MECHANICAL & ELECTRICAL SYSTEMBFC 3153 / BFC 32603

Chapter 1:M&E System Scope & Impact

F K A A S , U T H M

EN. AHMAD SYUKRI BIN MOHD NASIR

THE IMPORTANCE OF M&E SYSTEM IN BUILDING Building/house – shelters from rain,

wind snow, sun and other harsh conditions of nature

Modern Building - Built to create better, more consistent, more productive environments in which to work and to live

Design with features: better lighting;

comfortable space temperature, humidity, and air quality;

convenient power and communication capability;

high quality sanitation;

reliable systems for the protection of life and property

THE IMPORTANCE OF M&E SYSTEM IN BUILDING Wide range of architectural design

innovation in style, form and scope not achievable - without utilization of M&E system

For examples:

i. block-type buildings without windows (such as department stores) - totally depend on electrical lighting, ventilation, and space conditioning

ii. High rise building - rely on high-speed vertical transportation and high pressure water for drinking and cleaning purposes and for protection against fire

THE SCOPE OF BUILDING M&E SYSTEMS Complexity of M&E systems varies

– living standards of the society, climatic conditions and occupancy & quality of the building, etc

For examples:

i. House located at mild climate – not require either heating or cooling

ii. Modern hospital – have supply of medical gas, standby electrical power, and telecommunication system

iii.Small office - need simple cooling device VS high-rise building - needs centralized cooling systems

THE SCOPE OF BUILDING M&E SYSTEMSBuilding M&E systems classified into three major categories:

1) Mechanical Systemso HVAC (Heating, Ventilating and

Air Conditioning)

o Site utilities (Water supply, stormwater drainage, sanitary disposal, gas supply)

o Plumbing (Water distribution, water treatment, sanitary facilities)

o Fire protection (Water supply, stand pipe, fire and smoke detection, automatic sprinklers)

THE SCOPE OF BUILDING M&E SYSTEMS2) Electrical Systems

o Electrical power; (Normal, standby, emergency power supply and distribution)

o Lighting; (Interior, exterior, emergency lighting)

o Auxiliary or support system; (Telephone, signal, data, audio video, fire alarm, security systems)

THE SCOPE OF BUILDING M&E SYSTEMS3) Building Operation Systems

o Transportation (Elevators, escalators, walkways)

o Processing (Production, food service)

o Automation (Environmental controls, managements)

THE IMPACT OF BUILDING M&E SYSTEMS Space planning

Architectural Design

Construction Cost

High-rise Building Design

Global Environments

THE IMPACT OF BUILDING M&E SYSTEMS1) Impact on Space Planning

o The M&E affects; the gross floor area, footprint (size & shape of ground floor), floor to floor height, geometry, architectural expression

o Allocations are made during the space programming phase to allow appropriate size and strategic location

o The most challenging and the least developed procedures in the architectural design process

THE IMPACT OF BUILDING M&E SYSTEMS1) Impact on Space

Planning

For example:

o Large office buildings: Central cooling/heating equipment needs extra floor to floor height (22ft~)

o Commercial Building: Complex ductwork, HVAC and plumbing needs ceiling cavity (2~3 ft)

THE IMPACT OF BUILDING M&E SYSTEMS1) Impact on Space Planning

o Table: lists the range of M&E space requirement base on occupancy

o Although the ranges are broad, they serve a basis for conceptual planning and budgetary

o Central vs Independent Systems, Ceiling vs Exposed piping/ ductwork, Passive vs Active Systems * Buildings other than those used for classrooms

follow the space required for specialty buildings such as laboratories, computer centers and residences.

THE IMPACT OF BUILDING M&E SYSTEMS2) Impact on Architectural Design

o Early building design; one room, one window for ventilation and lighting

o Modern buildings develops according to the modernization of building M&E systems

Common building geometry figures: linear, L-shape, U-shape, etc

THE IMPACT OF BUILDING M&E SYSTEMS2) Impact on Architectural

Designo Building Height vs Space

utilization; 7 storey (75ft ~) buildings are considered high-rise determined by the reach of firefighters ladder, limit the ability for human to walk up and down stairs, transportation is needed

o Height increases = Less usable space on the floor (more floor for stairs, elevators, structural elements, M/E shafts, etc)

THE IMPACT OF BUILDING M&E SYSTEMS3) Impact on Construction Cost

a)Building Height on Construction Cost

o Taller buildings needs more time, hoisting equipment and complicated scheduling to raise M&E materials to upper floors

o Buildings more than 10 stories increases 5-15% of cost for the next 5 stories per floor area, 15~ stories increases 10~15%

THE IMPACT OF BUILDING M&E SYSTEMS3) Impact on Construction Cost

b) M&E Systems on Construction Cost

o Depends on; the type of building, standard of living, architectural design, the systems selected

c) Impact on Operating Cost

o Includes; energy consumption, routine maintenance, repairs, replacements and utilities

o Cost of owning and operating M&E system may outweigh the initial capital investment

Range of M&E systems costs of buildings

THE IMPACT OF BUILDING M&E SYSTEMS4) Impact on High-rise Building

Designo Climate and economic factor –

affect the selection of M&E system

o High-rise need more space requirement for M&E system eg. central plant

o High-rise have one or more underground levels for utility service, delivery of supplies, fuel storage – underground level provide better structural stability

THE IMPACT OF BUILDING M&E SYSTEMS4) Impact on High-rise Building

Designo M&E central plant normally

located in an underground level – also may be located on rooftop

o Factor affecting the location: Accessibility for

loading/unloading equipment

Adequacy of floor height

Safety

Ease of maintenance

Vibration and noise from equipment

THE IMPACT OF BUILDING M&E SYSTEMS5) Impact on Global Environments

a) Impact of Technology on Global environment

o For industrial production, transportation, electrical power generation, building heating and cooling – increase use of fossil fuels (non-renewable source)

o CO2 levels increasing – cause greenhouse effect & global warming

o CFC/freon from refrigerants, aerosol cause ozone depletion

THE IMPACT OF BUILDING M&E SYSTEMS5) Impact on Global Environments

THE IMPACT OF BUILDING M&E SYSTEMS5) Impact on Global

Environments

b) Air pollutant due to Building Energy Consumption

o Electrical energy consumption, due to combustion/generated by oil, gas & coal – produce air pollutants:

Carbon dioxide CO2

Sulfur dioxide SO2 – acid rain, breathing problem

Nitrous oxide NOx

THE IMPACT OF BUILDING M&E SYSTEMS5) Impact on Global Environments

o Example:

A large 600,000 sq-ft office building has an average demand of 8 W/sq-ft of electrical power for its heating, air conditioning, lighting, plumbing, fire protection, elevators and other equipment. If the building operates about 4000hours a year, annual electrical energy consume:

600,000 x 4,000 x 0.008 = 19,200,000 kw-hr/year

THE IMPACT OF BUILDING M&E SYSTEMS5) Impact on Global Environments

o Example:

From table,

Then, the amount of pollutant:

Carbon dioxide CO2: 19,200,000 x 2.4 = 46,000,000 lb/yr

Sulfur dioxide SO2: 19,200,000 x 0.2 = 384,000 lb/yr

Nitrous oxide NOx: 19,200,000 x 0.01 = 192,000 lb/yr

CO2 SO2 NOX1 kW-hr electric energy generated by coal 1090 (2.4) 90 (0.2) 4.4 (0.01)Energy Converted or consumed

Air pollutants produced, gram (lbs)

THE IMPACT OF BUILDING M&E SYSTEMSGREEN BUILDING

What?A Green building focuses on increasing the efficiency of resource use – energy, water, and materials – while reducing building impact on human health and the environment during the building’s lifecycle, through better sitting, design, construction, operation, maintenance, and removal.

Why? to save energy and resources, recycle materials and minimise the

emission of toxic substances throughout its life cycle.

harmonise with the local climate, traditions, culture and the surrounding environment.

to sustain and improve the quality of human life whilst maintaining the capacity of the ecosystem at local and global levels.

make efficient use of resources, have significant operational savings and increases workplace productivity

THE IMPACT OF BUILDING M&E SYSTEMSGREEN BUILDING INDEX (GBI) Malaysia’s industry recognised green rating tool for

buildings to promote sustainability in the built environment and raise awareness among Developers, Architects, Engineers, Planners, Designers, Contractors and the Public about environmental issues and future generations.

provides an opportunity to design and construct green, sustainable buildings that can provide energy savings, water savings, a healthier indoor environment, better connectivity to public transport and the adoption of recycling and greenery for their projects and reduce our impact on the environment.

developed specifically for the Malaysian-tropical climate, environmental and developmental context, cultural and social needs

MECHANICAL & ELECTRICAL SYSTEMBFC 3153 / BFC 32603

Chapter 1:M&E System Scope & Impact

F K A A S , U T H M

EN. AHMAD SYUKRI BIN MOHD NASIR

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