Topics covered
description
Transcript of Topics covered
Topics covered• Cells• Digestion• Blood• Circulation System• Gas Exchange• Nervous System• Hormones• Muscles • Skeletal System• Human Reproduction and
Development• Microbes and Immune System
Topics left to cover
• Genetics and Cancer
Human Physiology Lesson 23
Microbes and Disease1. How does your body protect you against from
pathogens2. How can we can become immune to disease?3. What are antigens and how does our body use
them to fight against disease?
Project
• Microbes and Pathogens• Transmission• Entry and protection• Immune System - lymphocytes• Vaccination and Jenner• Developing vaccines• Antibiotics and Fleming• Antibiotic Resistance- C.diff and MRSA
DiseasesBacteria, Food poisoningImpetigoSyphilisTuberculosis
Virus, PolioHIV,Influenza (flu)MeaslesChickenpox
Protoctist, Malaria
Fungi, Athlete’s footThrush
Transmission of Microbes
• How do microbes get transferred from one organism to another?
How microbes are transferred between organisms
• Droplet Infection• Direct Contact• Contaminated food and drink• Through the blood-transfusion or cut
8C Catch that!
Match each sentence with the correct ending:
1 Chicken pox can be spread by… 2 Salmonella can be spread by... 3 Hepatitis and HIV can be spread
by... 4 Colds and flu can be spread by…
5 Typhoid and gastro-enteritis can be spread by…
6 Syphilis and HIV can be spread by…
A…blood transfer. B…sexual intercourse. C…touch.
D…eating contaminated food.
E…drinking contaminated water.
F…droplets from a cough or sneeze.
C…touch.
D…eating contaminated food.
A…blood transfer.
F…droplets from a cough or sneeze.
E…drinking contaminated water.
B…sexual intercourse.
8C Infection death rates
Only 5.1% of deaths in Europe are caused by infectious diseases. Do you think that this figure would be different in the developing world? Why?
Pathogenesis
Immunity
• Surface Barriers-prevents micro-organisms from entering the cells of your body.
• Explain the human surface barriers
• Immune System
8C Defence!
How does your body defend itself against an infection
• Platelets• Lymphocytes- engulf and antibody• Antitoxin• Mucus• Hydrochloric Acid• Antibiotics and Fleming• Immunisation
8C Immunity
RECAP
• Mechanisms that stop us from getting ill
What happens if we do get ill?
• How do we know?
Common symptoms of Diseases
Fungal Disease Symptoms
Blemishes on the skin
Itchy, peeling skin
Fever
Spots
Rash
High temperature
Red Eyes
Lethargy
Symptoms
• Write down ANY symptoms of disease
What happens next?
Antibiotics1. Name 3 diseases that antibiotics can be used
against2. Name 3 diseases that antibiotics cannot be used
against3. Why do antibiotics not destroy viral infections?4. Why is it important to ensure that you complete
the dosage of antibiotics you are prescribed?5. What are the dangers in prescribing antibiotics too
readily?
DANGER
MRSA
Antibiotic Resistance
• Natural selection and evolution of bacterial strains.
• MRSA• Mutations • Epidemics and Pandemics
Bacterialpopulation Mutant bacterial cell is
resistant to a specific antibiotic
The resistant bacterial cellsurvives and divides to
generate a population ofantibiotic-resistant
bacteria
Antibiotic Resistance
Spontaneousmutation in
growingpopulation Bacterial population
exposed to antibiotic
• Make a flow chart, including diagrams, about how bacteria develop resistance to antibiotics
Widespread
• What is a main problem caused when new microorganisms emerge?
H5N1
How can we stop a pandemic/epidemic
Bird Flu - A Modern Pandemic?Start the following animation to see how the H5N1 virus could mutate to form a new human flu virus.
How can we reduce the risk of bacteria developing antibiotic resistance?
A 3 year old child suffering from chickenpox
A child suffering from smallpox
How can we protect ourselves from infection?
anthrax malariamumps rubella
measles polio
types of cancer rabies
diphtheria tuberculosisFlu hepatitis
VACCINES
Vaccinations
• Edward Jenner
Vaccination Process
How does it work
Number of Antibodies
Time
First Injection
Booster Injection
Disadvantages
• The MMR debate!
Modern methods of developing vaccines
How can we use the following to help us develop a vaccination?