TOPIC 1
description
Transcript of TOPIC 1
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TOPIC 1
TYPES OF HEARINGIMPAIRMENT
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Types of Hearing Impairment
A loss of sensitivity Auditory nervous system
pathology
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Important TermsTime of onset
Congenital: present at birth Acquired: obtained after
birth Adventitious: acquired after
birth
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Important Terms
Time Course
Acute: sudden onset/short duration Chronic: long duration Sudden: rapid onset Gradual: changes slowly over time
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Important TermsTime Course
Temporary: limited duration Permanent: irreversible Progressive: advancing Fluctuating: changes in degree
over time
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Important TermsNumber of Ears Involved
Unilateral: Just one
Bilateral: Both
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Hearing Sensitivity Loss“The ear is not as sensitive as
normal in detecting sound”
Types:
Conductive Sensorineural Mixed
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Conductive Hearing Loss
“Caused by an abnormal reduction or attenuation of sound as it travels from the outer ear to the cochlea”
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Conductive Hearing Loss
An audiogram of a bilateral conductive hearing loss
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Conductive Hearing Loss
Differences in the air-bone gap across different types of hearing loss
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Sensorineural Hearing Loss
“Caused by a failure in the cochlea to transduce the sound from the middle ear to neural impulses in the VIII Nerve.”
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Sensorineural Hearing Loss
n Implications include:
A reduction in the sensitivity of the receptor cells in the cochlea
A reduction in the frequency resolving power of the cochlea
A reduction in the dynamic range of the system
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Sensorineural Hearing Loss
An audiogram of a bilateral sensorineural hearing loss
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Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Differences in the air-bone gap across different types of hearing loss
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Mixed Hearing Loss
“A loss with both a conductive and sensorineural component.”
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Mixed Hearing Loss
An audiogram of a bilateral mixed hearing loss
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Mixed Hearing Loss
Differences in the air-bone gap across different types of hearing loss
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Types of Hearing Impairment
A loss of sensitivity
Auditory nervous system pathology
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Auditory Nervous System Impairment
Causes:
Disease Disordered auditory nervous
system development
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Auditory Nervous System Impairment
Kinds:
Retrocochlear disorders Central auditory processing
disorders
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Auditory Nervous System Impairment
§ Auditory Characteristics:
Reduced ability to understand speech in a noise background
Problems understanding speech with reduced redundancy
Problems with localization and lateralization
Problems processing normal or altered temporal cues
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