Topic: The Topic: The Reproductive SystemReproductive System

AimAim: What is the function of the : What is the function of the Reproductive system?Reproductive system?

Do NowDo Now: Why is the reproductive : Why is the reproductive system necessary for the survival system necessary for the survival

of humans?of humans?

Why is the reproductive system Why is the reproductive system important?important?

•Individuals can survive Individuals can survive without the reproductive without the reproductive systemsystem

•Species cannot survive Species cannot survive without reproducingwithout reproducing

What is reproduction?What is reproduction?•Process through which living Process through which living

things produce new individuals things produce new individuals of the same kindof the same kind

•Reproduction occurs with the Reproduction occurs with the joining of two cells – egg and joining of two cells – egg and spermsperm

•The joining of an egg and sperm The joining of an egg and sperm is called is called FERTILIZATIONFERTILIZATION

What are the parts of the What are the parts of the MALEMALE reproductive system?reproductive system?

1.1. TestesTestes – produce sperm and – produce sperm and testosteronetestosterone

2.2. ScrotumScrotum – sac that protects the testes – sac that protects the testes

– – keeps testes cool for sperm keeps testes cool for sperm productionproduction

3.3. Sperm ducts (vas deferens)Sperm ducts (vas deferens) – tubes that – tubes that carry sperm from testes to urethracarry sperm from testes to urethra

4.4. GlandsGlands – produce fluids that make up – produce fluids that make up semen (used to transport sperm)semen (used to transport sperm)

Topic: The Topic: The Reproductive SystemReproductive System

AimAim: Why makes up the female : Why makes up the female reproductive system?reproductive system?

Do NowDo Now: What is fertilization? : What is fertilization? What two things are required for What two things are required for

fertilization to occur?fertilization to occur?

What are the parts of the What are the parts of the MALEMALE reproductive system?reproductive system?

5.5. UrethraUrethra – tube in the penis that carries – tube in the penis that carries sperm and urine out of the bodysperm and urine out of the body

6.6. PenisPenis – male organ that releases – male organ that releases sperm sperm and urine and urine

– – transfers sperm into the transfers sperm into the femalefemale

7.7. SpermSperm – male sex cells – male sex cells

The The MALEMALE Reproductive Reproductive SystemSystem

Sperm CellsSperm Cells

What are the parts of the What are the parts of the FEMALEFEMALE reproductive system?reproductive system?

1.1. OvariesOvaries – produce eggs, – produce eggs, estrogen, and progesteroneestrogen, and progesterone

2.2. Fallopian tubes (oviducts)Fallopian tubes (oviducts) – – tube that carries egg to the tube that carries egg to the uterus; site of fertilizationuterus; site of fertilization

3.3. UterusUterus – muscular organ where – muscular organ where a fertilized egg developsa fertilized egg develops

What are the parts of the What are the parts of the FEMALEFEMALE reproductive system?reproductive system?

4.4. CervixCervix – narrow, lower end of – narrow, lower end of the uterusthe uterus

5.5. Birth canal (vagina)Birth canal (vagina) – muscular – muscular tube that receives sperm from tube that receives sperm from the male; baby passes through the male; baby passes through during birthduring birth

6.6. EggsEggs – female sex cells – female sex cells

The The FEMALEFEMALE Reproductive Reproductive SystemSystem

The The FEMALEFEMALE Reproductive Reproductive SystemSystem

Question 1Question 1

The birth canal is called the The birth canal is called the _______._______.

A. cervixA. cervixB. oviductB. oviductC. uterusC. uterusD. vaginaD. vagina

Topic: The Topic: The Reproductive SystemReproductive System

AimAim: What is the menstrual : What is the menstrual cycle?cycle?

Do NowDo Now: What is another name : What is another name for the fallopian tubes? What are for the fallopian tubes? What are

the names of the male and the names of the male and female gametes?female gametes?

Egg CellsEgg Cells

Egg and Sperm – Egg and Sperm – FertilizationFertilization

Body cells contain 46 Body cells contain 46 chromosomes. How many chromosomes. How many

chromosomes does each sex chromosomes does each sex cell (sperm and egg) contain?cell (sperm and egg) contain?

•Sperm Sperm 23 23 •Egg Egg + +2323

46 → correct # of 46 → correct # of chromosomes after fertilization chromosomes after fertilization

What is the Menstrual What is the Menstrual Cycle?Cycle?

• Monthly cycle of change that occurs Monthly cycle of change that occurs in the female reproductive systemin the female reproductive system

• Cycle (28 days):Cycle (28 days):• Egg is released from ovaryEgg is released from ovary• Lining of the uterus thickens with Lining of the uterus thickens with

bloodblood• If no fertilization occurs, If no fertilization occurs, lining is shed lining is shed

from the bodyfrom the body – – MENSTRUATIONMENSTRUATION

The Menstrual CycleThe Menstrual Cycle

What is Ovulation?What is Ovulation?

•When a mature egg is released When a mature egg is released from the ovary into a fallopian from the ovary into a fallopian tubetube

•The only time an egg can be The only time an egg can be fertilized is during ovulation fertilized is during ovulation

•Ovulation usually lasts 1 – 2 daysOvulation usually lasts 1 – 2 days

OvulationOvulation

Developing ZygoteDeveloping Zygote

Topic: The Reproductive Topic: The Reproductive SystemSystem

AimAim: What is a fetus?: What is a fetus?

Do NowDo Now: Place HW on your desk. : Place HW on your desk.

How long is the menstrual cycle? How long is the menstrual cycle? Why do human gametes only Why do human gametes only

have 23 chromosomes? have 23 chromosomes?

Topic: The Reproductive Topic: The Reproductive SystemSystem

AimAim: How does the fetus develop : How does the fetus develop over nine months?over nine months?

Do NowDo Now: What is another name : What is another name for a fertilized egg?for a fertilized egg?

What happens after a sperm What happens after a sperm fertilizes an egg?fertilizes an egg?

• A fertilized egg is called a A fertilized egg is called a ZYGOTEZYGOTE• The zygote divides into The zygote divides into 22 cells which cells which

divide again…and again…and againdivide again…and again…and again

• Cell divisions in the first 8 weeks form Cell divisions in the first 8 weeks form an an EMBRYOEMBRYO – a newly formed organism – a newly formed organism

What is a fetus?What is a fetus?•An eight week old embryoAn eight week old embryo•The fetus has developed:The fetus has developed:•EyesEyes•EarsEars•CheeksCheeks•Arms Arms •LegsLegs

What happens to the egg What happens to the egg once it’s fertilized?once it’s fertilized?

-Zygote Zygote undergoes undergoes cleavage and cleavage and develops into a develops into a blastula as it blastula as it moves down the moves down the oviductoviduct

-Travels to uterus Travels to uterus implants itself implants itself on uterine liningon uterine lining

-Undergoes Undergoes gastrulationgastrulation

Nourishment of embryoNourishment of embryo

PlacentaPlacenta

Umbilical cordUmbilical cord

Amniotic fluidAmniotic fluid

•By By Day 21Day 21 the the heartheart begins to beat. begins to beat.

•By the By the 4th week4th week, the , the backbonebackbone and and musclesmuscles are forming. are forming. ArmsArms, , legslegs, , eyeseyes, and , and earsears have begun to show. have begun to show.

•By only By only Day 20Day 20 foundations of the foundations of the

brainbrain, , spinal cordspinal cord and and nervous nervous

systemsystem are already are already established.established.

•Now one monthNow one month old, the embryo is old, the embryo is 10,000 times larger than the original 10,000 times larger than the original fertilized egg and is developing rapidly.fertilized egg and is developing rapidly.

•At At Week 5Week 5 five five fingersfingers can be can be

discerned in the hand. discerned in the hand. The The eyeseyes darken as darken as

pigment is produced.pigment is produced.•Brain wavesBrain waves can be can be

detected and recorded.detected and recorded.

•At At Week 6Week 6 the the liverliver is now taking over is now taking over production of blood cells, the production of blood cells, the brainbrain begins begins to control muscle movements and organs.to control muscle movements and organs.

•Week 7Week 7 - The - The embryo begins to embryo begins to

movemove spontaneously. spontaneously. The The jawjaw forms, forms, including including teethteeth

buds in the gums. buds in the gums. •Soon the eyelids Soon the eyelids will seal to protect will seal to protect

the embryo’s the embryo’s developing light-developing light-

sensitive sensitive eyeseyes, , and will reopen at and will reopen at about the seventh about the seventh

month.month.

•By the By the 8th 8th WeekWeek the now- the now-called called fetusfetus is a is a little more than little more than

an inch long. an inch long. The fetus has The fetus has

now now everything everything found in a found in a

fully fully developed developed

adult.adult. •The The heartheart has been beating for more than a has been beating for more than a month, the month, the kidneyskidneys are functioning; the are functioning; the

stomachstomach is producing digestive juices. is producing digestive juices.•And it responds to touchAnd it responds to touch..

• At At Week 9Week 9 the tiny the tiny one has one has fingerprintsfingerprints and and will will curve its handcurve its hand around an object around an object placed in its palm.placed in its palm.

• By Week 10By Week 10 the the fetus can fetus can squintsquint, , swallowswallow, and , and wrinkle its wrinkle its foreheadforehead..At the At the 11th week11th week, the fetus is now about 2 , the fetus is now about 2

inches long. inches long. UrinationUrination occurs. Muscle occurs. Muscle movements are becoming more coordinated.movements are becoming more coordinated.

3m

•Now Now 3 months3 months old, the unborn old, the unborn sleepssleeps, , awakensawakens, and , and exercises its musclesexercises its muscles. It . It

““breathesbreathes” amniotic fluid to help develop its ” amniotic fluid to help develop its respiratory system.respiratory system.

Fine Fine hairhair is growing on the head. is growing on the head.

4m•At At 4 4

monthsmonths the the fetus is 8-10 fetus is 8-10 inches long inches long and weighs and weighs

half a pound.half a pound.•The mother The mother

starts to starts to “show.” The “show.” The baby’s baby’s earsears

are are functional.functional.

•It can hear It can hear its mother.its mother.

•The fetus at The fetus at 5 months5 months is now about 12 is now about 12 inches long. There is definite movement felt by inches long. There is definite movement felt by the mother. The unborn may jump in reactions the mother. The unborn may jump in reactions to startling or loud noises.to startling or loud noises.

•At the At the 6th 6th monthmonth oiloil and and sweat sweat glandsglands are are now now functioning. functioning. The delicate The delicate skinskin is is protected protected from the from the fetal waters fetal waters by a special by a special ointment ointment called called ““vernixvernix.”.”

Born now and given proper Born now and given proper care,care,

the baby would survive…the baby would survive…

•At At Month 7Month 7 the baby now the baby now usesuses the four the four senses of senses of hearing, vision, taste, and hearing, vision, taste, and touchtouch. The child can . The child can respondrespond to his or her to his or her mother’s voice.mother’s voice.

•In the In the 8th 8th monthmonth the skin the skin begins to begins to thicken with a thicken with a layer of fat layer of fat stored stored underneath for underneath for insulation and insulation and nourishment. nourishment. Antibodies Antibodies increasingly increasingly build up.build up.

•The baby is nearly ready for life outside the The baby is nearly ready for life outside the womb.womb.

•Toward the end Toward the end of this month the of this month the baby is ready for baby is ready for

birth. By this birth. By this time the infant time the infant

normally weighs normally weighs 6 to 9 pounds, 6 to 9 pounds, and his or her and his or her

heart is pumping heart is pumping 300 gallons of 300 gallons of blood per day.blood per day.

SummarySummary: In a short : In a short paragraph, explain how the paragraph, explain how the

fetus changes throughout the fetus changes throughout the pregnancy.pregnancy.

Topic: The Topic: The Reproductive SystemReproductive System

AimAim: : How does the number of offspring How does the number of offspring compare in different organisms?compare in different organisms?

Do NowDo Now: List four characteristics of : List four characteristics of a fetus. a fetus.

SummarySummary: How does the number of : How does the number of offspring compare in the different offspring compare in the different organisms from the lab? Give a organisms from the lab? Give a possible reason as to why some possible reason as to why some organisms give birth to multiple organisms give birth to multiple

offspring each pregnancy.offspring each pregnancy.

Topic: The Topic: The Reproductive SystemReproductive System

AimAim: : How is the baby nourished?How is the baby nourished?

Do NowDo Now: Why would an organism : Why would an organism with a short life span have multiple with a short life span have multiple

offspring at birth? offspring at birth?

How is the baby protected and How is the baby protected and nourished during pregnancy?nourished during pregnancy?

• Attaches to the walls of the uterusAttaches to the walls of the uterus• Becomes surrounded by membranesBecomes surrounded by membranes• A fluid filled sac called the A fluid filled sac called the AMNIOTIC AMNIOTIC

SACSAC cushions and protects the baby cushions and protects the baby with with amniotic fluidamniotic fluid

• The embryo receives food and oxygen The embryo receives food and oxygen AND removes wastesAND removes wastes through the through the PLACENTAPLACENTA

• The embryo is attached to the placenta The embryo is attached to the placenta by the by the UMBILICAL CORDUMBILICAL CORD

What happens after nine What happens after nine months?months?

•BIRTHBIRTH – baby comes out of the birth – baby comes out of the birth canal (vagina) and into the worldcanal (vagina) and into the world

What are the developmental What are the developmental stages after birth?stages after birth?

1.1. InfancyInfancy: 1 month – 2 years old; : 1 month – 2 years old; rapid growth occurs; mental rapid growth occurs; mental and muscular developmentand muscular development

2.2. ChildhoodChildhood: 2 – 13 years old; : 2 – 13 years old; memory and mental abilities memory and mental abilities increase; language increase; language development; social behaviorsdevelopment; social behaviors

What are the developmental What are the developmental stages after birth?stages after birth?

3.3. AdolescenceAdolescence: age 13 – 20; : age 13 – 20; beginning of adolescence is beginning of adolescence is called called PUBERTYPUBERTY – – development of sex organsdevelopment of sex organs

4.4. AdulthoodAdulthood: age 20 and older; : age 20 and older; full physical and mental full physical and mental maturitymaturity

Topic: The Topic: The Reproductive SystemReproductive System

AimAim: Test – Reproductive : Test – Reproductive system?system?

Do NowDo Now: Study your notes for 5 : Study your notes for 5 minutes.minutes.