Topic:Stress & Stress Management

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UHS 2062Introduction to Industrial

Psychology

SYNOPSISIn our presentation, we would like to let you know more about stress. Different situation will bring different types of stress. How we respond to stress can have devastating consequences.

A psychological and physical response of the body that occurs whenever we must

adapt to changing conditions, whether those

conditions be real or perceived, positive or

negative.

DEFINITION OF STRESS

The major types of stress can be broken down into four different categories: Chronic Eustress, Acute Eustress, Acute Distress, Chronic Distress.

TYPE OF STRESS

Chronic Eustress

Long lasting, recurrent good stress. This is by far, the very best of the types of stress out there. This

quadrant should be every person's goal in life. Be creative, be aggressive

and be consistent because this is the quadrant where "real"

quality of life exists.

Rapid onset, short, intense good stress. On a 'types of stress' scale of 1-10, with 1 being bad and 10 being good, this quadrant sits at about 6-7.

Acute Eustress

Rapid onset, short, intense bad stress. As far as types of stress go, this one is no fun but is not terribly dangerous and in fact it can save your life.

This type of stress happens when we feel shocked or threatened

and our fight or flight stress response system kicks

into gear.

Longlasting, recurrent badstress. This is by farthe worst of the typesof stress in our lives. Chronic distress is the cause of most peoples' problems. With this kind of stress, your body is constantly flooded with emergency response hormones like Cortisol and Adrenaline.

Acute Distress

Chronic Distress

SOURCES OF STRESS

• Personal Stressors• Occupational

Stressors

Personal Stressors

1) Fear

When we leave our lives that has

become comfortable, we enter another

stage in which we don’t know what

will happenThe

challenge and potential

excitement from the change

2) Resistance

Some of us don’t want to

leave the security and structure of

that which is known

Resistance to change is

holding on to hold traditions

that are no longer feasible (reasonable)

3) Resentment (experience of

negative emotion/ hatred)

Changes that are

forced on us-

particularly those that we feel we

had no control over

OCCUPATIONAL STRESSORS

1) Job Characteristics• Role conflict

• When our work expectations and what we think we should be doing don’t match up with the work we actually have to do

• Role ambiguity (uncertainty)• When an individual’s

job duties and performance expectations are not clearly defined

• Role overload• When individuals

either-feel they lack of skills or workplace resources to complete a task

• Perceive (notice/ identify) that the task cannot be done in the required amount of time

2) Organizational Characteristic• Person-organization fit

• How the individual to ‘fit’ into an organization and perform well

• Change• Occurs most often

from downsizing and restructuring

• Relation with others• The coworkers and

customers can be a major source of workplace stress

• Organizational politics• Self-serving behaviour

employers use to increase the probability of obtaining positive outcomes

Stressors in the physicalwork environment

NoiseTemperature

Other Sources of Stress

Minor frustrati

on Stress we

encounter in our

daily life

ForecastingDevelop

s from our

constantly

worrying about

the future

Residual

stress

Stress that is carried

over from

previous stressfu

l situations that

we refuse to ‘let

go’

Physical Responsessweat under extreme stressEg: interviewing a job headaches and body achesEg: prone to migraines and tensing hair lossStress slows down hair growth and continuous stress can cause hair loss. weight loss/weight gainIn the majority of cases stress causes weight gain, but some people experience weight loss. 

Personal ConsequencesStress has been labeled the “silent killer”.• It will weakening your body’s ability to prevent or fight off illness and diseases.• It is often the source of escalating blood pressure, heart attack, strokes, or worse : death.

CONSEQUENCES OF STRESS

Psychological ResponsesDepressionIf you suffer from a lot of stress this will wear you out and cause you to lose zest for life. AngerResponding with anger or rage can lead to family members being hurt, the loss of jobs, and perhaps trouble with the law. AnxietyStress alters the chemical balance in the blood as well as your nervous system. This can cause all kinds of emotional problems, mood swings, phobias and anxieties. Sleep ProblemStress causes people to always be on the alert for real or potential danger. This is likely to affect your sleep and the sleep �may not be deep enough or you may not get sleep at all.

Job Performance high levels of stress reduce performance on many tasks.

Stress can lead to feelings of negativity, lack of enthusiasm and apathy. When you experience these feelings, you might no longer care about doing a good job.

Burn-out is the state of being overwhelmed by stress, is usually experienced by highly motivated professionals faced with high work demands.

People who feel burned out have a lack of energy ,filled with frustration and tension ,become emotionally exhausted and no longer feel they have a positive impact on other people or job.

Behavioral signs may include cynicism toward coworkers, clients, and the organization.

Organizational Consequences

Absenteeism and turn-over Stress-related illness led to increase in absenteeism and attrition affecting the profitability of the organization.

Absenteeism and turn-over are highest when stress increased as employees struggle to deal with physical and emotional ailments.

It is also resulting in loss of productivity and subsequently revenues.

Drug and alcohol abuse Stress at workplace can push the victim towards high risk behaviour such as substance abuse or consuming too much alcohol.

Most incidents of domestic and other types of violence occur after an individual has been drinking or using drugs.

There are increasing number of news reports of violence occuring in the workplace, of those violence events, many are carried out by employees who have abused drugs and alcohol.

Health care costs Increase in health insurance premiums.

Because of high use of medical facilities and options by others suffering from illness caused by stress, organizations that at one time paid the full cost for health insurance benefits are passing the increases on to the employees.

REFERENCEhttp://www.strictly-stress-management.com/types_of_stress.html

http://www.personal-development-coach.net/consequences-of-stress.html

http://www.alleydog.com/glossary/definition.php?te

Industrial/Organizational Psychology : An Applied Approach, Seventh Edition, Michael G. Aamodt