIMENTFROM LORD HOWE RISE: A PROBABLELATE NEOGENE AND QUATERNARYTEPHROSTRATIGRAPHIC RECORD 1145J. V. Gardner, C. S. Nelson, and P. A. Baker

26. NATURE, CHEMISTRY, AND ORIGIN OFLATE CENOZOIC MEGASCOPIC TEPH-RAS IN LEG 90 CORES FROM THESOUTHWEST PACIFIC 1161C. S. Nelson, P. C. Froggatt, andG. J. Gosson

27. NATURE AND SIGNIFICANCE OFVOLCANOGENIC DEPOSITS AT THEEOCENE/OLIGOCENE BOUNDARY,HOLE 593, CHALLENGER PLATEAU,TASMAN SEA 1175C. S. Nelson, R. M. Briggs, andP. J. J. Kamp

887

925

939

953

iii

Chapter Page Chapter Page

28. BIOTURBATION IN MIDDLE BATHYAL,CENOZOIC NANNOFOSSIL OOZES ANDCHALKS, SOUTHWEST PACIFIC 1189C. S. Nelson

29. LATE NEOGENE AND QUATERNARYCOARSE-FRACTION AND CARBONATESTRATIGRAPHIES FOR SITE 586 ONONTONG-JAVA PLATEAU AND SITE 591ON LORD HOWE RISE 1201J. V. Gardner, W. E. Dean, L. Bisagno, andE. Hemphill

30. CENOZOIC EVOLUTION AND SIGNIFI-CANCE OF CLAY ASSOCIATIONS INTHE NEW ZEALAND REGION OF THESOUTHWEST PACIFIC, DEEP SEADRILLING PROJECT, LEG 90C. Robert, R. Stein, and M. Acquaviva

31. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CALCARE-OUS SEDIMENTS FROM THE SOUTH-WEST PACIFICR. H. Morin

37 GEOTHERMAL MEASUREMENTS ATDEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECT SITE 587 . .1317R. H. Morin and R. P. Von Herzen

38. SEISMIC STRATIGRAPHY AND STRUC-TURE ADJACENT TO AN EVOLVINGPLATE BOUNDARY, WESTERN CHAT-HAM RISE, NEW ZEALAND 1325K. B. Lewis, D. J. Bennett, R. H. Herzer,and C. C. von der Borch

39. SEISMIC STRATIGRAPHY OF THE NEO-GENE SEQUENCE AT SITE 587 1339A. Mignot and A. Mauffret

PART V: GEOCHEMICAL STUDIES

32. PORE-WATER CHEMISTRY OF CARBON-ATE-RICH SEDIMENTS, LORD HOWERISE, SOUTHWEST PACIFIC OCEAN 1249P. A. Baker

33. 87Sr/86Sr RATIOS OF PLANKTONIC FOR-AMINIFERS AND INTERSTITIAL WA-TERS, DEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECTLEG 90, SITE 593J. Hess and J.-G. Schilling

PART VII: PALEOCEANOGRAPHIC STUDIES

1225 40. DEVELOPMENT OF LATITUDINALTHERMAL GRADIENTS DURING THEOLIGOCENE: OXYGEN-ISOTOPE EVI-DENCE FROM THE SOUTHWESTPACIFICM. G. Murphy and J. P. Kennett

41. LATE NEOGENE PALEOCEANO-GRAPHIC EVOLUTION OF SITE 590:SOUTHWEST PACIFICK. M. Elmstrom and J. P. Kennett

.1347,1239

.1361

.1257

34. 3HE/4HE RATIOS OF PORE GASES INDEEP-SEA SEDIMENTS, LEGS 89 AND 90 . .1261H. Wakita, Y. Sano, N. Fujii, andA. Takeuchi

35. DIAGENESIS OF ORGANIC COM-POUNDS IN HOLE 593, LEG 90(TASMAN SEA) 1265B. Mycke, K.-C. Emeis, and E. T. Degens

PART VI. GEOPHYSICAL STUDIES

36. PALEOMAGNETISM OF SEDIMENTSCOLLECTED DURING LEG 90, SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC 1273C. E. Barton and J. Bloemendal

42. MIOCENE TO EARLY PLIOCENE OXY-GEN AND CARBON ISOTOPE STRATIG-RAPHY IN THE SOUTHWEST PACIFIC,DEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECT LEG 90 ,J. P. Kennett

43. QUATERNARY ISOTOPE STRATIGRA-PHY OF HOLE 593, CHALLENGER PLA-TEAU, SOUTH TASMAN SEA: PRELIMI-NARY OBSERVATIONS BASED ONFORAMINIFERS AND CALCAREOUSNANNOFOSSILSC. S. Nelson, C. H. Hendy, andW. C. Dudley

44. LATE QUATERNARY CARBONATE ANDISOTOPE STRATIGRAPHY, SUBANTARC-TIC SITE 594, SOUTHWEST PACIFICC. S. Nelson, C. H. Hendy,A. M. Cuthbertson, and G. R. Jarrett

45. SILICICLASTIC SEDIMENTS ATSITES 588, 590, AND 591: NEOGENEAND PALEOGENE EVOLUTION IN THESOUTHWEST PACIFIC AND AUSTRA-LIAN CLIMATER. Stein and C. Robert

.1383

.1413

.1425

.1437

IV

Chapter Page

PART VIII: SYNTHESES

46.

47.

BIOSTRATIGRAPHIC SYNTHESIS OFDEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECT LEG 90IN THE SOUTHWEST PACIFIC OCEAN .E. Martini and D. G. Jenkins

.1459

LITHOSTRATIGRAPHY OF DEEP SEADRILLING PROJECT LEG 90 DRILLSITES IN THE SOUTHWEST PACIFIC:AN OVERVIEW 1471C. S. Nelson

48. SOUTHWEST PACIFIC CENOZOICPALEOCEANOGRAPHY 1493J. P. Kennett and C. C. von der Borch

BACK POCKET FIGURES

CHAPTER 15: FIGURE 3. POSITIONS OF SE-LECTED DIATOM, RADIOLARIAN, SILI-COFLAGELLATE, AND FORAMINIF-ERAL DATUMS IN THE LATE MIOCENEAND PLIOCENE TO QUATERNARY OFHOLES 594 AND 594A AND THEIRCORRELATION TO PALEOMAGNETICSTRATIGRAPHY.

CHAPTER 15: FIGURE 4. POSITIONS OF SE-LECTED DIATOM, RADIOLARIAN, SILI-COFLAGELLATE, AND CALCAREOUSNANNOFOSSIL DATUMS IN THE MID-DLE TO LATE MIOCENE OF HOLES 594AND 594A AND THEIR CORRELATIONTO PALEOMAGNETIC STRATIGRAPHY.

CHAPTER 38: FIGURE 5. TRACINGS OFGLOMAR CHALLENGER TRANSIT PRO-FILES BETWEEN COOK STRAIT ANDSITE 594 EAST OF NEW ZEALAND,SHOWING MAIN SEISMIC SEQUENCES,FAULTS, AND UNCONFORMITIES.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The success of Leg 90 of the Deep Sea Drilling Project was due to the dedication and skill of manyindividuals, a few of whom are noted here. We thank Robert Douglas, who guided the JOIDESOcean Paleoenvironmental Panel, and Edward Winterer, Chairman of the JOIDES Planning Com-mittee, for their assistance during the planning stage. Karl Hinz and Fred Davey kindly providedsome single and multichannel seismic data of use during site selection.

At sea, Captain Joseph Clarke and the crew of the Glomar Challenger were at all times most help-ful in assuring the success of Leg 90. Special thanks go to David Huey, DSDP Cruise OperationsManager, for his constant sound advice, his sense of humor, and his skill and tenacity in the first suc-cessful deployment of the Extended Core Barrel (XCB) that contributed so much to the quality of thecores recovered.

The total length of core recovered during Leg 90 was in excess of 3700 m, the record for DSDP,and a length equal to eight times the height of the Empire State Building. The processing of so muchcore material required considerable hard work and endurance by the shipboard scientific party, in-cluding the technical staff headed by laboratory officer Dennis Graham, and including marine tech-nicians Craig Hallman, Blair McKay, Will Sooter, and Thomas Witte; curatorial representative Rob-ert Hayman; and photographer Victor Sotelo. We thank them. Yeoperson Joanne Collins was mostefficient and helpful in processing the voluminous shipboard reports.

We also wish to thank Yves Lancelot, Melvin Peterson, and Matt Salisbury of DSDP headquar-ters, La Jolla, for being so helpful during the entire Leg 90 period of planning, execution, and publi-cation.

We are particularly indebted to Jan Blakeslee for her high level of professionalism and hard worktoward the preparation of these volumes. She was assisted by Carol Bertling, Mary Young-Tardiff,Virginia Roman, and Alice Thompson, among others.

At the University of Rhode Island JPK was assisted in a number of ways by Tom Glancy, NancyMeader, Robin Ross, and Karin Nelson.

The authors and editors of this volume thank the following scientists (and several others whochose to remain anonymous) for performing critical reviews of manuscript published herein:

Paul Baker; Jack Baldauf; John Barron; Keir Becker; David Bukry; Lloyd Burckle; Bruce Corliss;Fred Duennebier; A. A. Ekoale; David Fisher; P. Gaemers; Steve Gartner; Joris Gieskes; James Gill;A. M. Gombos; J. R. Hein; Thomas Janacek; David Johnson; Lloyd Keigwin; Gerta Keller; D. B.Kent; Tom Loutit; William Melson; Kenneth Miller; Joseph Morley; James Natland; Catherine Ni-grini; S. Norton; Neil Opdyke; William Orr; Amanda Palmer; Martin Palmer; K. Perch-Nielsen; S.F. Percival; Nicklas G. Pisias; Richard Poore; Warren Prell; Johanna Resig; Detmar Schnitker; Cyn-thia Shaw; Bernie Simoneit; Lisa Tauxe; T. L. Valuer; Ted Van Vleet; Herman Zimmerman.

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