Topic 03 The Code - Millersville University...
Transcript of Topic 03 The Code - Millersville University...
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Topic 03The Code
I. Introduction A. The International Code of Nomenclature for Algae,Fungi, and Plants (ICN)
1. What
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I. Introduction A. The International Code of Nomenclature for Algae,Fungi, and Plants (ICN)
1. What2. Main Goal
I. Introduction A. The International Code of Nomenclature for Algae,Fungi, and Plants (ICN)
1. What2. Main Goal
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I. Introduction A. The International Code of Nomenclature for Algae,Fungi, and Plants (ICN)
1. What2. Main Goal3. Revisionary Process
I. Introduction
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I. Introduction A. The International Code of Nomenclature for Algae,Fungi, and Plants (ICN)
1. What2. Main Goal3. Revisionary Process4. Six Principles
I. Introduction
VictoriaAmazon water-lily
VictoriaMoth
a. Independence from other codes.
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I. Introduction
ColaCola beans
ColaMoth
I. Introduction
Pieris Pieris in Blueberry Family
PierisButterfly
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I. Introduction
OctolobusSmall trees from W Africa
Cacao Family
OctolobusPallas Cat from C & N Asia
Cat Family
I. Introduction
Ficus Figs
Ficus sea snail gastropods
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I. Introduction
Ficus variegata BlumeFig
photo by WingKLee
Ficus variegata Roding, 1798True Fig Shell
Photo by H. Zell
I. Introduction
Ficus ficusSea snail
Gorilla gorillaGorilla
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I. Introduction a. Independence from other codes.b. The Type Method
I. Introduction a. Independence from other codes.b. The Type Methodc. Priority
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I. Introduction a. Independence from other codes.b. The Type Methodc. Priority
I. Introduction a. Independence from other codes.b. The Type Methodc. Priority
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I. Introduction a. Independence from other codes.b. The Type Methodc. Priority
I. Introduction a. Independence from other codes.b. The Type Methodc. Priorityd. One correct name
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I. Introduction a. Independence from other codes.b. The Type Methodc. Priorityd. One correct namee. Names treated as Latin
I. Introduction a. Independence from other codes.b. The Type Methodc. Priorityd. One correct namee. Names treated as Latinf. Retroactive
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I. Introduction B. Ranks
1. Principal Ranks & Standard Suffixes
I. Introduction B. Ranks
1. Principal Ranks & Standard Suffixes (ordered by decreasing inclusivity2. Suffix Exceptions
Apiaceae
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I. Introduction B. Ranks
1. Principal Ranks & Standard Suffixes (ordered by decreasing inclusivity2. Suffix Exceptions
Arecaceae
I. Introduction B. Ranks
1. Principal Ranks & Standard Suffixes 2. Suffix Exceptions
Asteraceae
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I. Introduction B. Ranks
1. Principal Ranks & Standard Suffixes 2. Suffix Exceptions
Brassicaceae
I. Introduction B. Ranks
1. Principal Ranks & Standard Suffixes 2. Suffix Exceptions
Clusiaceae
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I. Introduction B. Ranks
1. Principal Ranks & Standard Suffixes 2. Suffix Exceptions
Fabaceae
I. Introduction B. Ranks
1. Principal Ranks & Standard Suffixes 2. Suffix Exceptions
Lamiaceae
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I. Introduction B. Ranks
1. Principal Ranks & Standard Suffixes 2. Suffix Exceptions
Poaceae
I. Introduction B. Ranks
3. Some Others
FamilySubfamily
TribeSubtribe
GenusSubgenus or Section
Speciessubspeciesvariatas (variety)forma (form)
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I. Introduction B. Ranks
4. Writing
Family: PoaceaeGenus: ZeaSpecies: Zea maysSubspecies: Zea mays ssp. mays
I. Introduction B. Ranks
4. Writing
Subspecies: Zea mays ssp. mays Gorilla gorilla diehli
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II. Generic NamesA. Characteristics
II. Generic NamesA. CharacteristicsB. Gender
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II. Generic NamesA. CharacteristicsB. GenderC. Honorary genera
III. Species NamesA. Characteristics
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III. Species NamesA. CharacteristicsB. Gender
III. Species NamesA. CharacteristicsB. GenderC. Descriptive epithets
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III. Species NamesA. CharacteristicsB. GenderC. Descriptive epithetsD. Honorary epithets
IV. AuthorshipA. Generalities
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IV. AuthorshipA. GeneralitiesB. > 2 Authors
IV. AuthorshipA. GeneralitiesB. > 2 AuthorsC. Parenthetical & Combining Authors
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IV. AuthorshipA. GeneralitiesB. > 2 AuthorsC. Parenthetical & Combining AuthorsD. Use of “ex”
V. Subspecific Taxa & HybridsA. Hybrids
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V. Subspecific Taxa & HybridsA. HybridsB. Subspecies & Varieties
V. Subspecific Taxa & HybridsA. HybridsB. Subspecies & VarietiesC. Forms
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V. Subspecific Taxa & HybridsA. HybridsB. Subspecies & VarietiesC. FormsD. Cultivars
VI. Nomenclatural TypesA. Species & Infraspecific Taxa
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VI. Nomenclatural TypesA. Species & Infraspecific Taxa
1. Type specimen(s)a. Specimen to which name is permanently attached.
VI. Nomenclatural TypesA. Species & Infraspecific Taxa
1. Type specimen(s)a. Specimen to which name is permanently attached. b. Promotes nomenclatural & conceptual stability
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VI. Nomenclatural Types
Species 1 Species 2
Example 1: Confusion in the correct attribution of the namesQ. coccinea and Q. rubra
VI. Nomenclatural TypesExample 1: Confusion in the correct attribution of the names
Q. coccinea and Q. rubra.
Plants of WV says:
Q. coccinea Q. rubra
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VI. Nomenclatural TypesExample 1: Confusion in the correct attribution of the names
Q. coccinea and Q. rubra.
Plants of PA, 2nd edition says:
Q. coccinea Q. rubra
VI. Nomenclatural TypesExample 1: Confusion in the correct attribution of the names
Q. coccinea and Q. rubra. Solution: 1) revisit original description
2) inspect type specimens
Type specimen for Q. coccinea
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VI. Nomenclatural TypesExample 2: Splitting
H. grandiflorus L. actually consists of 3 species
VI. Nomenclatural Types
One retains “H. grandiflorus L.”, but which one?
Example 2: Splitting
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VI. Nomenclatural Types
Type of H. grandiflorus
One retains “H. grandiflorus L.”, but which one?
Example 2: Splitting
Type of H. grandiflorus
VI. Nomenclatural Types
H. grandiflorus L.
Example 2: Splitting
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Type of H. grandiflorus
VI. Nomenclatural TypesExample 2: Splitting
H. grandiflorus L.
H. triangularus C.R.Hardy
H. rotundus C.R.Hardy
VI. Nomenclatural TypesA. Species & Infraspecific Taxa
1. Type specimen(s)a. Specimen to which name is permanently attached. b. Promotes nomenclatural & conceptual stabilityc. Type need not be typical.
Type of H. grandiflorusH. grandiflorus L.
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VI. Nomenclatural TypesPriority, rather than types dictate lumping decisions
H. grandiflorus L.
H. triangularus C.R.Hardy
H. rotundus C.R.Hardy
VI. Nomenclatural TypesPriority, rather than types dictate lumping decisions
Synonyms:
H. triangularus C.R.Hardy
H. rotundus C.R.Hardy
Accepted Name: H. grandiflorus L.
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VI. Nomenclatural TypesExample 3: Lumping
Synonyms:
H. triangularus C.R.Hardy
H. rotundus C.R.Hardy
Accepted Name: H. grandiflorus L.
VI. Nomenclatural TypesA. Species & Infraspecific Taxa
1. Type specimen(s)2. Types of types
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VI. Nomenclatural TypesA. Species & Infraspecific Taxa
1. Type specimen(s)2. Types of types
a. Holotype
VI. Nomenclatural TypesA. Species & Infraspecific Taxa
1. Type specimen(s)2. Types of types
a. Holotypeb. Isotype
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VI. Nomenclatural TypesA. Species & Infraspecific Taxa
1. Type specimen(s)2. Types of types
a. Holotypeb. Isotypec. Lectotype
Needed when….1) Holotype destroyed/lost2) No type designated (e.g. prior to Cambridge Code, 1930)
VI. Nomenclatural TypesA. Species & Infraspecific Taxa
1. Type specimen(s)2. Types of types
a. Holotypeb. Isotypec. Lectotype
Needed when….1) Holotype destroyed/lost2) No type designated (e.g. prior to Cambridge Code, 1930)
Select from (ranked list): 1) Among the isotypes2) Other specimens examined by author.
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VI. Nomenclatural TypesA. Species & Infraspecific Taxa
1. Type specimen(s)2. Types of types
a. Holotypeb. Isotypec. Lectotyped. Neotype
Needed when….1) No holo, iso, or lectotyes available.
VI. Nomenclatural TypesA. Species & Infraspecific Taxa
1. Type specimen(s)2. Types of types
a. Holotypeb. Isotypec. Lectotyped. Neotype
Needed when….1) No holo, iso, or lectotyes available.
Should be…1) chosen by current authority in pub2) match original description3) of similar provenance
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VI. Nomenclatural TypesA. Species & Infraspecific TaxaB. Genus
VI. Nomenclatural TypesA. Species & Infraspecific TaxaB. Genus
1) Type sp. (technically the type specimen of the type sp.)a. One so named by author or the first species named.
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VI. Nomenclatural TypesA. Species & Infraspecific TaxaB. Genus
1) Type sp. (technically the type specimen of the type sp.)a. One so named by author or the first species named.b. Sp. to which genus name is permanently attached
VI. Nomenclatural TypesA. Species & Infraspecific TaxaB. Genus
1) Type sp. (technically the type specimen of the type sp.)a. One so named by author or the first species named.b. Sp. to which genus name is permanently attached
What if Ted Nugent decides to split Plowmanianthus into 2 genera?
Plowmanianthus Faden et C.R.HardyPlowmanianthus dressleri Faden et C.R.HardyPlowmanianthus panamensis Faden et C.R.HardyPlowmanianthus grandifolius Faden et C.R.HardyPlowmanianthus perforans Faden et C.R.HardyPlowmanianthus peruvianus C.R.Hardy et Faden
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VI. Nomenclatural TypesA. Species & Infraspecific TaxaB. Genus
1) Type sp. (technically the type specimen of the type sp.)a. One so named by author or the first species named.b. Sp. to which genus name is permanently attached
What if Ted Nugent decides to split Plowmanianthus into 2 genera?
Plowmanianthus Faden et C.R.HardyPlowmanianthus grandifolius Faden et C.R.HardyPlowmanianthus perforans Faden et C.R.HardyPlowmanianthus peruvianus C.R.Hardy et Faden
Newgenus T.NugentNewgenus dressleri (Faden et C.R.Hardy) T.NugentNewgenus panamensis (Faden et C.R.Hardy) T.Nugent
VI. Nomenclatural TypesA. Species & Infraspecific TaxaB. GenusC. Family
Classification 1:
Magnoliaceae Juss.Liriodendron L. Magnolia L.Michelia L.
Classification 3:
Magnoliaceae Juss.Liriodendron L. Magnolia L.
Micheliaceae T.NugentMichelia L.
Classification 2:
Magnoliaceae Juss.Magnolia L.Michelia L.
Liriodendraceae T.NugentLiriodendron L.
Classification 4:
Magnoliaceae Juss.Michelia L.
Liriodendraceae T.NugentLiriodendron L. Magnolia L.
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VI. Nomenclatural TypesA. Species & Infraspecific TaxaB. GenusC. Family
Recall that family names are based on type genus and –aceaeArecaceae (Areca)Lamiaceae (Lamium)
VI. Nomenclatural TypesA. Species & Infraspecific TaxaB. GenusC. Family
Recall that family names are based on type genus and –aceaeArecaceae (Areca)Lamiaceae (Lamium)
But IBC voted to conserve old names while still accepting new names
PalmaeLabiatae
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VII. Legitamate Names & Valid Pub.A. Proper construction and original
e.g.• Magnoliaceae Juss.• Liriodendron L.• Liriodendron tulipifera L.• Liriodendron tulipifera ssp. tulipifera T.Nugent
VII. Legitamate Names & Valid Pub.B. Clear indication of rank & status
genus novum
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VII. Legitamate Names & Valid Pub.B. Clear indication of rank & status
species nova subspecies nova
genus et species nova
VII. Legitamate Names & Valid Pub.B. Clear indication of rank & status
genus novum combinatio nova
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VII. Legitamate Names & Valid Pub.D. Description or Diagnosis*
VII. Legitamate Names & Valid Pub.E. Effective Publication*