TOPICS - Karkea.kar.nic.in/vikasana/biology_puc/e3_ppt.pdf · TOPICS PLANT PHYSIOLOGY ......
Transcript of TOPICS - Karkea.kar.nic.in/vikasana/biology_puc/e3_ppt.pdf · TOPICS PLANT PHYSIOLOGY ......
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TOPICSTOPICS
PLANT PHYSIOLOGYB 4 WATER RELATIONS OF
PLANTSPLANTS (10 MARKS)B 5 BIOENERGETICS (12 MARKS)5 O G CS ( S)
B 6 GROWTH AND GROWTH REGULATORS IN PLANTS
(05MARKS)(05MARKS)
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B.4 WATER RELATIONSOF PLANTS (10 marks)(10 marks)
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IMBIBITION,DIFFUSION,OSMOSIS ABSORPTION OF WATER ABSORPTION OF WATER LATERAL CONDUCTION OF
WATER ASCENT OF SAP LOSS OF WATER-
TRANSPIRATIONGUTTATION
TRANSLOCATION OFORGANIC SOLUTES
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B 4 WATER RELATIONSB.4 WATER RELATIONSOF PLANTS (10 marks)
1 mark questions1 mark questions2 marks questions5 marks questions5 marks questions
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1 MARK QUESTIONS
Q Define ImbibitionQ. Define Imbibition. Ans:
Ad ti f t bAdsorption of water by hydrophilic substances like cellulose, gum etc.,
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Q. Define wall pressure
Ans:Ans: Pressure exerted by th ll ll ththe cell wall on the protoplasm against p p gturgor pressure
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A plant cellA plant cell
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Q. Name the phenomenon of shrinking of protoplast when the Rheo leaf is placed in sodium chloride solutionsolution.
Ans: ExosmosisAns: Exosmosis
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Q. What is vein loading?
Ans:Vein loading is transferVein loading is transferof food from mesophyllcells to sieve tube cellscells to sieve tube cellsthrough parenchyma cells against concentration gradient.
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What is the significance Q. of CoCl2 experiment?
Ans: It reveals unequalIt reveals unequal transpiration in a dorsiventral leafdorsiventral leaf.
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Q. Define guttation.Ans:Ans:
Guttation is the loss ofwater in the form ofwater in the form of droplets through leaf ti / i di itip / vein endings in herbaceous plants during warm humid nights.g
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• L S of leafS o ea
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Q Level of mercury rises inQ. Level of mercury rises inthe capillary tube of simple
t t Wh ?potometer. Why?
Ans:Ans: Transpiration pullTranspiration pull
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Give reasons (One mark each):(One mark each):
Q. It is difficult to open and Q pclose wooden shutters during rainy seasonduring rainy season.
Ans: Imbibition
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Q. Turgidity or flaccidityf d ll ffof guard cells affect
the rate of transpiration. Ans:
Guard cells enclose Guard cells enclose stomata. Decrease inthe osmotic concentration the osmotic concentration brings about transpiration
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Q. Potato osmoscope is a physiological set up.a physiological set up.
Ans:Ans: It involves living cells
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Q F h h i kQ. Fresh grapes shrinkin salt solution.in salt solution.
Ans:Ans: Exosmosis
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Q. Excessive use of chemical fertilizers results in wilting ofresults in wilting of plants.
Ans: Exosmosis
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Q. As the wind blows, rate of ascent of sap increases
Ans: Wind carries away the moisture and increasesmoisture and increases the rate of transpiration
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Q. When osmotic concentration increases in guard cells, the stomata opensstomata opens
Ans: Increased osmotic concentration expands the pguard cells.
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Q. Girdling experiment cannot be performed in sugar caneplantsplants.
AAns: Phloem does not occur ina ring.
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Q. In cobalt chloride paperexperiment, the lower stripof paper turns pink faster p p pthan the upper strip. Why?
Ans: Unequal transpirationUnequal transpiration
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2 marks each:Q M ti tQ. Mention any two
significances of gdiffusion in plants
Ans:Ans:1. Exchange of gases2. Absorption and
conduction of mineralsconduction of minerals
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Q. Write any four ysignificance of osmosis.
1. Turgidity of cells2 Absorption of water2. Absorption of water3. Cell to cell conduction of
twater4. Regulation of stomata
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Q. Write any four differences between transpiration and guttationtranspiration and guttation.
Transpiration Guttation1. Day time 1. Warm humid
nights
2. Vapour
3 P
g
2. Droplets
3 Dissolved minerals3. Pure
4. More water
3. Dissolved minerals
4. Less water
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Q. What are antitranspirants? Name any two antitranspirants.
Ans: Substances which reduceor stop transpiration are called antitranspirants.Physical- liquid wax.Physiological- Abscissic acid
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Q. Mention four factors affecting transpiration.
Ans: 1. Wind1. Wind2. Temperature3 Soil water3. Soil water4. Humidity
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(5 mark questions)(5 mark questions)Q. TCT theory
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Q. List and explain thediff t t l f tdifferent external factorsaffecting the rate ofaffecting the rate oftranspiration.
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Q. Describe Steward’s St h h d l i thStarch hydrolysis theory of stomatal movementof stomatal movement.
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Q. Proton ion concept Q. Proton ion concept
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Q. Explain Munch’s mass Q. Explain Munch s mass flow hypothesis.
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Practicals:Practicals:Q. Simple potometer
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Q U l t i tiQ. Unequal transpiration
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B5 BIOENERGETICSB5 BIOENERGETICS(12 MARKS)( )
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TOPICS:
ATPPHOTOSYNTHESISPHOTOSYNTHESIS
RESPIRATION
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1 mark questions2 marks questionsq5 marks questionsq
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Q Name the energyQ. Name the energycurrency of the cell.
Ans:Ans: ATP (Adenosine Tri Phosphate)
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Q. What is the significance of h t h ? chromatography?
Ans:It reveals that leaf contains It reveals that leaf contains various pigments like Chlorophyll-a chlorophyll-b Chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b, xathophyll and carotenes.
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Q. Name the first stable i t di t d intermediate compound formed in Calvin’s cycle(C3 pathway)
Ans:Phospho Glyceric Acid Phospho Glyceric Acid (PGA) (3C)
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Q. State Blackman’s law of limiting factors.limiting factors.
Ans: Ans: When a reaction is conditioned
t it idit b b as to its rapidity by a number of separate factors, the rate of the reaction is decided by the pace of slowest factor.p
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Q. What is solarization ? Q
Ans: Ans: Breakdown of photosynthetic pigments photosynthetic pigments under the influence of high
l hintensity sunlight.
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Q. Name the phase that isQ. Name the phase that iscommon for both aerobicand anaerobic respirationand anaerobic respiration.
A Ans: Glycolysis / EMP pathway
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Q I hi h ll llQ. In which cell organelle,Kreb’s cycle occurs?y
Ans: Ans: Mitochondria
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Q. Where does terminal id ti t k l i oxidation take place in
mitochondria?
Ans: Ans: Racker’s particles / elementary particles
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Q. Define respiratory quotient. p y q
Ans: Ans: The ratio of carbon dioxidereleased to the oxygenreleased to the oxygenconsumed during
i tirespiration.
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Q. In germinating gram seedsthat respire aerobically, p y,value of RQ is less than one.Why? Why?
Ans: Ans: The amount of carbon dioxidereleased is equal to the oxygen consumed.yg
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Q. What is Pasteur effect?
Ans: The ability of yeast cells toswitch over from anaerobic switch over from anaerobic to aerobic respiration depending on the availabilitydepending on the availabilityof oxygen.
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Q The addition of lime water Q. The addition of lime water to water in an experimental
t ith ti l t setup with aquatic plants decreases the amount of oxygen released. Why?
Ans: Lime water combines with Lime water combines with carbon dioxide and affects photosynthesis photosynthesis.
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Q. Name the gas liberated in Ganong’s respiroscopeGanong s respiroscope.
A Ans: Carbon dioxide
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Gi Give reasons (One mark each):
Q. Some bacteria exhibit Q. Some bacteria exhibit photosynthesis but they do not produce oxygennot produce oxygen.
Ans: Ans: They use H 2 S instead of H 2O
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Q. Carotenoid and xanthophyllQ. Carotenoid and xanthophyllare called accessory photosynthetic pigments photosynthetic pigments
A Ans: They can only trap sunlight but cannot convert it to ATP.
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Q. For NCPP, photolysis of water , p yis must
Ans: Hydrogen released during Hydrogen released during photolysis of water is used t f NADPH to form NADPH 2
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Q. Plants are lungs of nature
Ans: They release oxygen
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Q CAM plants close theirQ. CAM plants close theirstomata during daytime.
Ans: They fix carbon dioxidein the previous night.in the previous night.
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Q. Very high temperature d th t f decreases the rate of photosynthesis.
Ans: High temperature influence closure of influence closure of stomata.
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Q. RQ value of glucose is one.Q. RQ value of glucose is one.
Ans: Ans: The amount of carbon dioxide released is equal dioxide released is equal to the amount of oxygen consumed.
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(2 marks each)(2 marks each)
Q Draw a labelled sketch of T S Q. Draw a labelled sketch of T S of chloroplast.
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Q Write the schematic Q. Write the schematic representation of CPP.
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(5 MARKS QUESTIONS)
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Q Write the schematic Q. Write the schematic representation of C3 pathway.
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Q. External factors of photosynthesis photosynthesis
Ans:SunlightSunlightTemperatureC b di id Carbon dioxide Water
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Q Write the schematic Q. Write the schematic representation of EMP
hpathway.
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Q. Write the schematic representation of Kreb’srepresentation of Kreb scycle (Citric acid cycle)with preparatory phase with preparatory phase
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Q. Factors affecting respiration
• Temperature:• CO2 concentration:CO2 concentration:• Light:Blue light is known to reduce respiration by influencing p y gcyto b and cyto a / a3complex.complex.
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Moisture:Moisture:
Respiration is minimumin dry seeds where moisture in dry seeds where moisture content is 12- 18%.
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Mechanical stimulation and i j injury: Injury or infection increases the rate of respiration.
Inorganic salts:Absorption of inorganic salts Absorption of inorganic salts requires energy.
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Respiratory substrate:
Age:Respiration is high at the Respiration is high at the time of seed germination.
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Inhibitors:Inhibitors:
C id CO id t Cyanides, CO, azides etc., inhibits respiration.p
Hormones:Hormones:
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Oxygen:yg
The availability of Oxygen isThe availability of Oxygen isdirectly proportional to therate of aerobic respirationrate of aerobic respiration.
St t f llState of cell:
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Practicals:Practicals:
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Q E l i G ’ iQ. Explain Ganong’s respiroscopeexperiment with a neat labelleddidiagram.
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Q. With a labelled diagram, d ib th i t t describe the experiment to demonstrate the evolution of oxygen during photosynthesis in the presence of sunlight. p g
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Q K h ’ f fl k Q. Kuhne’s fermentation flask experiment
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B6 GROWTH AND GROWTH
REGULATORS IN PLANTS
(05 marks)(05 marks)1 mark questions2 marks questions2 marks questions
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Q. Expand IBA
Ans: I d l B t i A idIndole Butyric Acid
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Q Which is the commonlyQ. Which is the commonlyused selective weed killer?
Ans: 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid)acetic acid)
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Q. Name the hormone responsible for bolting in biennial plants.
Ans: GA3. (Gibberellic acid)
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Q. What is Richmond-Lang Q. What is Richmond Lang effect?
Ans: Ans: Plants remain fresh and green f l ti d th for a long time under the influence of cytokinins. This iscalled Richmond-Lang effect.
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Q. Expand ABA
Ans: Abscissic acid
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Q. Name the synthetic ethylene-Q. Name the synthetic ethylenereleasing compound used as a fruit ripenerfruit ripener .
A Ans: Ethylene
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Q Fruit flies swarm around ripe Q. Fruit flies swarm around ripe banana. Why?
Ans: Ethylene
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Give reasons Give reasons (One mark each):
Q. Removal of apical budsi l t kin some plants makesthem grow bushy.
Ans: Ans: It overcomes apical dominance dominance
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Q F it f l t Q. Fruits of some plants are naturally seedless
Ans: Excessive production of auxinsauxins
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Q. Cytokinins are very essential for tissue essential for tissue culture
Ans: They influence morphogenesis / p gdifferentiation
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Q. ABA is known as dormin
Ans:It i d dIt induces dormancy
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(2 marks each)
Q. Define growth. Mention the phases of growth curve
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Q. Write any two applications of Q. Write any two applications of synthetic auxins
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Q Write any four physiologicalQ. Write any four physiologicalroles of gibberellins
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Q Write any four physiologicalQ. Write any four physiologicalrole of cytokinin in plants
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Q Mention two physiological Q. Mention two physiological functions of abscissic acid
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Q. Give an example for gaseousphytohormone. Mention any two of its effects on plantstwo of its effects on plants