Topic 2 The prevalence of HIV/AIDS and its

potential impact on individuals, communities and countries

Slide 2.1

Assessment Task 1

Individuals and organisations and individuals in my community, region, or country who are helping to reduce the transmission of HIV

Slide 2.2

A person is said to have AIDS when

Their immune system is damaged by a virus called HIV and their body cannot fight certain diseases

tuberculosis

types of pneumonia

cancers

These are called opportunistic infections You can get very sick and can dieSlide 2.3

 The immune system is . . .

Slide 2.4

A = Acquired

 

I D = Immunodeficiency

 

S = Syndrome

 

Acquired Immunodeficiency SyndromeSlide 2.5

AIDS is caused by infection with the virus called HIV 

H = Human I = Immnodeficiency V = Virus

Slide 2.6

The main ways that HIV is transmitted from person to person is by

• People engaging in certain types of sexual activity with an infected person

• People using needles and syringes that have already been used by an infected person

• People receiving blood from an infected person• An infected woman passing on the infection during

pregnancy or when breastfeeding

Slide 2.7

Stages of HIV infection

If you were infected with HIV today• The HIV starts to reproduce inside you• You could feel a little bit sick in a few weeks or a

few months. Or you could feel very well• You can be well for many years.• In 4-5 years or maybe 15-20 years you could sick

enough to be said to have AIDS.

HIV is not AIDS Slide 2.8

People may not know that they have HIV

Slide 2.9

You cannot tell just by looking at someone if they have HIV or not

Slide 2.10

There is no cure!!

Slide 2.11

You want to avoid being infected with HIV because . . . .

Slide 2.12

Global Summary of the HIV/AIDS Epidemic (December 2006)

 People living with HIV/AIDS39.5 million (34.1 – 47.1 million)

 People newly infected with HIV in 2006

4.3 million (3.6 – 6.6 million) 

AIDS deaths in 2006 2.9 million (2.5 - 3.5 million)

Source: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and World Health Organisation (WHO) (2006). Global summary of AIDS epidemic update : 2006. Website address: http://www.unaids.org

Slide 2.13a

South and South East Asia

Total with HIV = 7.8 million

Over 860,000 people acquired HIV in 2006

590,000 people died of AIDS in 2006

In majority of countries the prevalence among adults is <1% 

 Source: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and World Health Organisation (WHO) (2006). AIDS epidemic update : 2006. Website address: http://www.unaids.org/

Slide 2.13b

 ChinaXinjiang Yunnan, and Sichuan Provinces have serious HIV epidemics, prevalence rates amongst IDUs exceeding 50%

CambodiaHIV prevalence has remained stable at about 3% since late 1990’s however there are growing concerns about HIV due to sexual transmission.

Source: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and World Health Organisation (WHO) (2006). AIDS epidemic update : 2006. Website address: http://www.unaids.org

Slide 2.13c

  VietnamIn the north-east states, as well as in major cities injecting drug use is evident in several Vietnamese cities. Large proportions of male injecting drug users engage in unprotected sex, including paid sex (40% in Bac Ninh province in the north of Viet Nam, for example) (Schumacher et al., 2006).

Source: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and World Health Organisation (WHO) (2006). AIDS epidemic update : 2006. Website address: http://www.unaids.org/

Slide 2.13d 

By limiting the spread of HIV among IDUS, we can help protect anyone they have sex with, and then anyone they have sex with. By helping to limit the spread of HIV, we can help protect our sons and daughters, and all children. Source: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and World Health Organisation (WHO) (2006). AIDS epidemic update : 2006. Website address: http://www.unaids.org/

Slide 2.13e

Myanmar

Has little time to lose IDU and sex workers are responsible for most of the transmission of HIV

Source: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and World Health Organisation (WHO) (2006). AIDS epidemic update : 2006. Website address: http://www.unaids.org/

Slide 2.13f

Assessment Task 2

Knowledge Test

Slide 2.14

Guest speaker

Slide 2.15

 Activity

 What is the impact on your community and country of people being infected with HIV? What will be the impact on your country of increasing numbers of people becoming infected?

Slide 2.16

 Key points • HIV is on the increase• There are large numbers of men, women, and children

infected• People can have HIV and feel and look well• HIV is easily spread by some activities• HIV is bad for the person infected, bad for their families, and

bad for the country• The spread of HIV and hence the amount of harm to the

country can be reduced• We need to reach everyone, especially Injecting Drugs

Users, and help them reduce their chances of being infectedSlide 2.17