Topic and Local anesthetics

Institute of Biomedical Sciences

Dentist Surgeon Program

Dra. Lucero Ivonne Gaspar De Los Santos

Dr. Alfredo Nevárez Rascón

Local anesthesia

Anesthesia to been definite like: The loss of the sensantions

in an circumscribed area of the body without presenting loss

of the conscience

Figura1 http://www.google.com.mx/

imgres?q=anestesicos+locales+en+odont

ologia

Anesthetics works on membranes and can depress the

cardiac activity.

Hemodynamic effects may result in low blood pressure, in

high doses can cause I paralyze cardiovascular.

Over doses may

characterized by:

•Nausea

•Vomit

•Sickness

•Fotosensibility

•Conffusion

•Difficulty for language

•Tremblings

•Agitation

•Convulsions

In the second

phase

(depressive), it but

important is the

respiratory

depression, that

carries to

respiratory

unemployment.

ORIGIN

Naturals

Synthetics

Cocaine

Procaine

Lidocaine

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estesicos+locales+en+odontologia

ADMINISTRATION

Topics

Intravenous

Mixed

Benzocaine

Mepivacaine

Prilocaine

(Topic,

Intravenous),

Lidocaine

TIMES OF ACTION

Short

Intermediate

prolonged

(1 hour)

Procaine

(2 hours)

Lidocaine

Mepivacaine

(+ 3 hours)

Bupivacaine

Tetracaine

Esteres

Benzoic acid:

Cocaine

PABA: Procaine,

Tetracaine

CHEMICAL

STRUCTURE Amides

Lidocaine

Mepivacaine

Bupivacaine

Anesthetics of common use in

dentistry Cocaine: It is the unique analgesic local one used in dentistry

and that not this synthesized. It was the first analgesic local

one utilized, thanks to the investigation of the Dr. Carl Koller in

1884.

Procaine: Einhorn I synthesize it for the first time in 1904. It is

absorbed quickly in the place of injection, can cause allergies

and to sensitize the patient.

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ocal

Tetracaine: The main use is to produce analgesia superficial.

It is but toxica that the Procaine, but relatively but sure, since

its action is of greater power and can be employed in smaller

concentration.

Lidocaine: It synthesized for the first time in 1943, is the but

used of the local anesthetics. Is extremely efficient. It is

stable, tolerates the boiling. The analgesic action is

established quickly, is two times but efficient that the Procaine

and is of greater duration (3 hours).

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ina+como+anestesico+local

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tesicos+locales

Mepivacaine: Very it seemed to the Lidocaine. Has a period

of short action that is profitable in some dental procedures.

Bupivacaine: The time in which begins its effect is smaller that

the Lidocaine and Mepivacaine, but its duration is almost the

double one of the Lidocaine. It can be considered like the

anesthetic but insurance in dentistry and has been used in

cardiovascular patients without no objection. Is 4 times but

powerful that the Lidocaine.

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estesicos+locales+en+odontologia

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

* Easy administration

* The team that is utilized is

minimum

*Ideal in superficial and

brief operations

* It lacks of acceptance of

the technique by the

patient

* Difficulty to block certain

part of the body

* Abrasions, injured or

any wound in the place of

puncture that can

contaminate the

procedure

Topic anesthesia

Definition: analgesia superficial produced by the application of

a topic anesthetic in the shape of solution, gel or ointment on

the skin, a mucous membrane or gores it.

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gres?q=anestesia+topica

The anesthesia of the oral mucous membrane is produces by

application of watery solutions or gels of you leave local

anesthetics.

These anesthetics produce anesthesia of the zone where they

apply, but with a brief duration.

The local anesthetics are absorbed very fast, therefore, they

are administered with care, since always the risk of reactions

exists systemic toxics.

The topic anesthetics are of excellent utility to prevent pain

upon inserting the needle in the weavings.

MECHANISM OF ACCION: when we place the anesthesia in

the mucous membrane this is absorbed and then exercises its

anesthetic action.

Due to that in their composition do not they contain the

absorbent portion do not they penetrate deeply in the

weavings.

Benzocaine: it is the anesthetic but utilized in dentistry

* Its period of latencia: 30 seg.

* Duration of effects: 10 to 15min

Topics in gel, liquid and spray

Topic anesthesia in gel with 20% of benzocaine

It utilized to eliminate temporarily the pain

during procedures just as regional, local

anesthesia, takes of impressions and x-rays

Comfortable for patients with you ulcerate and

other smaller oral irritations.

Topicaine Gel

flavor strawberry

Quickly action and without retrogusto bitter

Topic Anesthesia liquidates with 20% of

benzocaine

It utilized to eliminate temporarily the pain

during procedures just as regional, local

anesthesia, takes of impressions and x-rays

Comfortable for patients with you ulcerate and

other smaller oral irritations.

flavor mentions

Quickly action and without retrogusto bitter

Topicaine liquidate

Topic anesthetic with 15% of lidocaine in spray

Is insurance

Virtually without absorption system

Quickly: start in 20 seconds

Anesthesia in the oral cavity, especially in local

or regional blockade, drainage of abscesses sub

mucous, extractions of teeth deciduos or

permanent, mobile and of tartraje.

Topicaine spray

ADVANTAGES

DISADVANTAGES

* Is of easy administration

* The team that is utilized is

minimum

* Low cost

* It is absorbed too slow

* Itself should not apply

patients with hypersensitivity

to this

*It is not convenient to use it

in children less than 2 years

Bibliography

https://docs.google.com

http://www.slideshare.net/daniselgil/anestesicos-locales-presentation

http://bibliotecadigital.ilce.edu.mx/sites/ciencia/volumen3/ciencia3/130/html

/sec_16.html

http://www.pharmadent.com.uy/web-esp-anestesicos-topicos.htm

Libro: Anestesia local, Stanley F. Malameb