TOPManualV2

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TOP

The Output Processor

User's Guide

Version 2.10.41

December 1995


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Legal Notice

Copyright 1994 Electrotek Concepts, Inc.

Information contained in this document is subject to change without

notice. The software described in this document is furnished under anondisclosure agreement. No part of this document may be reproduced,

transmitted, transcribed, translated, or stored in a retrieval system in any

form.

Printed in the United States of America.

TOP, The Output Processorand SuperHarm

are registered trademarks

of Electrotek Concepts, Inc. No investigation has been made of

trademark rights to any term used in this document. Known trademarks

are acknowledged below.

V-HARMis a registered trademark of Cooper Power Systems, Inc.

Microsoftand Windows

are registered trademarks of Microsoft

Corporation. IBMis a trademark of International Business Machines

Corporation. In this document, DOS and OS/2 refer to both the

Microsoft and IBM versions of these operating systems.

Credits

Program Author: Erich W. Gunther

Users Guide Authors: Afroz Khan

Rory Dwyer

Tom Grebe

Erich W. Gunther


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Abstract

Visualization of simulation results from time and

frequency domain programs and measurement data froma variety of monitoring systems is now available in a

personal computer-based (PC), graphical user interface

(GUI). Waveform and tabular data from multiple

simulation programs and monitoring devices can be

displayed simultaneously. Post processing of simulation

and measurement data using commonly needed

mathematical/statistical functions allows engineers to

easily integrate, compare, and visualize power system

data from several different sources. This User's Guide

describes the Windows based output processor - TOP.

Electrotek Support

TOP, The Output Processor is supported by Electrotek

Concepts, Inc.

Today, Electrotek works with a nationwide pool of clientsincluding electric utilities, equipment vendors, and

research organizations bringing together the expertise

necessary to assess the requirements for integrating newconcepts and technologies into the electric power system.

Electrotek has the capabilities required for specialized

engineering consulting services, equipment design and

procurement, and implementation of software and

hardware systems to meet electric utility industry needs.

For TOPSupport, Contact:

Electrotek Concepts, Inc.10305 Dutchtown Road, Suite 103

Knoxville, TN 37932(800) 554-4767 or (615) 675-1500

Fax (615) 966-5497

480 San Antonio Road, Suite 200

Mountain View, CA 94040

(415) 941-2986

Fax (415) 941-7092


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I N T R O D U C T I O N ................................................................................i-1

Getting Started............................................................................................. i-1What is TOP?............................................................................................ i-3TOP's Data Capabilities........................................................................... i-3

Data Management Capability............................................................. i-4Data Display Capability ...................................................................... i-4Data Processing Capability ................................................................. i-5Data Formatting Capability................................................................ i-6Data Sharing Capability ..................................................................... i-7

What Programs / Monitors Work With TOP? ......................................... i-7How to Use This Manual ......................................................................... i-7

Introduction.......................................................................................... i-7Using TOP............................................................................................ i-7Stack Management .............................................................................. i-7Working with Graphs .......................................................................... i-8

Working with Tables............................................................................ i-8Common Procedures ............................................................................ i-8

Installing the Software ............................................................................ i-9Running SETUP .................................................................................. i-9

Using Microsoft Windows ...................................................................... i-10Quick Tour..............................................................................................I-16

C H A P T E R 1 ............................................................................................ 1-1

Using TOP ................................................................................................... 1-1Starting the TOP Program ..................................................................... 1-3Setting Display Preferences ................................................................... 1-4

The Status Line................................................................................... 1-5The Ribbon .......................................................................................... 1-6Modifying the Preferences.................................................................. 1-6

Creating Graphs and Tables .................................................................. 1-7Opening a Data File............................................................................ 1-7Loading Data onto the Stack.............................................................. 1-8Discarding Data From the Stack ....................................................... 1-9Creating a Quick Graph ................................................................ 1-10

Utilizing a TOP Table....................................................................... 1-12Printing.................................................................................................. 1-14

Printer Set Up................................................................................... 1-14Page Layout....................................................................................... 1-15Printing TOP Displays ..................................................................... 1-15

Using the Help System ......................................................................... 1-16Using TOP with other Applications ..................................................... 1-17

Copying to the Windows Clipboard................................................. 1-17


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Clearing the Clipboard ..................................................................... 1-18Pasting Data from the Clipboard..................................................... 1-18Exporting to a Disk File ................................................................... 1-18

Using TOP Utilities............................................................................... 1-20Building an EMTP SOS File ............................................................ 1-21

Starting a Word Processor................................................................ 1-22Starting a Spreadsheet..................................................................... 1-22Starting a Calculator........................................................................ 1-23

Viewing a Text File........................................................................... 1-23

C H A P T E R 2 ............................................................................................ 2-1

Stack Management...................................................................................... 2-1What is the Stack? .................................................................................. 2-3Stack Object Identifiers .......................................................................... 2-4

Raw Objects (loaded directly from output files) ................................ 2-5Derived Objects (produced by TOPCalc)............................................ 2-5

Modifying Stack Objects ......................................................................... 2-5Base Quantities Option ...................................................................... 2-5Units Option........................................................................................ 2-6

Using TOPCalc........................................................................................ 2-7The Procedure ................................................................................... 2-10Single Argument Operations............................................................ 2-11Fourier Transforms........................................................................... 2-13Statistical Functions......................................................................... 2-18

Mixed Argument Operations............................................................ 2-19

C H A P T E R 3 ............................................................................................ 3-1

Working With Graphs................................................................................. 3-1Background ............................................................................................. 3-3Using New Graph.................................................................................... 3-4Frame Management................................................................................ 3-5Formatting Top Graphs.......................................................................... 3-6

Graph Scaling ..................................................................................... 3-6

Zooming with the Mouse .................................................................... 3-9Grid Options...................................................................................... 3-10Label Options.................................................................................... 3-11Graph Annotation............................................................................. 3-12Data Block......................................................................................... 3-14Graph Legend ................................................................................... 3-15Graphical Animation ........................................................................ 3-17


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C H A P T E R 4 ............................................................................................ 4-1

Working with Tables ................................................................................... 4-1What Types of Tables are Available?..................................................... 4-3Using Tables............................................................................................ 4-4

Editing Tables..................................................................................... 4-4Creating a Table...................................................................................... 4-6Curve Minimum and Maximum............................................................. 4-8

Waveform Summary........................................................................... 4-9Waveform Data Points...................................................................... 4-10Frequency Domain Data................................................................... 4-11Harmonic Summary Table ............................................................... 4-12Magnitude vs. Switch Operation...................................................... 4-13IEEE 519 Current Limits ................................................................. 4-14

C H A P T E R 5 ............................................................................................ 5-1

Common Procedures.................................................................................... 5-1Graphical Manipulations........................................................................ 5-3

Multiple Graphs in a Single Frame................................................... 5-3Multiple Graphs in the Same Window .............................................. 5-4

Base Quantities Example ..................................................................... 5-12Harmonic (H pu) to Hertz (Hz) ....................................................... 5-12Per-Unitizing..................................................................................... 5-14

TOP Calc Examples .............................................................................. 5-18

Spectrum to Waveform..................................................................... 5-18Waveform to Spectrum..................................................................... 5-21Line-Ground to Line-Line................................................................. 5-26Energy Calculation........................................................................... 5-28

New Graph Features............................................................................. 5-30RX Locus Plots .................................................................................. 5-30

A P PE N D I X A .........................................................................................A-1

TOP Data Filters .........................................................................................A-1

COMTRADE Objects ..........................................................................A-3EMTP Objects .....................................................................................A-5HarmFlo Objects.................................................................................A-7SuperHarm Objects ............................................................................A-8

V-HARM Objects...............................................................................A-12Dranetz Objects.................................................................................A-13PQNode Objects ................................................................................A-15Square D Objects ..............................................................................A-16


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TOP, The Output Processer is a registered trademark of Electrotek Concepts, Inc.

I N T R O D U C T I O N

Getting Started

This introduction serves as a starting point for those users who are not

familiar with TOP, The Output Processor(hereafter referred to as

TOP). The following sections provide an overview of the program

including the powerful main features which comprise TOPand how to

run them in coordination with other Windows Applications.

This chapter also describes in a step by step procedure, how to setup

TOP to run, including hardware and software requirements. For

those users ready to start using TOPimmediately, the final section inthis introduction is a quick tour of the program highlighting the

necessities as well as the most common applications for TOP.

In This Chapter

What is TOP?

TOPs Program Structure TOPs Data Capabilities What Programs/Monitors

Work with TOP?

How to Use this Manual

Installing the Software Using Microsoft Windows Quick Tour


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i - 2 TOP Users Guide

Electrotek Concepts, Inc.


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Getting Started i - 3



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What is TOP?

TOP is an acronym for The Output Processor and is responsible for

the visualization of data from time and frequency domain solvers and

monitoring systems. The Microsoft Windows operating environment

was chosen for TOP due to its popularity, GUI, multitasking ability,

ease of use, and inherent capability to facilitate data sharing between

applications.

TOPsupports many different data formats including:

COMTRADE (IEEE Std C37.111-1991)

EPRI/DCG EMTP for OS/2 and Windows

ATP (Alternative Transients Program)

HARMFLO for Windows SuperHarm (HarmFlo+ Workstation)

V-HARM

Specific Measuring Devices

TOP has been designed using an open architecture to accommodate

additional data input filters. The Windows Dynamic Link Library

(DLL) mechanism allows a third party to write a module that

translates data from a specific format into the format required by

TOP. TOP requires a 80386, 80486 or Pentium based personal

computer using Microsoft Windows version 3.1 or greater.

TOP's Data Capabil it ies

This section will provide a detailed account of TOPs main

methodology towards data handling. The following processing

capabilities will be introduced:

Data Management

Data Display

Data Processing

Data Formatting Data Sharing

These capabilities will be discussed in detail in Chapters 1 - 4.


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Data Management Capabil ityTOPuses a method of data management called the stack to simplify

handling of data from various sources. The stack holds the data

selected by the user from each source file. This process is analogous to

selecting a file folder from a file cabinet, selecting specific papers in

the file that are of interest, and piling them in a stack on your desk.

The stack concept is described in Chapter 2and is summarized as:

1. The user selects the file that contains the data to be displayed.

2. TOPthen provides a dialog box which displays all of the quantities

available in the current file.

3. The user selects the items of interest which TOPloads into

memory. The user may reactivate the dialog box at any time and

load more data objects onto the stack. The user may also select

another file at any time and load data from that file onto the stack.The result is a stack of data objects of different types and origins

that are available for display.

Data Display CapabilityTOPprovides a variety of ways to visualize the data of interest in the

form of tables and graphs. Display options include:

Waveform and Spectrum Plots

Frequency Response Plots

Summary TablesWaveform Summary and Data Points

Frequency Domain Data

Harmonic Summary Data

Magnitude vs. Switch Operation

IEEE 519 Current Limits

Summary Bar/Column Charts

Cumulative Probability Charts

Probability Density Charts

Graphical Animation

TOP utilizes Microsoft's Multiple Document Interface (MDI) standardto allow a user to view several different plots in multiple windows

simultaneously. The user can move, size, and arrange the windows on

the screen as desired. Any window can be printed with a simple menu

option. In addition, TOP does not need to be updated every time a

new hardcopy device is installed. This is due to the fact that

printer/plotter support is provided through the Windows environment.


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TOP uses windows and frames to display selected data. Frames

include multiple sets of axes in one window. One advantage of this

option is that measured and simulated data can be displayed in the

same window. For printing, each window corresponds to a

(printed/plotted) page.

Data Processing CapabilityA very useful post processing feature in TOPis called TOPCalc. This

feature allows a user to perform mathematical operations on the

various data objects supported by the program. Operations include:

Addition, subtraction, multiplication, division

Inversion, negate, absolute value

Fast & discrete Fourier transformers (FFT, DFT)

Inverse transform (IDFT)

Power, energy and I2

T Integration, square, square root

X-Y combine

Filter (high, low pass), time shift

V, I, and power dB ratio

Cumulative probability, probability distribution

This facility provides a means for creating new stack objects by

specifying mathematical operations to be performed on existing

objects. Objects derived through TOPCalc are identical to raw data

loaded from input files and can be used as arguments for subsequent

TOPCalc operations. TOPCalc requires one or two arguments,depending on the operation selected. Argument #1 is always a stack

object. Argument #2, if required, is usually an object, but may be a

constant. Simple single argument operations include invert (1/X),

negate (-X), square (X2), square root (X), and absolute value (|X|).Mixed argument operations include addition, subtraction,

multiplication, division, power, energy, dB ratio, and X-Y combine. In

addition, TOPCalc includes several sophisticated mathematical

operations. The filter operation provides high pass, low pass, band

pass, and band reject options. The FFT operation performs a Fast

Fourier Transform on the desired waveform. The FFT operation

includes both single and sliding options as well as control over the

weighting function window. The sliding FFT option is used to produce

a trend object of a single harmonic vs. time.


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Data Formatting CapabilityTOPprovides the capability to format the data display based on user

preferences. Functions under user control include:

Base quantities (per unitizing) Units (axis labels and multipliers i.e. kA)

Data, comment, and annotation blocks

Display colors

Axis scaling, grid lines, labels

The Set Per-Unit Base Quantities option allows the user to control

scaling for each stack object individually. This command may seem

redundant, given that TOPCalc allows division by a constant; however,

the effect is not the same because TOPCalc creates a new object while

base quantities acts directly upon the selected object. This feature isuseful for displaying measured and simulated data on the same axis.

Another TOP function available to the user is the units command.

This option is used when the user needs to assign a different set of

units to the displayed object. Although TOP automatically assigns

units to the X and Y variables of an object when it is created (load from

input file), there are instances when the user will need to change the

values. An example of this is energy in an EMTP PL4 file. Due the

structure of an EMTP output file, TOP assumes that the object is a

current and the user must change the Y axis display from Current to

When TOP loads a stack object it prepares information for a data

block. The contents of the data block varies depending on the object

and input file type. As an example, the data block for a simulated dc

drive harmonic spectrum would include the following information:

Freq: 60 (fundamental freq)

Fund: 293.9 (fundamental value)

THD: 35.2 (harmonic distortion)

RMSh: 103.5 (harmonic rms)

RMS: 311.6 (total rms)ASUM: 455.1 (arithmetic sum)

TIF: 353.1 (telephone influence)

TOP also provides the user with the flexibility to control the display

colors, X and Y axis zooming (keyboard or mouse controlled), tick

marks and grid lines, and axis labels.


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Data Sharing CapabilityThe data being visualized in a window can be exported to a variety of

other file formats, including:

Windows Metafile (.WMF)

Comma Separated Variable (.CSV)

IEEE COMTRADE (.CFG)

In addition, the Windows Clipboard can be used to transfer formatted

graphs to many other Windows applications.

What Programs / Monitors Work With TOP?

Small auxiliary programs, called data filters, allow TOP to read

various output files created by a number of simulation programs and

monitoring devices. Which data filters are included with your versionof TOP depends on the filter option(s) that you purchased with the

program.

If your version of TOP is unable to read files from a program that it

should be able to support, check your TOP directory for the

appropriate data filter. The data files can be found in the TOP

program directory with the .TDF (TOP Data File) extension.

How to Use This Manual

This User's Guide is divided into the following parts:

IntroductionThis chapter contains an overview of the program. A quick tour is

included for users who want to get started with TOPright away.

Using TOPThis chapter contains information pertaining to the usage and

configuration of the program.

Stack ManagementThis chapter discusses how to open simulation and measurement

program output files, and how to retrieve quantities of interest from

them. It also covers how to per unitize quantities, and how to create

new quantities with TOPCalc. All TOPusers, beginning or advanced,

need to understand stack management operations - read this


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chapter in detail. A detailed section on the data filters available is

included here.

Working with GraphsThis chapter explains the various types of TOPdisplays, how to create

them, and how to manipulate them. Beginners should becomecomfortable with the Quick Graphoption before moving on to the more

advanced options.

Working wi th TablesTabulating harmonic summaries, frequency scans, transient peak

magnitudes and other data is covered in this chapter. Like the

advanced graphing options, new users can defer this topic.

Common ProceduresThis chapter outlines in a step by step procedure common applications

performed in TOP. This includes applications in TOP Calc as well as

using the New Graphfeature.


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Installing the Software

Before you install TOP, insure that you have the proper equipment

and system software. TOP is a Windows protected-mode application.

This requires Microsoft Windows version 3.1 or later, 80386, 80486, or

Pentium based machine. 80386 based machines must have a numeric

coprocessor (80387 or equivalent).

Your machine should be equipped with at least 4 Mbytes of memory.

Depending on how you use Windows, additional memory may be

required to achieve optimum performance. Your graphics adapter,

printer, and pointing device (mouse) should be Windows compatible.

The full installation (including benchmark cases) of TOP will take

approximately 5 Mbytes of hard disk space.

Running SETUPThe following steps should be followed to install TOP:

1. Place the TOPsetup disk #1 in one of your machine's floppy drives

(the following steps assume A drive).

2. Start Windows, if not already running, and open the Windows

Program Manager FileMenu.

3. Select Run, then typeA:\SETUP. When prompted, select the

Continuebutton to begin the installation.

4. The Setup program prompts you to specify the drive and directory

in which to install TOP. The default is C:\ETKPROG\TOP. Select

OKto continue the installation.

5. When prompted, replace Setup disk #1 with disk #2.

6. This version of TOPinstalls all filters when the program is first

installed. There is no need to install any additional files.

7. The Setup program will create a new program group (Simulation

Tools) containing the TOPicon.


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Using Microsoft Windows

The following section provides an overview on the types of commands

available with the Windows workstation and how they can be applied

to TOP. The different areas of features illustrated are:

Menu Commands

Dialog Box Commands

Display Window Commands


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Operation

Menu Commands

Open a menu

menu

bar

Click the title on the

menu bar. To click

an object means to

point to the object

using the mouse, then

rapidly press and

release the left mouse

button.

Press and hold the Alt

key, then press the

letter that is

underlined in the

title. For example,

press Alt+F to open

the Filemenu.

Choose an item from a menu Click the item.

The three dots afterPreferences indicate

that more data is

needed. If you select

the item, TOP will

display a dialog box so

that you can enter the

required information.

Use the key to moveto the item, then press

Enter.

Or

Press the key for the

underlined letter in the

item name. For

example, press C for

Copy.

Dialog Box Commands

A Typical

Dialog BoxList

Box

Radio

Buttons

Buttons

Text

Boxes


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Operation

Dialog Box Commands, continued

Select a Button

Framed Button

Click the button Press Tab/Shift+Tab to

select (button becomes

framed), then press

Enter.

Or



button name, if any.

Select/unselect an item in a list box Click the item to select

(becomes highlighted);

click highlighted item

to unselect.

The list box may or

may not allow more

than one item to be

selected.

Press Tab/Shift+Tab

to move to the list.

Or


underlined letter in

the check box name.

Use keys to moveto desired item.

Press spacebar to

select/unselect.

Select a radio button Click button to select

Click another button tounselect. (Radio button

options are mutually

exclusive - only one

button can be selected.)

Press Tab/Shift+Tab

to move to the group.

Use keys to moveto the desired button.

Or



button name.

Set or clear a check box Click the box to set

(check) or clear

(uncheck).

Press Tab/Shift+Tab

to move to the group.

Use keys to move

to the check box.

Press spacebar to set

or clear.

Or



check box name.


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Operation

Dialog Box Commands, continued

Enter data in text box Click box.

Type/edit data.

Press Tab/Shift+Tab

to move to group

containing text box.

Use keys to moveto text box.

Type/edit data.

Or



text box name.

Use a combinationtext/drop-down list box

SuperHarm Output

Select Files of Type:

Click text box to enterdata or click to openlist box.

Press Tab/Shift+Tabto move to text box.

Type/edit data.

Or

Press Alt+ to openlist box.

Press Alt+/Alt+ tomove to item in list.

Press spacebar to

select/unselect.

Display Window Commands

Open the Control menu

Control menu button

Click the control menu

button.

Press Alt+Hyphen.

Move a window Drag the window title

bar. To drag an object

means to point to the

object, press and hold

the left button, point tothe desired location,

then release the button.

Open Control menu.

Select Move. (Cursor

changes to four-

headed arrow.)

Use keys tomove window.

Press Enter toconfirm or Esc to

cancel.


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Operation

Display Window Commands, continued

Change window size Drag side frame to

change width. Drag

top/bottom frame to

change height. Drag

corner to change width

and height in same

proportion.

Open Control menu.

Select Size. (Cursor

changes to four-

headed arrow.)

Use keys toselect frame. (Cursor

changes to two-

headed arrow.)

Use keys tomove frame.

Press Enter, orcancel with Esc.

Maximize a window

Maximize button

Click Maximize button Open Control menu.

SelectMaximize.

Return maximized window to original size

Restore

ButtonTOP's control menu button

Display window's control menu button

Click Restore button. Open Controlmenu.

Select Restore.

Note: When a display

window is maximized,

its control menu buttonis located underneath

the TOP control menu

button, as shown.

Select the lowerbutton.

Scroll through a table

ScrollBars

Scroll Up Button

Scroll Box ("Thumb")

Scroll Down Button

Click the appropriate

arrow to scroll up,

down or across.

Click Scroll Up,

Scroll Down, Scroll

Left, or Scroll Right

button to move a line

or column at a time.

To scroll several linesor columns at once,

drag the appropriate

thumb, or click the

appropriate scroll bar

between the thumb

and the button of the

desired direction.


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Operation

Display Window Commands, continued

Minimize a window (to an icon)

Minimize button

Click Minimize button. Open Controlmenu.

Select Minimize.

Restore an icon to window Double-click desired

icon. (To double click

an object means to

point to the object thenclick the left button

twice in rapid

succession.)

Use Ctrl+Tab to move

to desired icon.

Open Control menu.

Select Restore.

Make a window the activewindow*

D E R I V E D > B U S B ( T y p e 1 )

Click on an exposed

part of window. If no

part of window is

visible, use procedure

described for keyboard.

Open Windowmenu

Select title of window

* Although many windows can be displayed on the desktop, only one can receive commands - the

active window. The active window is recognized on the desktop by its highlighted title bar, and in

the Windowmenu by a check mark beside the widow title.

Organize windows on the desktop Open Windowmenu.

Select Cascade (windows overlap) or Tile.

Close a window

Control menu button

Double-click Control

menu button.

Open Control menu.

Select Close.


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Quick Tour

The remainder of this introduction is a quick overview of the

fundamentals necessary to begin using TOP now. The following

features are briefly introduced.

Starting TOP

Opening an Output File

Placing Objects on the Stack

Using TOPCalc

Creating a Graph

Getting Help

Printing

Closing TOP

More advanced features and details for each of the above subjects can

be seen in the following chapters.


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Start ing TOP

If the TOPicon is visible on the Program Manager desktop. (Arrangement varies; an

example of the desktop is shown below.)

Double-click the TOP icon. You can also start TOP from the programs thatsupport TOPdirectly (HarmFlo+ and the EMTP for Windows workstation). Start

the workstation by double-clicking its icon, then double-click the TOP icon in the

workstation window.

If the TOPicon is not visible on the Program Managerdesktop:

Use the keyboard procedure on the following page.


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Starting TOP, cont. Open the Program Manager File menu

Select Run. You are prompted for a program name:

Type the full path name for TOP.EXE. (It is not necessary to include the EXE

extension.) Unless you specified otherwise when installing the EMTP for

Windows or HarmFlo+ workstation, the path will be c:\etkprog\top\top.exe.

Select the OKbutton.

Opening an Output F ile

Open the Filemenu.

Select Open. The following dialog box is displayed:

Use the List Files of Typelist box to select IEEE COMTRADE CFG Files

Use the Drivesand Directorieslist boxes to select the top\examples subdirectory

under the etkprog directory.

In the list box under the File Nametext box, double-click fdr25kv.cfg. If you do

not have a mouse, select this file in the list box, or type the file name in the text

box; then select OK.


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Placing Objects On The Stack

Now that the output file has been opened, you can retrieve node voltages, branch

currents, and other quantities contained in the file. Quantities that you select are

placed in a holding queue called thestack.

Quantities that are obtained directly from an output file are called raw objects, as

distinguished from derivedobjects, which we will discuss in the next step.

After selecting OK in the File Open dialog box, TOP immediately displays the

Stack Load dialog box. As illustrated below, each simulation and measurement

program supported by TOPhas its own Stack Loaddialog box.:

IEEE COMTRADE Dialog Box

Select desired quantities from the Quantitieslist box.

Select OK.


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Using TOP Calc

TOP Calc allows you to derive new stack objects by specifying mathematical

operations to be performed on existing stack objects.

Example 1

Given: Measurements of Phase A and Phase B voltages.

Find: Phase C voltage by adding the Phase A and Phase B voltage

waveforms and then negating the result.

Open the Stackmenu.

Select TOP Calc. The following dialog box is displayed:

Select 1_A (WAVE) (phase A Voltage) as Argument #1

Select the Curve option in the upper right corner of the TOPCalc dialog box.

Select 3_A (WAVE) (phase B Voltage) as Argument #2

Select Addin the Operationslist box.

Select the Dobutton to create the new object.


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Using TOP Calc, cont.

Note: The new object is distinguished from the other objects in the list by the

DERIVED tag in its name

Rename the DERIVED solution to a unique name at the Name fields. (PhaseC)

Select Negatein the Operationslist box.

Select the Dobutton to create the new object.

Select the Exitbutton to exit the dialog box.


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Creating a Graph

In this step, we will display a plot of our derived object.

Open the Graphmenu.

Select Quick Graph. The following dialog box is displayed:

Select the derived object, (1_A)(PhaseC) in the list box as well as the Phase A

(1_A) and Phase B(3_A) waveforms.

Select OK.

TOPopens a display window and creates the graph with all three phases overlaid.


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Getting Help

TOPsupports the standard Windows help facility. There are two ways to get help.

If a menu or dialog box is open:

Press F1. This opens the help index to the section covering the open menu or

dialog box.

Otherwise:

Select the Help button on the ribbon:

or

Open the Helpmenu.

Select the desired topic.

To exit the help system, use the procedure described below for closing TOP.

Press F1.

Use Tab/Shift+Tab to select the desired topic, then press Enter.

To exit the help system, use the procedure described below for closing TOP.

Printing

There are several ways of printing TOP displays. The method shown here is the

easiest - direct printing of a single display window.

Open the Filemenu.

Select Print Active.

Closing TOP

Double click the Control menu button, or

Open the Control menu and select Close, or

Open the Filemenu and select Exit.

Press Alt+F4, or

Press Alt+Spacebar to open the Control menu, then select Close, or

Open the Filemenu and select Exit.

Help, Index

Button


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C H A P T E R 1

Using TOPThis chapter describes the main features available in TOPand how torun them under Windows, including how to tailor the display setupsfor individual needs. Commonly utilized features such as printing,creating graphical outputs and TOPs expanded Help System arediscussed in detail.

TOPs utilities are introduced in detail at the end of this chapter. Thisconsists of; Building an EMTP SOS file, Starting a Calculator,

Starting a Word Processor, Starting a Spreadsheet, and Viewing aText File.

In This Chapter

Starting the TOPProgram

Setting the DisplayPreferences

Creating Graphs and Tables Printing with TOP

Using the Help System Using TOPwith other

Applications Using TOPUtilities


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Using TOP 1 - 3


Starting the TOP Program

The TOPprogram is started by double clicking on the TOPicon or theTOP.EXE program listed in the Windows File Manager program.Figure 1.1 illustrates the most common method (icon) for startingTOP.

Figure 1.1 - The TOP Program Icon

The required information for creating a TOP icon is provided in thefigure below. The illustrated dialog box is obtained by selecting theFile, New..., Program Item option from the Windows ProgramManager. The entire path name (i.e. D:\ETKPROG\TOP\) should beincluded in the command line.

Figure 1.2 - Creating the TOP Icon

The TOPinstallation program will install the software and create thenecessary program group (Simulation Tools) and icon.

Now that we have successfully installed TOP onto our WindowsWorkstation we can activate the program by double clicking on theTOP icon or single clicking on it and hitting the enter key.

TOPTOP


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1 - 4 TOP Users Guide

ElectrotekConcepts, Inc.

Figure 1.3 - TOP's Startup Window

Upon activation of the program, the above screen appears. TheAboutTOP. . . box (Figure 1.3) will remain on the screen for approximately 5seconds, or until the Cont inuebutton is selected.

Users wanting to contact Electrotek for TOPsupport should record theinformation provided in the About box. Important informationincludes the version number, date and registration information.

Setting Display Preferences

The user may alter many of the standard options associated withprogram use. This is accomplished by selecting Edit, Preferences...from the TOPmenu.

Figure 1.4A


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Using TOP 1 - 5


The Preferences dialog box, illustrated in Figure 1.4B, will thenappear.

Figure 1.4B - TOP's Preferences Dialog Box

Options available in the Preferences dialog box include the statusline, ribbon, initial data, comment and legend block status, pathinformation for a word processor and spreadsheet, and default plot

colors.

The Status Line

The show status lines option allows the determination of the state ofthe two TOP status lines. The status line above the ribbon (refer toFigure 1.3) shows the current data directory,

and the status line at the bottom of the TOP window providesinformation pertaining to the state of the program. It is recommendedthat the user always display the status lines.


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The Ribbon

The ribbon is a set

of buttons which appear under the TOP menu bar. These buttonsprovide a shortcut method for accessing the most commonly used TOPfunctions (you must have a mouse to use the ribbon). The followingtable summarizes the functions of each of the ribbon buttons.

Table 1.1 - TOP's Ribbon Buttons

F u n c t i on F u n c t i o n

File, Open File, Print Active

Edit, Copy Stack, Load

Stack, Discard Stack, TOPCalc

Graph, Quick Graph Graph, Scale, Previous

Graph, Scale, AutoScale

Graph, Animate

Table, Select File, Utilities, Start a Word

Processor

File, Utilities, Start aSpreadsheet

File, Utilities, Start aCalculator

Help, Index

Modifying the Preferences

The procedure for modifying the program preferences include:

1. Open the Editmenu

2. Select Preferences... (dialog box in Figure 1.4 will appear)

3. Set or clear the Status Linesand Ribboncheck boxes.


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Using TOP 1 - 7


4. Set or clear the Use Line Styles check box. This option defineswhether the legend block should distinguish between several plotsby color or different lines styles. See page 3-17 for a description.

5. Set or clear the Data Block Initially Oncheck box. See page 3-15 fora description of the data block.

6. Set or clear the Comment Block Initially Oncheck box. Commentblocks, also called annotations, are discussed on page 3-12 and 3-14.

7. Set or clear the Legend Initially On check box. Legend blocks arediscussed on page 3-16 and 3-18.

8. The ribbon provides quick access to your word processor andspreadsheet programs. TOPassumes that:

Your word processor is Microsoft Word for Windows, and islocated in directory c:\winword.

Your spreadsheet program is Microsoft Excel, and is located indirectory c:\excel.

If one of these assumptions is wrong, make the correction in theappropriate Path Optionstext box.

9. If desired, you can change the colors of plot components such ascurves, background, title, and so on. To make a change, select thedesired component in the Default Plot Colors list box, then selectthe Changebutton. A new dialog box will appear, allowing you toselect a color. To all components to their default colors, select the

Defaultsbutton.

10.Select OK to keep the changes that you have made, or Cancel toabort. TOPwill remember these preferences, even if the programis shut down and restarted.

Creating Graphs and Tables

Opening a Data File

The File, Open ...menu option is used to open a data file. The Opendialog box, illustrated in Figure 1.5, is displayed, prompting the userto select a file type and name.

FileFile

OpenOpen


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Figure 1.5 - TOP's Open (File) Dialog Box

The following steps summarize the file selection procedure:

1. Change to the desired drive by selecting the drive letter in theDrivesdrop-down list box, or by selecting the letter, then selectingOK.

2. Change to the desired directory by double clicking the directory inthe Directorieslist box, or by selecting the directory, then selectingOK.

3. Select the desired output format in the List Files of Type drop-down list box.

4. The File Name list box indicates all files in the current directorythat have the file extension that TOP assumes for the selectedformat. Double click the desired entry in the list box to open thefile. Or select the entry, then select OK.

Loading Data onto the StackAfter a data file is opened, TOP automatically displays the stackload dialog box. The Select Quantities to be Processed dialogbox, illustrated in Figure 1.6, is displayed, prompting the user to selectobjects to be loaded. It should be noted that different types of data

formats have different dialog boxes for loading data initially on thestack. This is discussed in detail in Chapter 2. Figure 1.6 illustratesthe dialog box for initially loading IEEE COMTRADE CFG files.


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Using TOP 1 - 11


Once the Quick Graph...option is selected the following dialog box isdisplayed:

Figure 1.8

2. Select one or more stack objects from the list box.

3. If you selected more than one object in step 3, select one of thefollowing radio buttons:

Normal to place all selected objects in a single window with asingle frame (Figure 3.3).

Auto Create Windowsto place each object in a separate window(Figure 3.2)

Auto Create Framesto place each object in a separate frame ina single window (Figure 3.4).

Multi-Page Window to place all selected objects in a singlewindow with only one shown at a time. You page through eachusing a scroll bar.

4. If you selected Auto Create Frames in step 3, enter the number offrames Acrossand Down the window in the text boxes located in

the lower right corner of the dialog box. (It should be noted thatthis option calculates a default value of Across and Down based onthe number of items selected.)

5. Select OKto create the graph window(s) or Cancelto abort.

Windows created with Quick Graph use a Cartesian grid with linearscaling. The axes will be scaled such that the all data points are


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displayed. All this can be changed with TOP's scaling options (seeChapter 3)

Figure 1.9 indicates the display window immediately opened by TOPif OKwas selected for a single plot.

Figure 1.9 - Example of Display Window for Graph

Chapter 3 Working with Graphs provides a detailed outline of theflexible options available in tailoring graphs for specific purposes aswell as the Graph, New Graph...option.

Utilizing a TOP TableThe following procedure illustrates the process involved in creatingtables in TOP.

1. Select the Table, Select ...option from the TOPmenu.

or:

1. Select the Table button on the ribbon.

Once the Table, Select ...option is selected the following dialog box isdisplayed:

SelectSelect

TableTable


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TOPincludes several different types of tables to examine quantities ofinterest. The tables provided in TOP are discussed in detail inChapter 4 Working with Tables.

PrintingThis section explains the procedures for producing a hardcopy ofTOP's graphs and tables. Most of the commands discussed in thischapter affect the active display window. Read pages I-11 to I-15 ifyou are not familiar with this term or TOP's window managementcommands.

Printer Set UpThis option allows you to select the target printer, and to changeprinter settings such as paper size and orientation.

1. Open the Filemenu.

2. Select Printer Setup. The following dialog box is displayed:

Figure 1.12

3. Use the Printer radio buttons to accept or override the defaultprinter (set by Windows Control Panel). If you select the SpecificPrinter button, use the drop-down list box to select the desiredprinter.

4. Select page orientation with the Portrait and Landscape radiobuttons.

5. Select Paper Size from the drop-down list box. The choicesavailable depend on the printer selected.

6. Select Paper Source from the drop-down list box. The choicesavailable depend on the printer selected.


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Using TOP 1 - 15


7. Additional printer configuration features may be accessed throughthe Optionsbutton. Options are controlled by the Windows drivercorresponding to the printer that you select. Refer to your WindowsUsers Manual and system documentation for additional

information. The Options button is grayed if the printer driverdoes not support additional configuration features.

8. Select OKor Cancel.

Page LayoutThis command is used to specify the title and margins used forprinting the active window; no other windows are changed. Settingsremain in effect for all subsequent printings of that window. TOPmay adjust the margins specified in this command in order tomaintain the correct aspect ratio in the printed window.


2. Select Page Setup.

3. The default margins are shown below. If desired, enter newmargins in decimal fractions of an inch.

Figure 1.13

Printing TOP DisplaysIf the target window is a graph, the image shown in the window whenit is maximized is printed on a single page. Tabular windows may

require multiple pages.To print the active widow:

Select the Print Act ivebutton on the ribbon:

PrintPrint

ActiveActive


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or


2. Select Print Act ive.

To print an inactive window, or several windows at once:


2. Select Print. The following dialog box is displayed:

Figure 1.14

3. Select one or more windows from the list box.

4. Use the Alland Nonebuttons to select/unselect all windows in thelist.

5. Select OKor Cancel.

At this point, Windows takes control of the print job, and will display adialog box asking for a page range to print, whether the output shouldbe sent to the printer or to a file, etc. Refer to your Windowsdocumentation for information on these options.

Using the Help SystemThe Help system in TOP can be prompted from the menu or theribbon.

To activate the system from the menu, the Help, Index ...topic shouldbe selected.


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Using TOP 1 - 17


To accomplish this from the ribbon bar, the Help button, indicatedbelow, should be selected.

For those users not familiar with Help systems, the Help, Usin gHelp...menu option provides a thorough introduction.

Using TOP with other Applications

Copying to the Windows Clipboard

This chapter explains the procedures for copying TOP's graphs andtables to another application, and for pasting data from anotherapplication into TOP. The commands discussed in this chapter affectthe active display window; review pages I-11 to I-15 if you are notfamiliar with this term or TOP's window management commands.

TOP's export commands provide tremendous flexibility in customizingthe program's output. You can use these commands to:

Include TOPplots or tables directly into a report by exporting to aword processing program.

Annotate a graph by exporting it to a graphical design, drawing, orspreadsheet program.

Create special types of graphs by exporting a table to aspreadsheet, and then using the spreadsheet's charting commands.

TOPprovides two types of export:

To the clipboard. This is the standard way to transfer data

between two Windows applications. After placing the data on theclipboard in TOP, you can switch to the target application andretrieve the data using its Pastecommand.

To a file. This method is used to transfer data to a Windows or anon-Windows application. You can export to one of severalstandard file formats.

HelpHelp

ButtonButton


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Copying the active window

Press Ctl+Ins,or

1. Open the Editmenu.

2. Select Copy.

Clearing the ClipboardThe Edit Copy command causes data currently on the clipboard to beoverwritten (erased) by the contents of the active TOP window. Tomanually erase the contents of the clipboard:

Press Del,or


2. Select Clear.

Pasting Data from the ClipboardThis option allows you to create objects directly from data on the

clipboard, bypassing the File Open and Stack Load proceduresdescribed earlier. The application that places the data on theclipboard must use the appropriate format.


2. Select Paste Stack.

Exporting to a Disk FileThe active TOP display window can be saved to disk in one of thefollowing formats:

Tables: ASCII text [TXT]

Comma separated values [CSV]

Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet [XLS]

IEEE COMTRADE format [CFG]


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Using TOP 1 - 19


Graphs: Windows Metafile (WMF)

Can also be exported as a table using one of the formats listedabove. Table columns are: baseline, magnitude, phase angle, realcomponent, and imaginary component. (See page 3-2 for adescription of these quantities.)

To export the active window:

1. Open theFilemenu.

2. Select Save As. The following dialog box appears:

Figure 1.15

3. Select the desired format using the Save File as Typelist box.

4. The export file will be placed in the drive and directory shown onthe upper left corner of the dialog box. Use the Files/Directorieslist box to change this path. To change the drive, double click theappropriate letter (e.g. [-a-]). If you do not have mouse, select theletter and then select OK. Follow the same procedure to change thedirectory. (Selecting the entry [..] moves the current directory upone level.)

5. The appropriate file extension appears in File Name text box.Replace the asterisk (*) with a legal DOS file root name (eightalphanumeric characters or less. Certain special characters, suchas $, %, &, and ! are allowed.)

6. Select OKto create the export file, or Cancelto Abort.


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Using TOP Utilities

The procedure to access the utility features in TOPare described inthe following sections for each of the five options available.

Building an EMTP SOS File

Starting a Word Processor

Starting a Spreadsheet

Starting a Calculator

Viewing a Text File


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Using TOP 1 - 21


Bui lding an EMTP SOS FileThis utility allows the combination of multiple Statistics Output filesgenerated by the EMTP to create a Statistics Output Salvage file. Touse this utility,

1. Open the File...menu

2. Select Uti l i t ies,Bu i ld a SOS Fi le.

The OPEN dialog box illustrated below will appear and ask for theEMTP st9lg* data file with the required extension of DAT.

Figure 1.16

After selecting the appropriate .DAT file the SAVE ASdialog box willappear asking for the name of the generated SOSfile. The extensionfor this file must be SOS.

Figure 1.17


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Starting a Word ProcessorTwo methods are described below for starting a word processor whilestill in the TOPprogram.


2. Select Uti l i t ies . . . Start Word Processo r

or:

1. Select the Word Button indicated below on the ribbon.

Both of these methods use the path specified in the Edit ,Preferences...dialog box to find the word processor of the users choice. (See Figure1.4)

Starting a SpreadsheetStarting a spreadsheet from TOP is similar to starting a wordprocessor. There are two ways of accomplishing this.


2. Select Uti l i t ies . . . Start Spreads heet

or:

1. Select the Excel Button indicated below on the ribbon.

As discussed earlier, to specify the desired path for the spreadsheet ofthe users choice simply select Edit, Preferences...from the TOPmenu.(See Figure 1.4)

SelectSelect

WordWord

SelectSelect

ExcelExcel


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Using TOP 1 - 23


Starting a CalculatorAnother utility option available in TOP is to start a calculator fromthe program. This can be achieved by simply selecting the buttonindicated below on the ribbon.

Upon activating this, the Windows Calculator program is started.

Viewing a Text FileA text file can be viewed in TOPin the following manner:

1. Open the Filemenu option.

2. Select Open...

The dialog box in Figure 1.18 is then displayed:

Figure 1.18

3. In the List Files of Type dropbox, the View ASCII File option listsall the files including text files.

4. Upon selection of the text file click the OK radio button or pressenter on the keyboard. (To get out of the dialog box with noselection simply click Cancel)

TOPwill then bring up the file to be viewed.

StartStart

CalculatCalculat

ButtonButton


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This Page Intentionally Left Blank


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2-2 TOP Users Guide


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Stack Management 2-3


What is the Stack?

One feature of TOPthat sets it apart from other programs is its abilityto work with any number of objects (node voltages, branch currents,

measurement data, etc.) at the same time. Moreover, it is aninteractiveprogram, which means that you do not need to know whattype of output you want before you start the process of opening filesand manipulating data.

In order to provide this flexibility, yet keep the program easy to use,TOPemploys a holding queue for objects, called the stack. In Figure2.1, output files from monitoring equipment are shown as decks ofcards, each card representing an object. TOP allows stack objects,from each of the formats supported, to exist simultaneously.

V-HARM,

HARMFLO

for WindowsSuperHarm

EMTP/ATP

TOPCalc

Stack

Tables

Graphs

Others:

COMTRADE

Ascii CSV

i t dt( )

0

z

MeasuringEquipment

Figure 2.1 - TOP's Stack Concept

The process of manipulating stack objects from start to finish isillustrated in Figure 2.2. The ring of arrows shows the process

conceptually. However, TOPdoes not impose this rigid sequence, andas you become comfortable with stack operations, you will find yourselfskipping and repeating steps. This random access approach toworking the stack is represented by the set of radial arrows in thefigure.


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2-4 TOP Users Guide


Discard

Objects

Open an

Output

File

Load

Objects

on Stack

Create New

Objects with

Top Calc

Per unitize

Objects

Create

Graphs/Tables

Print/Export

Graphs/Tables

Figure 2.2

Stack Object Identif iers

Names given to stack objects consist of six fields, each field enclosed inparenthesis. These fields are:

Name1 Name2 Qualifier1 Qualifier2 Origin Type

Thus, the information contained in the first four fields depends onwhere the object came from. The fifth and sixth fields, on the otherhand, are the same for all objects. Origin is the name of the output filefrom which the object was loaded, or DERIVED if the object wascreated with TOPCalc, or CLIP if the object was copied from theWindows clipboard. The Type field contains one of the followingkeywords:


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Raw Objects (loaded directly f rom output files) SCAN - Frequency scan from HarmFlo, SuperHarm or V-HARM.

(EMTP frequency scans use the WAVE keyword.)

SPEC - Harmonic spectrum from SuperHarm and V-HARM. STAT - EMTP SOS file (statistical) data.

TRND - RMS steady state trend data and RMS disturbances frommeasuring devices.

WAVE - Waveform data (waveform, spectrum, or frequency scan).

Derived Objects (produced by TOPCalc) HIST - Histogram.

PROB - Cumulative probability curve.

SCAN - Frequency scan.

SPEC - Harmonic spectrum.

TRND - Sliding FFT, RMS trend or disturbance.

WAVE - Waveform. (May be a spectrum or frequency scan if theobject was derived from an EMTP spectrum or frequencyscan.)

Modifying Stack Objects

Base Quantities OptionThe Stack Base Quantitiescommand is used to per unitize objects onthe stack. This command may seem redundant, given that TOPCalcallows you to multiply an object by a constant, but the effect is notquite the same. TOPCalc creates a new object, leaving the originalobject unchanged. On the other hand, when you per unitize (or undo aper unitization) with this command, all windows containing the object

are changed.

1. Open the Stackmenu.

2. Select Base Quanti t ies. The following dialog box appears:


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2-6 TOP Users Guide


Figure 2.3

3. Select one or more objects to per unitize on a common base.

4. Select the scale to per unitize from the list box: X Axisor Y Axis.

5. Enter a Base Value. If desired, you can adjust this value byselecting the sqrt(2)or sqrt(2)/sqrt(3)radio buttons. For example,the objects selected in Figure 2.3 are line-to-neutral voltages on a480 V RMS system. To per unitize these voltages on peakline-to-neutral voltage, the base value should be:

Vbase = =2 39191844803

.

You can enter this value, or you can enter 480 and select the

sqrt(2)/sqrt(3)radio button.6. Set the Per Unitizecheck box to per unitize the selected objects, or

clear the check box to undo the per unitization..

7. Select Updateto update the selected objects.

8. Repeat steps 3-7 as often as desired. Select Exitwhen done.

Units OptionTOP automatically assigns units to the X and Y variables of an objectwhen it is created. However, TOP must assume units if the object

comes from an output file that doesn't identify them. Use this optionto enter the correct units if the assumed units are wrong. This optionalso provides a way to specify a more aesthetically pleasing unit -replacing volts with kilovolts. for example.

1. Open the Stack menu.


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2. Select Units. The following dialog box appears:

Figure 2-4

3. Select one or more objects from the list box.

4. Select the unit to change -X Axis, Y Axis Magnitude, or Y Axis Angle.

5. TOPhighlights the current Unit Name for the selected unit in thelist box. Select a different name, if desired.

6. If desired, select a Prefix to apply to the unit. For example, if the

unit is Volts, selecting the kilo radio button replace V labels withkV. TOPscales voltage magnitudes appropriately.

7. Select the Updatebutton to implement the changes made in steps 5and 6. This causes all windows containing the selected objects to beupdated.

8. Repeat steps 3 - 7 as often as desired, then select Exitto erase thedialog box.

Using TOPCalc

This facility provides a means for creating new stack objects byspecifying mathematical operations to be performed on existingobjects. Objects derived through TopCalc are treated no differentlythan raw objects loaded from output files. They can, for example, beused as arguments in subsequent TopCalc operations.


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2-8 TOP Users Guide


TopCalc requires single or dual arguments, depending on the operationselected. Argument #1 is always a stack object. Argument #2, ifrequired, is usually a stack object, but may be a constant. (SeeMixed

Argument Operations,below.)

If Argument #2 is a stack object, it must be the same type as Argument#1 - you can't, for example, add a WAVE and a SPEC. Unless statedotherwise, the new object is of the same type as the argument(s) thatwere used to create it. Table 2.1 indicates the operations available inTOP as well as the compatible argument types. Most operations canaccept arguments of type SCAN, SPEC, TRND, STAT or WAVE;exceptions are noted in the table. The table also relates whether theoperation requires single or dual arguments. Dual arguments wouldmean Argument#1 as a stack object and Argument #2 as a constant oranother stack object. Each of these TOP Calc operations will bediscussed in further detail in the following pages.


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Table 2.1 TOPCalc Operations

TOP Calc Single Dual Acceptable Raw Objects

Operation Arg. Arg. WAVE

SPEC TRND SCAN STAT

Add 44 44 44 44 44

Subtract 44 44 44 44 44Multiply 44 44 44 44 44

Divide 44 44 44 44 44

Negate 44 44 44 44 44

Invert 44 44 44 44 44

FFT 44 44

DFT 44 44

IDFT 44 44

Power 44 44

Energy 44 44

I2T 44 44

X-Y Combine 44 44

Square 44 44

Square Root 44 44

Abs Value 44 44 44 44 44

V,I dB Ratio 44 44 44

Pwr dB Ratio 44 44 44

Integrate 44 44

Cum Prob 44 44

Prob Dist 44 44

Filter 44 44

Time Shift 44 44


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2-10 TOP Users Guide


The Procedure1. Select the TOPCalcbutton on the ribbon:

or:

a. Open the Stackmenu.

b. Select TOPCalc.

The following dialog box appears:

Figure 2.5

2. Select Stack Argument #1from the list box.

3. Select the Operationfrom the list box.4. If appropriate select the Optionsbutton to set parameters for this

operation. Values that you enter will remain in effect until you exitTOP Calc. It should be noted that only six TOPCalc functionsallows the ability to set parameters; FFT, DFT, IFT, Prob Dist, Filterand Time Shift.

TOPTOP

CalcCalc


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If the selected operation is a single argument, go to step 6.

5. If argument #2 is a constant, select the Constant radio button(upper right corner of the dialog box), and type the value in the textbox below the radio button.

If argument #2 is a stack object, select the Curve radio button. Thiscauses TOP to fill the Stack Argument #2 list box. Select thedesired object from the list.

6. Enter the Name fields for the new object in the text boxes at thebottom of the dialog box.

7. Select the Dobutton to create the new object.

8. Repeat steps 2 -7 as often as desired to derive more objects. Selectthe Exitbutton when done.

Single Argument OperationsThe following operations all require single arguments. These arecompatible with arguments of all type excludingSTAT.

Invert ( 1X )

Negate(X )Abs Value(X )

The functions below are compatible with only arguments of the typeWAVE.

Square (2

X )Square Root ( X )

I Squared T

These are functions of time and therefore can be applied only to WAVEobjects.

Filter

This function allows the addition of a filter in series to the argument.The compatible argument for this function is of the type WAVE. Figure

2.6 illustrates the dialog box prompted by the Optionsbutton for thisoperation.


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Figure 2.6

Filter Type allows the selection of the filter desired. F1: and F2:indicate the beginning and ending 3 dB frequencies. The Sections:input box allows the user to enter the number of filter sections desired

in series (N sections translates to 2N poles). The default for this is 3.The digital filter functions used produce Butterworth-type filters, i.e.,filters with smooth, ripple-free power gain characteristics. The filtersimplemented in TOP are taken from Digital Signal Analysis bySamuel D. Stearnd, Chapter 12 and Appendix C (Hayden BookCompany, 1975, ISBN 0-8104-5828-4). Each filter is actually executedtwice - once in normal forward time order, and then a second time inreverse time order. This results in an overall transfer function withzero phase shift. The reader is referred to Chapter 9 of the abovereferenced book for details on the Linear Phase Shift Theorem.

Time ShiftThis function simply allows the shifting of a parameter based on time.The only compatible argument type for this operation is WAVE. Thedialog box in Figure 2.7 is prompted by the Optionsradio button uponselection. This allows the user to input the time the waveform shouldbe shifted by.

Figure 2.7


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Fourier TransformsThe FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) and DFT (Discrete FourierTransform) operations require a single argument, which must be aWAVE. The new object is of type SPEC. The IDFT operation (inverse

discrete Fourier transform) requires a single argument, which must bea SPEC. The new object is of type WAVE. FFT, DFT and IDFT havevariable parameters. This will be discussed for each operation in thefollowing sections. Refer to Chapter 5 for step by step examples onapplying these functions.

FFT

The FFT function prompts the dialog box in Figure 2.8 when Optionsis selected from TOPCalc. Each of the selections available in this boxwill be discussed below.

Figure 2.8

Single FFT TypeThe single FFT produces a SPECobject, calculated from Starting Time,Fundamental Frequency, and Number of Cycles. Figure 2.9 showshow an object created with this operation appears when plotted withQuick Graph:


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6PULSE>6P-DRV(ALL)

60.0 120.0 180.0 240.0 300.0 360.0 420.0 480.0 540.0 600.0 660.0 720.0 780.0 840.0 900.0 0

100

200

300

400

Frequency (Hz)

Current(A)

Figure 2.9

As shown in Figure 2.8, TOP assumes that the FFT is to be taken overone 60 Hz cycle starting at 0.0 seconds. You will need to override thesevalues if the fundamental frequency is not 60 Hz, or if the waveform isnot in steady state at time zero.

Figure 2.10

Figure 2.10 shows a case where this is necessary. This is an EMTPsimulation of the current supplied by a PWM adjustable speed drive toa three-phase induction motor at 45 Hz. There is no stored energy inthe circuit at the start of the simulation, producing a large initialcurrent surge. In this case, the FFT should be taken over one 45 Hzcycle as far forward in time as possible, to allow the transient current

to decay.

If you can't specify the fundamental frequency precisely (e.g.,measurements of an adjustable speed drive), then the FFT window willnot capture an integer number of fundamental frequency cycles, andthe end of the window will contain a truncated cycle. Increasing thesize of the window reduces error due to this end effect. The number


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of cycles required to yield acceptable accuracy can be reduced bymultiplying the waveform by a weighting function before taking theFFT. The weighting function is bell shaped, thus the multiplicationreduces end effect. You can select one of four weighting functions withthe Windowradio buttons:

Rectangular

Hanning

Welsh

Bartlett

The default radio button - Rectangular - corresponds to amultiplication by unity; in other words, no weighting is used. The artof applying weighting functions is well beyond the scope of this

manual, and we refer you to a text on digital signal processing forfurther information on this subject.

Sliding FFT Type

The Slidingradio button is used to produce a TRNDobject of a singleharmonic vs. time. Figure 2.11 shows such an object plotted withQuick Graph:

Third Harmonic Line Current

100 200 300 400 5000

2

4

6

8

10

12

Time (mS)

Current(A)

Figure 2.11

To use this option, specify the Fundamental Frequency and theHarmonic number to trend (an integer). The trend is produced bycomputing an FFT every Step seconds over Number of Cycles from

Starting Time. For example, if the fundamental frequency is 60 Hzand the time step is 0.0016667 seconds, 10 FFT computations arerequired per cycle. Thus, TOP may take several minutes to produce asliding FFT object. Smoother trend plots can be obtained by applying aweighting function, as discussed above.

You can also trend the RMS value, Peak value, Crest Factor, or FormFactor using the sliding FFT. This is done by specifying one of the


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following keywords in the harmonic number windows instead of aninteger - rms, peak, ff, or cf.

DFT

The discrete Fourier transform, like the FFT, is used to generate a

spectrum from a waveform. The dialog box below is prompted inTOPCalc by first selecting the DFToperation and then Options.

Figure 2.12

Similar to the FFT function, you can select one of four weightingfunctions with the Windowradio buttons:

Rectangular

Hanning

Welsh

Bartlett

The other options available in this parameters dialog box are similar tothose discussed in the previous section for FFT. The primary differencebetween the FFT and the DFT is that the DFT is slower yet you canoperate on any number of points by specifying the frequencies youwant as outputs.

IDFT


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The inverse discrete Fourier transform is used to generate a waveformfrom a spectrum object. To do this, TOP needs to know if the phaseangle spectrum is based on a sine reference or a cosine reference.

The default selection, Sin Series, will correctly display HarmFlo,

SuperHarm, and V-Harm data generated using analytic harmonicsource models such as CONVERTER (SuperHarm, V-Harm). You willneed to use Cos Seriesif you used arbitrary harmonic sources such asISOURCE (SuperHarm) or HARMC (V-Harm), and the phase anglesthat you entered were based on a cosine series. At times it may benecessary to attempt both series options and then view the derivedsolution for verification.

The second option tells TOP the number of Cycles that should becalculated for derived waveforms. Figure 2.13 indicates this dialogbox.

Figure 2.13


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Mixed Argument OperationsAdd, Subtract, Multiply, & Divide

Add, Subtract, Multiply, and Divideall take two arguments. The secondargument may be a constant as well as a stack object. These

operations can be used on all object types, excluding STAT.

Integrate

Integration can be applied to WAVEobjects (integration with respect totime).

Power and Energy

Both of these operations requires one voltage argument and onecurrent argument. Power will calculate the instantaneous power andenergy will calculate the integral of the product of voltage and current.

These functions are compatible with arguments of the type WAVE. Acommon procedure for utilizing the energy operation is described inChapter 5.

dB Ratios

Two operations are provided, one for voltages and currents, the otherfor powers. These operations are defined as follows:

202

1

10 21

Log Arg

Arg

Log ArgArg

#

#

##

These are only compatible with arguments of the type WAVE andSPEC. The new object is the same as the initial object type.

X-Y Combine

This operation plots the Y values of the first argument against the Yvalues of the second argument. (Argument #2 values become the Xvalues for the new object.) The argument can only be of the typeWAVE.

V, I dB ratio:

Pwr dB ratio:


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C H A P T E R 3

Working With Graphs

TOPprovides a wide variety of graph styles and options. This chaptercovers New Graph, and options for formatting such as labeling,changing the grid and scale, and so on. It does not cover graph windowoperations, such as sizing, arranging and closing. These are standardWindows commands, and are described in theIntroduction.

In This Chapter

Background

Using New Graph

Frame Management

Formatting TOPGraphs


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Electrotek Concepts, Inc


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Working with Graphs 3-3


Background

We have mentioned that Quick Graph is the easiest method to create aplot in Chapter 1, while the more complicated New Graph option offersmore flexibility in creating different kinds of plots. So, what do you

give up by using Quick Graph?

Quick Graph plots must be magnitude verses baseline. Beforedefining what this means, we must explain how TOPstores an object.To the program, any object is simply a set of ordered pairs of somecomplex quantity verses a baseline quantity. The baseline quantity ispercent for HIST and PROB objects, frequency for SCAN and SPECobjects, and time for TRNDand WAVEobjects.

The complex quantity in each ordered pair can be anything - voltage,current, power, impedance, EMTP TACS quantities, etc. The quantitymay not actually be complex; TOP just assumes that it is. Forexample, an EMTP voltage waveform is a real valued function of time.However, TOP stores it as a phasor function of time, with theimaginary values set to zero.

Now, suppose you wish to plot a SuperHarm impedance scan. QuickGraph will plot magnitude verses baseline - in this case, |Z| vs.frequencyf. If you wish to plot anything else -fvs. |Z|,phase anglevs. f,Im(Z)vs. Re (Z)(i.e., R-X locus), etc. - you must use New Graph.

Any object, with the exception of STAT can be plotted. This objectcontains magnitudes of any number of voltages, currents, etc., and aresuitable only for tables. (HIST and PROB objects, which are derivedfrom STATobjects, canbe graphed.)


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Using New Graph

1. Open the Graphmenu.

2. Select New Graph.The following dialog box appears:

Figure 3.1

3. Select an object from the stack list box.

4. Select the X AxisandY Axisvariables for the plot. The choices are:

Baseline

Magnitude

Phase (Angle)

Real

Imaginary

5. Set the appropriate Logarithmiccheck boxes to apply log scaling tothe X and/or Y axes.

6. If desired, set the Polar Grid check box. (See page 3-8 for moreinformation on polar grids.)

7. Select OKto create the graph window, or Cancelto abort.


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Frame Management

TOPallows the viewing of graphs in several ways tailored specificallyby the user. This is all manipulated by proper management. Figure3.2 illustrates the capability of plotting one object per window.

Plotting

One Object

Per Window

Figure 3.2

TOP also allows you to place any number of objects in the samewindow. The curves can be superimposed on the same axes, as shownin Figure 3.3, or they can be plotted on individual axes, as illustratedin Figure 3.4.

Plots with individual axes are called f r ames. Graph optionsgenerally affect only the ac t i v e f r am e, which is displayed witha square in each corner. (Note the lower right frame in Figure3.4). Click anywhere inside a frame with the mouse to make it

the active frame.

Superimposing

Several Objects

on One Set of

Axes

Figure 3.3

In order to superimpose more than one object on the same set of axes,the objects must be of the same type. As shown in Figure 3.4, thisrestriction doesn't apply to multi-frame windows.


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Using One

Object per

Frame

Handles

Active

Frame

Figure 3.4

Plots can also be plotted in a Multi Page window. As shown in Figure3.5, this option allows multiple graphs to be scrolled through with thescroll bar. This option can be selected from the Quick Graph dialogbox.

Scrolling

Through Plots

with MultiPage Window

Option

Figure 3.5

Formatting Top GraphsThe following graph options are available in TOP:

Sca l e - used to set axis minimum, maximum, and incrementvalues, to select linear or logarithmic scaling, and to show or hide apolar grid.

G r i d - used to show or hide grid lines and axis tick marks.

Arrows tArrows t

scroll up scroll up

down.down.


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Labe l- used to specify a plot and axis titles.

Anno t a t e - used to place a label of up to 5 lines on the graph.

Da t a B l o ck - used to show or hide an overlay containing summarydata for the graphed object.

Legend - used to clarify more than one plot on the same graph bycreating a legend.

A n i m a t e - used to toggle betw

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