http://www.tools4noobs.com/summarize/ BHM-1st Semester- Paper – V F&B service – 1 UUC/BSHMT/2015-16

Unit – I: Introduction & Growth of Hotel Industry in India Hotels & the Catering Industry as we know started in the 19th century with the development of major cities, easier sea travel & coming up of railways. During Mogul rule, the forts & their surroundings would cater to the needs of the traveller often in exchange for no more than the story of their adventures during their travel or any news from other towns and villages they passed by. In India, resting houses called serais/sarais and dharamshallas were established on high ways by kings and emperors of ancient and medieval periods. Movement of people both political and pilgrimage stressed the need for better and improved facilities to cater to the varied needs of the various classes of the society. In India, development of catering can also be attributed also to the legacy left by people belonging to different cultures and ethnic groups who have ruled her. Development of catering in India as we see it today is chiefly due to the British, who had introduced hotels and restaurants similar to those found in Europe. Most of modern hotels that sprouted were managed by European families. The Bombay hotel was opened in 1799. The British brought modern hotels to Kolkata. The Oldest was John Spence's Hotel. Spence's, the first ever hotel in Asia was opened to the public in 1830. The credit for opening the first Western style hotel under the name of British Hotel in Bombay in 1840, goes to Pallonjee Pestonjee was the first hotel to give a la carte and table de hôte menu. Then came the Auckland hotel by David Wilson in Calcutta in the year 1840-41 (now - The Great Eastern Hotel - officially Lalit Great Eastern Hotel) is a colonial era hotel in the Indian city of Kolkata - formerly Calcutta) and Connemara hotel in madras in the year 1870 by E. A. Oakshroff. But now this property belongs to Taj group. Today, ITDC provides a complete range of tourism services, including accommodation, catering, and entertainment and shopping, hotel consultancy, duty free shops, and an in-house travel agency. The India Tourism Development Corporation (ITDC) was set up in 1966 as a corporation under the Indian Companies Act of 1956, with the merger of Janpath Hotel India Ltd. In 1971-72, a beautiful palace of Rajasthan was linked up to the Taj, the lake palace in Udaipur, a marble dream, afloat lake pichola and the Rambagh palace, originally created at the height of Rajput splendour in Jaipur. In 1903 he raised finance invested his own money, hired the best architects and craftsmen and build the exquisitely beautiful Taj Mahal hotel in Bombay with 220 rooms. Mohan Singh Oberoi took Carlton hotel in Shimla on lease in 1927, renamed as Clarks hotel. He took a building in 1933 and built grand hotel in Calcutta. Three Welcome Group Hotels were commissioned between 1975 and 1977; these were non-franchised hotels, inspired by the slogan "Be Indian, Buy Indian" and using Indian expertise. Ultimately, however, these hotels adopted the Sheraton system in 1978 and used the services of expatriates for the purposes of upgrading staff training and installing Sheraton operating systems-all without a management contract. This gave the Welcome Group a good start. When India agreed to host the 1982 Asian Games, the GoI granted licenses for building hotels to the Taj Palace, Asian Hotels Hyatt Regency, India Tourism Development Corporation - Lodhi Hotel, Samrat Hotel, Kanishka, Le Meridien, and Surya Sofitel, with the stipulation that their new hotels had to be completed in time for the games. India hosted the Commonwealth Games in 2010, at Delhi. It was India's most successful Commonwealth Games to date with Indian athletes winning 38 gold, 27 silver and 36 bronze medals. This also added to growth of hotel industry in India. Tourism & Hospitality Industry in India contributed Foreign Exchange Earnings (FEEs) during the month of December 2014 were Rs 12,875 crore (US$ 2.03 billion) as compared to Rs 11,994 crore (US$1.9 billion) in December 2013. Foreign Tourist Arrivals, in India, during 2014 was 7.46 million, which translates to a 7.1% growth over the previous year. The Indian Rupee was relatively stable against the US Dollar and from 59/$ as at the beginning of the year, the exchange rate hovered around 61/$ levels on the average and closed at 62/$ at the yearend for the year 2014-15. GDP growth in India during the year is estimated at 7.4%. Inflation has decreased significantly from as high as 11.2% in November, 2013 to 5.2% in March, 2015. International tourist arrivals, worldwide, have grown to 1.14 billion in 2014, 4.7% above 2013 and are likely to grow 3% to 4% in 2015. Foreign Exchange Earnings (FEEs) have grown by 6.6% at US$ 19.65 billion for the year.

http://www.tools4noobs.com/summarize/ BHM-1st Semester- Paper – V F&B service – 1 UUC/BSHMT/2015-16

TAJ HOTELS RESORTS AND PALACES:

Indian Hotels Company Limited (IHCL), branded as Taj Group, is a chain of hotels and resorts headquartered at Oxford House in

Mumbai, which was incorporated by the founder of the Tata group, Jamsetji Tata, in the year 1903. This company is a part of the

Tata group, one of India's largest business conglomerates. As of 2015, Taj Group operates 108 hotels across India and 17 hotels in

the UK, USA, Africa, Maldives, Malaysia, Bhutan, Sri Lanka and the Middle East, and employed over 13000 people in the year

2010. Taj Group also owns a few private islands.

Jamsetji Nusserwanji Tata (1868-1904), founder of the Tata Group, opened the Taj Mahal Palace, a hotel in Mumbai (then,

Bombay) overlooking the Arabian Sea, on 16 December 1903. It was the first Taj property and the first Taj hotel.

The Taj Group also began its business in metropolitan hotels in the 1970s, opening the five-star deluxe hotel Taj Coromandel in

Chennai in 1974, acquiring an equity interest and operating contract for the Taj President, a business hotel in Mumbai, in 1977, and

opening the Taj Mahal Hotel in Delhi in 1978.

Concurrently with the expansion of its luxury hotel chain in the major metropolitan cities, the Taj Group also expanded its business

hotels division in the major metropolitan and large secondary cities in India.

With the opening of the five star deluxe hotel Taj Bengal in Kolkata in 1989; the Taj Group became the only hotel chain with a

presence in the five major metropolitan cities of Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkatta, Bangalore and Chennai.

The Company Indian Hotels Company Limited (IHCL) was incorporated in 1902 and it opened its first hotel, The Taj Mahal Palace &

Tower, Mumbai, in 1903.

With the completion of its initial public offering in the early 1970s, the Company began a long term programme of geographic

expansion and development of new tourist destinations in India which led to its emergence as a leading hotel chain in India.

In 1980, the Taj Group took its first step internationally by opening its first hotel outside India, the Taj Sheba Hotel in Sana'a, Yemen

and in the late 1980s, acquired interests in the Crown Plaza - James Court, London and 51 Buckingham Gate Luxury Suites and

Apartments in London.

In the year 2000, the company entered into a partnership with the GVK Reddy Group to set up Taj GVK Hotels and Resorts Ltd and

thereby obtained a prominent position in the market in the southern business city of Hyderabad, holding three hotels and a major

share of the market.

In the year 2001, the company took on the management contract of Taj Palace Hotel, Dubai, and established themselves as an up-

market hotel in the Middle East region.

In September 2002, the company acquired equity interest in the former Regent Hotel in Bandra which gave the Taj Group access to

the midtown and North Mumbai market.

In the year 2003, the company celebrated the centenary of the opening of their Flagship hotel, the Taj Mahal Palace & Tower,

Mumbai.

In the year 2005, the company acquired on lease The Pierre, a renowned hotel in New York City, to enter the luxury end of the

developed hotel markets internationally.

In October 2006, as per the scheme of arrangement, Indian Resorts Hotel Ltd, Gateway Hotels and Getaway Resorts Ltd, Kuteeram

Resorts Pvt Ltd, Asia Pacific Hotels Ltd and Taj Lands End Ltd were amalgamated with the company.

Taj Group launched one new Vivanta by Taj hotel during the latter part of the year at Dwarka, New Delhi, besides three new

Gateway hotels at Raipur, Gondia and Gurgaon, respectively.

The company was active in converting former royal palaces in India into world class luxury hotels such as the Taj Lake Palace in

Udaipur, the Rambagh Palace in Jaipur and Umaid Bhawan Palace in Jodhpur.

During the year 2009-10, the company added seven new hotels in the Taj portfolio which included Vivanta by Taj at Panaji, Goa and

The Gateway Hotel, Jodhpur apart from the 5 Ginger hotels at Durg, Guwahati, Pune, Jamshedpur and Surat.

The Group also entered into a new management contract for a new Taj at Downtown, Dubai (296 rooms). Also, the Taj Group

exited two of its international properties at Marrakech and Sydney, respectively. The Group currently has a portfolio of 33 Ginger

hotels with an inventory of 3,038 rooms (including 5 hotels under management contract and one transit guest house).

The inventory of the Taj Group of Hotels now stands at 131 hotels with 15,751 rooms.

Total Income for the year ended March 31, 2015 at ` 2,103.60 crores was higher than previous year by 6%. While Room Income

was higher by 3% than the previous year due to improved ARR, Food & Beverage income increased by 5% over the previous year,

aided by growth in restaurant sales and banqueting income

http://www.tools4noobs.com/summarize/ BHM-1st Semester- Paper – V F&B service – 1 UUC/BSHMT/2015-16

Twelve hotels of the Taj group are members of the Leading Hotels of the World. The following table is a list of those twelve hotels:

Continent Country Town / City / Location Hotel Name

Africa South Africa Cape Town Taj Cape Town

Asia India Bangalore The Taj West End

Hyderabad Taj Falaknuma Palace

Jaipur Rambagh Palace

Jodhpur Umaid Bhawan Palace

Kolkata Taj Bengal[14]

Mumbai The Taj Mahal Palace

New Delhi The Taj Mahal Hotel

Udaipur Taj Lake Palace

Maldives Malé Atoll (South) Taj Exotica Resort & Spa

North America USA Boston Taj Boston

New York The Pierre

San Francisco Taj Campton Place

For his contributions Chairman Ratan Tata received the Padma Vibhushan in 2008 and Padma Bhushan in 2000, the second and

third highest civilian honours awarded by the Government of India.

OBEROI HOTELS & RESORTS:

Rai Bahadur mohan Singh Oberoi, chairman and founder of Oberoi hotel was born in august 1900 in bhaun, a small village in what

is now Pakistan. Soon after his marriage in 1922 he arrived penniless in Shimla, and found a job as a front office clerk in the Cecil

hotel at a salary of Rs.40 per month. In 1934, he bought Clarks hotel by mortgaging all his assets and selling his wife‟s jewellery.

In the early 1930‟s a cholera epidemic struck Calcutta and the grand hotel, the largest in the city was forced to close. In 1938, Mr.

Oberoi acquired the grand and converted it into a profitable business venture. The Oberoi grand remains to this day Calcutta‟ s

leading hotel.

In 1943, Mr. Oberoi took over the associate of India with eight hotels in northern India including the Cecil in Simla, maidens and

imperial in Delhi, and 4 hotels now in Pakistan. The Oberoi chain grew rapidly with hotels in Gopalpur, Darjeeling, Chandigarh and

Srinagar.

The EIH Limited Company was incorporated as a public limited company in India on 26 May 1949 and its initial business activity

was as the lessee and operator of The Oberoi Palace Hotel in Srinagar, Kashmir.

The Oberoi international in New Delhi, which opened in 1965, was the first modern luxury hotel in the capital. The 35-storey Oberoi

towers opened in Bombay in 1978, the tallest building in India. Mr. Oberois dedication to the industry is evident from the Oberoi

centre of learning and development (OCLD) based in Delhi.

Oberoi is now part of the international chain of hotels which has properties not only in India but also in Australia, Indonesia, Egypt,

Sri Lanka, Singapore, Zanzibar and Nepal.

Today The Oberoi Group, founded in 1934, operates 30 hotels, a Nile Cruiser and a Motor Vessel in the backwaters of Kerala. The

Group has presence in six countries under the luxury 'Oberoi' and five-star 'Trident' brand. The Group is also engaged in flight

catering, airport restaurants, travel and tour services, car rentals, project management and corporate air charters. The hotels are:

The Oberoi, Bengaluru, The Oberoi Grand, Kolkata, The Oberoi, Gurgaon, The Oberoi Amarvilas, Agra, The Oberoi Rajvilas,

Jaipur, The Oberoi Udaivilas, Udaipur, The Oberoi Vanyavilas, Ranthambhore, Wildflower Hall, Shimla in the Himalayas, The

Oberoi Cecil, Shimla, The Oberoi Motor Vessel Vrinda, Kerala, The Oberoi, Dubai, The Oberoi, Sahl Hasheesh, The Oberoi Zahra,

Egypt, The Oberoi, Bali, The Oberoi, Lombok, The Oberoi, Mauritius and The Oberoi, Madina.

Rai Bahadur M.S. Oberoi was named as “Man of the world” for 1983 at the annual convention of the international hotel association

in New York and selected as the outstanding hotelier of the year by the hotels and restaurants international. In 2001, the

Government of India accorded him the Padma Bhushan.

M.S Oberoi‟s achievements and successes did not, however, take from his simplicity and old-fashioned charm. He retained, until his

death in May 2002 at the age of 103, a unique humility. M.S Oberoi can rightly be called as the „Father of the Indian hotel industry.

The EIH limited posted Profit After Tax was ` 966 million in 2014-156, as compared to ` 950 million in the previous year which is an

increase of approximately 2%. The Company continues to be largely engaged in hospitality and related services.

http://www.tools4noobs.com/summarize/ BHM-1st Semester- Paper – V F&B service – 1 UUC/BSHMT/2015-16

WELCOMGROUP: refer for short note – write matter only in text box ITC Hotels, with its credo of “Responsible Luxury”, stands apart not only for its exquisite signature properties, cuisine and service excellence but also for being the greenest luxury hotel chain in the world. With 4 distinct brands – ITC Luxury Collection, WelcomHotels, Fortune and WelcomHeritage – ITC‟s properties span the luxury, five star, mid-market to upscale and heritage leisure segments. ITC Limited entered the hotel business on 18 October 1975 with the opening of a hotel in Chennai, which was renamed Hotel Chola. In 2006.

ITC Restaurants Bukhara, Peshawari, Dakshin, DumPukht ‘and’ Kebabs & Kurries are well known cuisine brands today. They market a line of food products, Kitchens of India.

ITC Hotels has one of the most extensive art collections in India. A museum of their collection is being planned in Kolkata. ITC Grand Bharat is their latest hotel established in Manesar, Gurgaon.

ITC hotels symbolized by its distinctive ‘Namaste’ logo, ITC Hotels integrated India‟s fine tradition of hospitality

with globally benchmarked services.

The trusteeship role related to social and environmental resources, aligned to the pursuit of economic objectives, is the cornerstone of its Environment, Health & Safety philosophy for which it has won many awards and accolades. With a string of firsts to its credit, ITC Hotels pioneered the concepts of branded accommodation, branded cuisine, environment and guest safety. With more than 100 hotels in over 70 destinations in the country, each ITC Hotel is a true reflection of the culture and ethos of the destination, with one common legacy – 'Warmth'.

ITC Hotels has a long standing tie-up with Starwood Hotels for its top of the line premium brand, the 'Luxury Collection' for ten of its

hotels as also with the “Sheraton” brand for 1 of its hotels. ITC Hotels has strategically customized its hotels and appropriately

categorized them to fulfill the service and budgetary needs of travelers.

GROWTH UNDER FOUR BRANDS:

1. ITC Hotels - The Luxury Collection

The association of ITC Hotels & The Luxury Collection presents a unique set of hotels in a bouquet of enriching experiences that

celebrate the spirit & distinctive character of each destination. Eleven exceptional hotels bring you the architectural grandeur of

ancient dynasties and the cultural ethos of different regions of the Indian peninsula. ITC Hotels - The Luxury Collection are super

deluxe and premium hotels located at strategic business and leisure locations.

2. WelcomHotel | Sheraton

Synonymous with customer centricity and efficiency, an exquisite ITC Hotels have been aligned under the renowned Sheraton

brand, offering warm, comforting services to the global traveler. Designed to cater to the discerning business and leisure traveler

offering five-star hospitality, WelcomHotels are a haven for personalized services that make every visit memorable.

3. Fortune Hotels

Located across India including smaller towns and cities, Fortune Hotels is one of the leading first-class, full service business hotel

chains in India catering to the mid-market to upscale segment in business and leisure destinations.

4. WelcomHeritage Hotels

WelcomHeritage brings together a chain of palaces, forts, havelis and resorts that offer a unique experience.

ITC Hotels was perhaps the first hotel chain in the mid-1980s to foresee a boom in business travel and realized distinct needs of the

corporate traveller. Branding led to the creation of separate categories of rooms, each with a different service design, aimed at

different target segments. The different room categories were branded Executive Club, The Towers and lately, ITC One.

Going beyond the corporate travellers, the chain's flagship hotels, ITC Maurya, New Delhi and ITC Windsor, Bangalore have had

the proud privilege of hosting many world leaders: from former US President Bill Clinton, Russian President Vladimir Putin, British

Prime Minister Tony Blair, German Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder, to business tycoons like Bill Gates and Michael Dell.

There have been many other pioneering efforts at ITC Hotels and few of them are:

ITC Maurya is the first hotel in India to be awarded the Golden Peacock Environment Management Award for 2001 by the

World Environment Foundation.

Most recently, the Association of British Travel Agents (ABTA) in the April 2004 issue of its magazine Business and Travel,

declared ITC Sonar, Kolkata as one of the best hotels in the world, Dublin amongst the top 20 bars and in a fitting finale,

Bukhara was rated as the best restaurant in Asia and the finest Indian restaurant in the world.

ITC achieved FY15 Post-tax Profits up 12.5% on a comparable basis and Board recommends Dividend of Rs. 6.25 per share for

FY15 (previous year Rs. 6.00 per share).

http://www.tools4noobs.com/summarize/ BHM-1st Semester- Paper – V F&B service – 1 UUC/BSHMT/2015-16

INDIA TOURISM DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION LTD:

In 1964 three corporations were setup by - Government of India, viz. 1. India Tourism & Hotel Corporation; 2. India Tourism Corporation Ltd., and 3. India Tourism & Transport Corporation.

On 24th September 1966, the Government of India decided to merge these corporations and issued “India Tourism Corporation Amalgamation Order 1966” and formed a new corporation-India Tourism Development Corporation (ITDC) with an authorized capital of Rs.5 crores. Soon ITDC took over tourist “bungalows at:

1. Mahabalipuram, Tanjavur, Madurai.and Tiruchirapalli (Tamil Nadu) 2. Bijapur and Hassan (Karnataka)

3. Khajuraho, Sanchi and Mandhu (Madhya Pradesh) 4. Kullu and Manali (Himachal Pradesh)

5. Bodhgaya (Bihar) 6. Bhubaneswar (Orissa)

7. Rashi Nagar (Uttar Pradesh) 8. Ghana (Rajasthan)

The India Tourism Development Corporation Limited (ITDC) is Hospitality, retail and Education Company owned by Government of

India, under Ministry of Tourism. Established in 1966, it owns over 17 properties under the Ashok Group of Hotels brand, across

India.

ITDC came into existence in October 1966 and has been the prime mover in the progressive development, promotion and

expansion of tourism in the country. Broadly, the main objectives of the Corporation are:

To construct, take over and manage existing hotels and market hotels, Beach Resorts, Travellers' Lodges/Restaurants

To provide transport, entertainment, shopping and conventional services;

To produce, distribute, tourist publicity material;

To render consultancy-cum-managerial services in India and abroad;

To carry on the business as Full-Fledged Money Changers (FFMC), restricted money changers etc;

To provide innovating, dependable and value for money solutions to the needs of tourism development and engineering

industry including providing consultancy and project implementation.

Presently, ITDC has a network of eight Ashok Group of Hotels, five Joint Venture Hotels, 1 Restaurant, 11 Transport Units, 9 Duty

Free Shop at airport and seaports and two Sound & Light Shows Besides, ITDC is also managing a hotel at Bharatpur and a

restaurant at Kosi on behalf of the Department of Tourism.

THE ASHOK GROUP - THE LARGEST CHAIN IN INDIA

The Ashok group has 39 hotels in 32 major destination .The range of hotels varies from Five star deluxe to first class to budget,

depending on tourist needs. The Ashok group of hotel is India‟s gracious and regal host to leading national and international visitors.

The hotels have now been classified into 3 categories Elite, Classic and Comfort.

The 6 Elite hotels are Ashok group‟s five star deluxe properties that cater to the up market clientele. The classic group comprises of

sixteen unites that meet the expectations of the business travellers and mid-market guests. The comfort category provides home

comfort located across the capital.

The Ashok hotel, the group‟s flagship, offers the largest conventional hall in India with the capacity of seating 2500 people and is

named after the legendary philanthropist emperor Ashok. The hotels of the group are the Samrat, Qutab, Kanishka ,Janpath, Lodhi,

Ranjeet and Ashok Yatri Nivas - their names reflecting India‟s rich heritage.

• In central India, the Varanasi Ashok situated in the holy Hindu city, provides the base for tourists to explore the city.

Jodhpur, another beautiful city of Rajasthan, has Ratanada Ashok, Aurangabad, situated in the heart of Maharashtra, is the

base for visiting Ajanta and Ellora.

• Even within a nation as varied as India, the diversity of culture and landscape of eastern India encapsulates the mystery and

beauty of the orient .there are Ashok groups hotels at Ranchi ,Calcutta, Puri and Bhubaneswar.

• Six Ashok groups of hotels are situated in west India Jaipur, Udaipur, Aurangabad, Kolhapur and Pune.

• Brahmaputra Ashok at Guwahati one can explore Kaziranga, the home of One Horned Rhinoceros in Shillong, the capital city

of Meghalaya, the Ashok group is represented by pinewood Ashok.

• Hotel Jammu Ashok, in the north of the country, provides a convenient base for excursions into the beautiful valley of Kashmir.

• Located top Shamlan Hlls in Bhopal is hotel Khajuraho Ashok Built in the shadows of the famous , thousands years old

Khajuraho Temples.

• Shalie Palace Ashok in the princely town of Kolhapur and Executive Ashok in Pune complement the Ashok group in the west.

The Ashok group offers a complete Indian experience with an ever increasing network at taking care of its guests, with a

combination of dependable comfort and traditional Indian hospitability

India Tourism Development Corporation Ltd. has achieved a total turnover of Rs. 469.58 crore during the financial year 2013-14 as

against Rs. 440.64 crore in the previous year 2012-13 indicating an overall increase by 6.57%.

http://www.tools4noobs.com/summarize/ BHM-1st Semester- Paper – V F&B service – 1 UUC/BSHMT/2015-16

Note 1: The BCEC center is ideally situated along the Western Express Highway in Goregaon, within 10 minutes from airports,

walking distance to train stations and a 20 minute drive from the heart of the city. Bombay Convention & Exhibition Centre (BCEC)

is the largest and permanent exhibition center, in the private sector, in India and was set up in 1991. BCEC consists of four halls

occupying over 45,000 square meters of meeting and exhibition space.

Note 2 : India‟s largest conference center, Hyderabad International Convention Centre (HICC), officially opened this month.. The

purpose built convention center is managed by Accor and offers 291,000 sq. ft. (27,034 sm) of event space with a seating capacity

of 5,000 delegates. There is 250,000 sq. ft. (23,225 sm) pre-function space and 32-break out rooms. The center is equipped with

state-of-the-art automated facilities and A/V technologies. Plus the adjoining Novotel Hyderabad and a nine-hole golf course

has Total convention sq ft of about 9 million.

RAILWAY CATERING:

Railways were first introduced to India in 1853 from Bombay to Thane. In 1951 the systems were nationalized as one unit, the

Indian Railways, becoming one of the largest networks in the world and today Indian Railways is the world‟s ninth largest

commercial or utility employer, by number of employees, with over 1.4 million employees.

Introduction As we all know, railways are a major part of the common man‟s life. So is food. The need arose for good food to be

served to passengers on trains especially if they have a long and arduous journey ahead of them. Today, the Indian Railway

Catering and Tourism Corporation, a subsidiary of the Indian Railways, handles the catering, tourism and online ticketing operations

of the railways.

HISTORY OF RAILWAY CATERING:

Before the introduction of a mobile catering system, food was packed from homes and sent with the traveller. September 27th, 1999. It was a great day. It was the day the IRCTC was formed. This has changed the lives of millions of people due to the requirement of extra manpower, and has made it more convenient for the countless railway travelers throughout the year. Having food provided during journeys not only lightens the passenger‟s weight load but also allows them to buy food on the train, ensuring them their pre travel convenience. Prior to independence spencers was the major player for railway catering in India. THE ROLE OF SPENCERS IN RAILWAY CATERING

The association of the Spencers, with railways began as early as 1910. Spencers was a company of repute with a large network all over India. Catering was done on a contractual basis. The catering and hotels division of Spencers was responsible for these operations. The Spencers were catering under their own name to the M and SR (Madras and Southern Railways) and under the name of “Brodons¨. They were catering to the G.I.P.R. (Great Indian Peninsular Railways) whose headquarters were in Bombay, Gujarat, etc. Under the name of “Kellners¨ they created the BNR (Bengal Nagpur Railways) and also the N.W.F.R (North West Frontier Railway) and between Delhi, Amritsar and Lahore. Even at that time Spencer‟s had as many as 180 refreshment rooms all over India. The size of the restaurants, the staff and the menu were structured to meet most of the demands the people passing through the particular area. Even the smallest restaurant had:

A manager

A cook-cum-waiter (known as butler in those days)

A cleaner In minor trains, the guard on checking tickets would take orders from the passengers of first, second and even third class passengers and telegraph same to the station ahead, depending on the time of the train. In faster trains, Express and Mail they had pantry cars and restaurants on wheels, fitted with a rectangular kitchen, a pantry and an eating area. After independence Spencers lost the contract being a foreign company.

IRCTC ensures the caterers, based on the city and the railway stops, decide how best to serve food to the passengers. The types of railway catering adopted by IRCTC are: Transit catering - this deals with food that is served to passengers while they are travelling. In both cases, the IRCTC outsources

the food to certain companies who are legally bound by contracts and tenders to serve high quality food. There can either be one caterer in charge of one station (i.e they serve lunch and dinner to trains passing through) OR one caterer for a particular route. Terminal Catering- At every station there are food establishments where passengers can get down when the train breaks to eat

food. Whether it is Pizza, Biryani, Non Veg food, Jain food or a Simple Thali in a Train - Travelkhana.com delivers them through its vast

network One can select the journey date, choose a restaurant and station of one‟s choice and place an order right away. There are several similar startups like Comesum.com, Merafoodchoice.com, Yatrachef.com, Deliveryuncle.com, Raildarbar.com, Trainkhana.com and so on. World‟s fourth largest rail network, Indian Railways has recorded an increase in revenue earning during 201415 fiscal year at $25.30 billion (Rs 157880.50 crore), as compared to $22.56 billon (Rs 140761.27 crore) during the same period last year, registering an increase of 12.16%.

http://www.tools4noobs.com/summarize/ BHM-1st Semester- Paper – V F&B service – 1 UUC/BSHMT/2015-16

AIRLINE CATERING: Catering to airline passenger on flight as well as at restaurants situated at airport is termed as airlines catering and catering to

passengers en route is normally contracted out to a flight catering unit of a reputed hotel as to a catering contractor. Civil aviation

progressed rapidly after 2nd

World War when large numbers of surplus D.C.-III, C-47 aircraft were available for disposal. From 1946

private commercial Airlines began with subsequent food requirement. Initially food was provided inboxes pre-packed as the majority

of aircraft where without facilities of in-flight catering services. The international carriers operating through India had no flight kitchen

so they were largely dependent on the Airport Restaurants or hotels situated in nearby cities to cater to their requirements. It was

necessary to improve and to expand the kitchen service inside the airport to provide passengers with a comfortable service along

with the food within the cost of the Airline ticket. Several flight kitchens have been established in Delhi, Mumbai and Kolkata to cope

with the needs of the International Carriers. Air India floated a subsidiary company with a view to operate flight kitchen known as

“CHEF -AIR” and also accommodate travelers in five star category hotels at major airports (The Centaur Group of Hotels).

Now a days several flight kitchens are being established near the major airports of India such as, TajSATS Airlines Catering,

Oberoi‟s Flight Kitchen, Ambassador SkyChef, Sky Gourmet, Chef Air which are catering to the various domestic and International

Airlines. Leading Players in Indian In-Flight Catering Services Industry: Ambassador Sky Chef, LSG SkyChefs (LSG Lufthansa

Service Holding – Frankfurt – Germany. +49 6102 2400), Oberoi Flight Services, Sky Gourmet, and TajSATS Air Catering

(Partnership with Air India).

Note3: The Father of Indian Aviation is Jehangir Ratanji Dadabhoy (JRD) Tata‟s life was a convergence of influences and

interests. Born in 1904 in Paris, to a French mother and Indian father, he successfully straddled two cultures.

Jehangir Ratanji Dadabhoy Tata (29 July 1904 – 29 November 1993) was a French-born Indian aviator and business

tycoon. He was the Chairman of Tata Sons. He became India's first licensed pilot in 1929. In 1983, he was awarded the

French Legion of Honour and, in 1992, India's highest civilian award, the Bharat Ratna.

ROLE OF MULTINATIONAL CHAINS/GROUPS OF HOTELS IN THE INDIAN HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY AND THEIR

CONTRIBUTION TO THE INDIAN ECONOMY:

The role of the multinational companies is significant with their increasing contribution to the Economy. Basically Services are

intangible deeds, processes and performances that cannot be touched, seen or felt but can be experienced. The Service sector is

characterized by its diversity. Global opportunities are growing due to accelerated growth of the service economy. . In the hospitality

industry, Average room rate (ARR) and occupancy are the two most critical factors that determine the profitability, since most of the

marginal revenue gets added to the bottom-line. ARR in turn depends upon location, brand image, star rating, quality of facilities,

pricing of value added services, complementary services offered and the seasonal factor. The hotels to manage and invest their

fund in India adopt many business strategies to establish their place of business and create innovative service packages to their

customers.

Thus we have Hyatt Regency a renowned international hotel chain having tied up with AHL, Leela having tied up with Kempinski

and ITCH having a franchisee agreement with ITT Sheraton to use the latter's brand name. For the Indian hotel owners and the

international hotel chains the benefit is mutual, tie-up with an international hotel chain puts the hotel on the global map with access

to chain's reservation network worldwide. For the international hotel chain they can ride on the boom of the industry without making

enormous capital investments on infrastructure and facilities. Hotel operators want the leverage on their management expertise and

brand equity without making enormous capital investment.

Out of The top 10 nine are operating in India: 1. IHG- Intercontinental Hotels Group Number of Properties: 4697 Number of rooms: 686873

2. Hilton worldwide Number of Properties: 4115 Number of rooms: 678630

3. Marriot International Number of Properties: 3783 Number of rooms: 653719

4. Wyndham Hotel Group Number of Properties: 7485 Number of rooms: 645423

5. Choice Hotels International Number of Properties: 6303 Number of rooms: 602663

6. Accor Number of Properties: 3576 Number of rooms: 461719

7. Starwood Hotels and Resorts Number of Properties: 1161 Number of rooms: 339243

8. Best Western Number of Properties: 4046 Number of rooms: 314318

9. Home Inns Number of Properties: 2180 Number of rooms: 256555 (not operating in India)

10. Carlson Rezidor Hotel Group Number of Properties: 1079 Number of rooms: 168927