Topic 5: Energy and Earth Processes. Energy Transfer Learning Objectives Describe the difference...
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Transcript of Topic 5: Energy and Earth Processes. Energy Transfer Learning Objectives Describe the difference...
![Page 1: Topic 5: Energy and Earth Processes. Energy Transfer Learning Objectives Describe the difference between kinetic and potential energy and give one real-life.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062806/5697bfc91a28abf838ca8b86/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Topic 5: Energy and Earth Processes
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Energy Transfer Learning Objectives
• Describe the difference between kinetic and potential energy and give one real-life example of each.
• Describe the three ways energy is transferred between objects.
• Give at least one real-life example for each type of energy transfer.
• Explain how electromagnetic energy travels.• Explain how types of energy are different apart.• Give examples of materials which make the best absorbers
and reflectors of energy.
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Temperature Learning Objectives
• Convert temperatures between the three temperature scales.• Describe the relationship between temperature and
molecular motion.• Describe absolute zero in terms of molecular motion.
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Temperature Learning Objectives
• Explain the concept of specific heat in your own words and with real-life examples.
• Use the ESRTs to predict which earth materials will heat the fastest or slowest based upon their specific
• heats.• Identify that water (liquid) has the highest specific heat of any
Earth material.• Explain why, in terms of specific heat, materials that are good
absorbers are also good radiators.
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Heating of Water Learning Objectives
• Correctly label the water heating graph with the following characteristics: freezing, melting, condensing, and evaporating.
• Identify when heat is being gained or lost by water on the water heating graph.
• Explain which phase changes require the biggest gains/losses of energy for water.
• Calculate the rate of temperature change for water.
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Energy: The ability to do work
Earth’s two Heat Engines
1) External: The sun drives surface processes
Effects: Wind patterns and ocean currents
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2.) Internal: Decay of radioactive elements
Effects: Plate tectonics
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Electromagnetic Energy
Form: Energy that travel in the form of waves
Characteristics
Wavelength: Distance from crest to crest
What is the name given to different types of radiation?
Electromagnetic radiation
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Interactions Between Electromagnetic Energy and the Environment
1) Refraction: Waves are bent due to density differences
2) Reflection: Light waves bounce off of materials
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3) Scattering: Waves are reflected and refracted in all directions
Explanation
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4) Transmitted: Light waves are able to pass through
5) Absorbed: Light waves are taken into the material and turned to heat
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Surface Properties of Absorption
Color: Dark absorbs and light colors reflect
Texture:Rough absorbs and Smooth reflects
Relationship between absorption and radiation:
Good absorbers of radiation are also good radiators!!!!!!
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Transfer of Energy
Direction of energy transfer: Always goes from high to low
Achieving Dynamic Equilibrium: Heat is transferred until temps. are equal
Types of Energy Transfer
1) Conduction: Energy moves from direct contact of particles
Materials: Most often with solids
Eureka
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2) Convection: Transfer of energy due to density differences
Materials: Only occurs in fluids (liquids and gasses)
Where does it occur? Atmosphere and bodies of H2O
Eureka
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3) Radiation:
Material:
The transfer of energy in the form of waves
No medium necessaryThe more energy an object has the more it gives off!!!
Eureka
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Transformation of Mechanical Energy
Mechanical Energy: The total kinetic and potential energy in a system
Kinetic Energy: The energy of motion
Potential Energy:
Mass and velocity
Factors of P.E.:
Stored energy
Factors of K.E.:
Mass and position
Transformation of P.E. to K.E.
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Transformation of Electromagnetic Radiation
What is the relationship between temp. and wavelength of light that is radiated? Smaller Wavelength = More Energy
Does the sun radiate shorter or longer wavelengths of light than earth ? Shorter (Sun emits UV and Visible)
Which wavelength of light is radiated from earth? Infrared
Can This Be A Problem ????
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Greenhouse Doom and Gloom
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Temperature and Heat
Kinetic theory of matter: All matter is made of atoms that are moving
What is the relationship between kinetic energy and temp.?
Temperature: Average kinetic energy of a system or object
Direct
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Heat and Thermal Energy
Hot: Energy leaves the object and goes to body
Cold: Energy leaves the body and goes to object
Calorie: Energy needed to change the temperature of one gram of water 10 c
Liquid water has a higher specific heat than any other natural substance!!!!!!!!!
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Heat Energy and Changes in State
Melting: Solid to liquid
Sublimation:
Freezing: Liquid to a solid
Solidification: Liquid to a solid
Evaporation: Liquid to a gas
Condensation: Gas to a liquid
Solid directly to a gas
Precipitation: Gas directly to a solid
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Notice what Happens to Temperature
Temp. increases (molecules move faster)From -100 to 0:During melting: Bonds break (334 J/g used)
0-100: Temp. of liquid water increasesWater being liberated (2260J/g used) During Vaporization:
100 to 200: Temp. of gaseous water increasing
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Earth’s Energy Supply
Most Intense:
Solar Energy
Visible and Ultraviolet
Shortest wavelength (UV=sunburn)
Wave lengths:
Nuclear FusionWhat Produces Solar Energy:
Secrets of the Sun
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Earth’s Own Energy
1) Remains from when earth first formed
2) Materials that are under extreme pressure
3) Radioactive decay of elements
Overwhelming