Tooth morphology and Intra oral anatomy
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Transcript of Tooth morphology and Intra oral anatomy
TOOTH MORPHOLOGY AND INTRA-ORAL ANATOMYTOOTH MORPHOLOGY AND INTRA-ORAL ANATOMY
Chinthamani Laser Dental Clinic
TOOTH MORPHOLOGY AND INTRA-ORAL ANATOMYTOOTH MORPHOLOGY AND INTRA-ORAL ANATOMY
Objectives:
1. Terminal Learning objective
Given the appropriate information, identify the basic facts and characteristics pertaining to the structure of the oral cavity with 70% accuracy.
2. Enabling Learning Objectives
a. Given the appropriate information, identify the basic facts and characteristics of the dentition with 70% accuracy.
b. Given the appropriate information, identify the basic facts and characteristics of the gingiva and tongue with 70% accuracy.
c. Given the appropriate information, identify the basic facts and characteristics of the saliva and salivary glands with 70% accuracy.
d. Given the appropriate information, identify the basic facts and characteristics of the nerves with 70% accuracy.
2. Enabling Learning Objectives, cont’d
A. Dentition
1. Tooth embryology
a. Growth period - tooth bud
forms, enamel and
dentin
are deposited to give tooth
shape
and size.
b. Period of calcification - hardening of tooth through deposition of calcium and mineral salts.
c. Period of eruption (1) Calcified tooth begins to move into functional position
(2) Continues throughout lifetime of tooth
2. COMPOSITION AND FUNCTION
a. ENAMEL- MAKES UP ANATOMIC CROWN, OUTER LAYER
(1) TRANSLUCENT SUBSTANCE COVERING ENTIRE CROWN
a. ENAMEL CONT’D
(2) RANGES IN COLOR FROM YELLOWISH TO GRAYISH WHITE COLOR
(3) HARDEST MATERIAL IN THE
HUMAN BODY.
(4) PROTECTIVE COVERING FOR THE SOFTER UNDERLYING DENTIN
a. ENAMEL CONT’D
(5) ENAMEL IS ABLE TO WITHSTAND CRUSHING STRESSES OF ABOUT 100,000 psi.
(6) INCAPABLE OF REMODELING AND REPAIR
b. DENTIN - MAKES UP BULK OF TOOTH
(1) COVERED BY ENAMEL ON CROWN AND CEMENTUM ON THE ROOT
(2) PALE YELLOW/SOMEWHAT TRANSPARENT; AFFECTS THE COLOR OF THE TOOTH(3) PROTECTS PULP(4) SUPPORTS ENAMEL
b. DENTIN CONT’D
(5) SENSATION CARRIED VIA TINY
CANALS CALLED DENTINAL
TUBULES
(6) SECOND HARDEST MATERIAL
IN THE HUMAN BODY
(7) CAPABLE OF LIMITED REGENERATION (SECONDARY DENTIN)-REPARATIVE REGENERATION BY PULP
b. Dentin cont’d
(1) PRIMARY FUNCTION - ANCHOR TOOTH TO BONY SOCKET VIA MEANS OF ATTACHMENT FIBERS(2) COVERS ROOT OF TOOTH, BELOW THE CEJ(3) LIGHT YELLOWISH COLOR
c. CEMENTUM
(4) THIRD HARDEST MATERIAL
IN THE HUMAN BODY
(5) INSERTION AREA OF PERIODONTAL LIGAMENTS
(6) CONTINUALLY FORMING
c. Cementum cont’d
d. PULP-SOFT TISSUE AT CENTER OF TOOTH AND IN THE PULP CANAL
(1) BLOOD VESSELS
(2) NERVES
(3) LYMPH
(4) CONNECTIVE TISSUE CONSISTS OF:
(a) CELLS (b) INTERCELLULAR SUBSTANCES (c) TISSUE FLUIDS
d. PULP-SOFT TISSUE AT CENTER OF TOOTH CONT’D
3. ANATOMY OF THE TOOTH 3. ANATOMY OF THE TOOTH
a. ANATOMIC CROWN- PORTION OF
TOOTH COVERED WITH
ENAMEL
b. CLINICAL CROWN- VISIBLE PART OF TOOTH ABOVE
GUM LINE
c. ROOT- PART OF TOOTH COVERED BY CEMENTUM, BELOW GUMLINE AND SEATED IN THE ALVEOLAR PROCESS (BONY SOCKET)
3. ANATOMY OF THE TOOTH CONT’D
3. ANATOMY CONTINUED...3. ANATOMY CONTINUED...
d. CEMENTO-ENAMEL JUNCTION (CEJ) (CERVICAL LINE) - WHERE THE ANATOMIC CROWN AND ROOT MEET
e. APEX- TIP OF ROOT
f. APICAL FORAMEN- OPENING AT THE ROOT TIP
3. ANATOMY CONTINUED...3. ANATOMY CONTINUED...
g. PULP CHAMBER-
CONTAINS PULP IN CONTAINS PULP IN
CROWNCROWN
h. PULP CANAL- CANALCANAL
RUNNING FROM APICALRUNNING FROM APICAL
FORAMEN TO THE PULPFORAMEN TO THE PULP
CHAMBERCHAMBER
a. ALVEOLAR PROCESS
(1) DEFINITION - PART OF THE MAXALLE AND MANDIBLE (UPPER AND LOWER JAWS) WHICH SUPPORT THE TEETH
4. SUPPORTING STRUCTURES OF THE TEETH
4. SUPPORTING STRUCTURES Cont’d
(2) FUNCTION - SURROUNDS ROOTS AND SUPPORTS THE TEETH
(3) COMPOSITION - COVERED BY DENSE BONE OUTSIDE, CANCELLOUS (porous) BONE INSIDE
b. PERIODONTALLIGAMENTS
(1) DEFINITION - FIBROUS TISSUES THAT ATTACH TEETH TO THE ALVEOLAR BONE
(2) FUNCTION - SUPPORTS AND PROTECTS THE TOOTH FROM NORMAL SHOCK
4. SUPPORTING STRUCTURES Cont’d
c. GINGIVA - SURROUNDS THE TEETH AND COVERS THE ALVEOLAR PROCESS
4. SUPPORTING STRUCTURES Cont’d
5. PERMANENT TEETH5. PERMANENT TEETH
a. QUANTITY- 32
b. CAN BE DIVIDED INTO:
(1) ARCHES - MAXILLARY & MANDIBULAR
b. QUADRANTS (1) MAX RIGHT, MAX LEFT
(2) MAND LEFT, MAND RIGHT
4. PERMANENT TEETH CONT’D
4. PERMANENT TEETH-CON’T4. PERMANENT TEETH-CON’T
(3) SEXTANTS (SIX SEGMENTS)
(a) MAXILLARY RIGHT POSTERIOR
(b) MAXILLARY
ANTERIOR
(c) MAXILLARY LEFT POSTERIOR
(d) MANDIBULAR RIGHT POSTERIOR
(e) MANDIBULAR ANTERIOR,
(f) MANDIBULAR LEFT POSTERIOR
(3) SEXTANTS- SIX SEGMENTS CONT’D
c. EACH QUADRANT CONTAINS ONE OF EACH TOOTH TYPE:
(1) CENTRAL INCISOR
(2) LATERAL INCISOR
(3) CUSPID (CANINE)
4. PERMANENT TEETH CONT’D
4. PERMANENT TEETH- CONT4. PERMANENT TEETH- CONT
(4) 1ST BICUSPID
(5) 2ND BICUSPID
(6) 1ST MOLAR
(7) 2ND MOLAR
(8) 3RD MOLAR
(WISDOM TOOTH)
(d) NUMBERING SYSTEM(d) NUMBERING SYSTEM
(1) MAXILLARY- PATIENT’S RIGHT TO LEFT #’S 1-16;
(2) MANDIBULAR- PATIENT’S LEFT TO RIGHT #’S 17-32
16
171
32
5. DECIDUOUS TEETH5. DECIDUOUS TEETH
a. QUANTITY- 20
b. EACH QUADRANT CONTAINS a--
(1) CENTRAL INCISOR
(2) LATERAL INCISOR
(3) CUSPID
(4) 1ST MOLAR
(5) 2ND MOLAR
6. SURFACES AND LANDMARKS 6. SURFACES AND LANDMARKS
a. OCCLUSION - CONTACT BETWEEN
MAXILLARY & MANDIBULAR TEETH
b. SURFACES OF TEETH
(1) FACIAL - NEXT TO CHEEKS & LIPS
(a) LABIAL- ANTERIOR FACIAL
(b) BUCCAL - POSTERIOR FACIAL (2) LINGUAL- NEXT TO TONGUE
b. SURFACES OF TEETH CONT’D
(3) MESIAL- TOWARD MIDLINE (MIDLINE - IMAGINARY LINE BETWEEN CENTRAL INCISORS.
b. SURFACES OF TEETH CONT’D
(4) DISTAL- AWAY FROM MIDLINE
(5) INCISAL- CUTTING EDGE OF ANTERIOR TEETH
(6) OCCLUSAL- CHEWING SURFACE OF THE POSTERIOR TEETH
b. SURFACES OF TEETH CONT’D
(1) PROXIMAL SURFACES- MESIAL OR DISTAL SURFACE OF A TOOTH LYING NEXT TO ANOTHER TOOTH
(2) INTERPROXIMAL SPACE (EMBRASURE)- SPACES BETWEEN TEETH, FILLED WITH HARD AND SOFT TISSUE
(INTERDENTAL PAPILLA)
c. LANDMARKS
(3) CUSPS- POINTED OR ROUNDED ELEVATIONS OF ENAMEL ON OCCLUSAL SURFACES
OF CUSPIDS AND POSTERIOR TEETH
C. LANDMARKS CONT’D
(4) BIFURCATED - TEETH
WITH TWO ROOTS
(5) TRIFURCATED -
TEETH WITH THREE
ROOTS
C. LANDMARKS CONT’D
(6) CINGULUM- BULGE OF
ENAMEL FOUND ON THE
CERVICAL THIRD OF THE
LINGUAL SURFACE OF
ANTERIOR TEETH
3. LANDMARKS CONT’D
B. GINGIVA AND TONGUE
1. GINGIVA- MUCOUS MEMBRANE
COVERING THE ALVEOLAR
PROCESSES AND ENCIRCLING
THE NECKS OF THE TEETH
a. MASS OF FLEXIBLE
VOLUNTARY MUSCLES
b. PAPILLAE (tiny projections) ON
DORSUM (top surface); CONTAINS
TASTE BUDS
2. TONGUE
C. SALIVA & SALIVARY GLANDS C. SALIVA & SALIVARY GLANDS
1. SALIVA- ORAL DIGESTIVE FLUID PRODUCED BY SALIVARY GLANDS
a. 2-3 PINTS/24 HOURS
b. PROVIDES SOME PROTECTION
AGAINST DENTAL CARIES
c. AIDS IN DIGESTION
d. d. SOURCE OF FLUORIDE, CALCIUM,
PHOSPHATE FOR TOOTH
REMINERALIZATION
e. CLEANSING ACTION
f. LUBRICATION EFFECT FOR
SWALLOWING
g. BUFFERING OF ACIDS-REDUCES pH
2. SALIVARY GLANDS 2. SALIVARY GLANDS
a. PAROTID GLANDS
(1) LOCATION-
IN CHEEK JUST
IN FRONT OF
EACH EAR
BILATERAL
2. SALIVARY GLANDS
(2) OPENING-EMPTIES INTO MOUTH OPPOSITE MAXILLARY SECOND MOLARS (STENSON’S DUCT)
(3) LARGEST SALIVARY GLANDS
a. PAROTID GLANDS CONT’D
b. SUBMANDIBULAR GLANDSb. SUBMANDIBULAR GLANDS
(1) LOCATION - BILATERAL, FLOOR OF MOUTH, POSTERIOR PORTION OF MANDIBLE (LINGUAL SURFACE)
(2) OPENING- LINGUAL TO MANDIBULAR INCISORS (WHARTON’S DUCT)
c. SUBLINGUAL GLAND c. SUBLINGUAL GLAND
(1) LOCATION - BILATERAL, FLOOR OF MOUTH UNDER TONGUE
(2) OPENING - SERIES OF DUCTS UNDER THE TONGUE (DUCTS OF RIVINUS AND WHARTON’S)
(3) SMALLEST SALIVARY GLANDS
D. NERVESD. NERVES
D. NERVESD. NERVES
1. TRIGEMINAL- (FIFTH CRANIAL NERVE)
a. PRIMARY SOURCE OF INNERVATION FOR THE ORAL CAVITY
INNERVATION: TO SUPPLY WITH
NERVES, TO STIMULATE.
b. HAS THREE MAIN DIVISIONS
1. TRIGEMINAL
D. NERVESD. NERVES
(1) OPTHALMIC DIVISION- GIVES SENSATION TO TISSUE AROUND EYES AND FOREHEAD (INNERVATION)
(2) MAXILLARY BRANCH- SENSORY
NERVE (SENSORY-CARRIES
IMPULSES FROM SKIN/
ORGANS TO THE BRAIN)
(a) INNERVATES
MAXILLARY
TEETH
D. NERVESD. NERVES
(b) FURTHER DIVIDED INTO MANY SMALLER BRANCHES. THREE MAJOR BRANCHES ARE--
1. TRIGEMINAL CONT’D
1 ANTERIOR SUPERIOR
ALVEOLAR- INNERVATES
MAXILLARY
INCISORS AND CUSPIDS
1. TRIGEMINAL CONT’D
2 MIDDLE SUPERIOR ALVEOLAR- INNERVATES
MESIO- FACIAL ROOT OF THE MAXILLARY FIRST MOLAR AND THE BICUSPIDS
1. TRIGEMINAL CONT’D
3 POSTERIOR SUPERIOR ALVEOLAR- INNERVATES MAX
MOLARS EXCEPT FOR
MESIO-FACIAL ROOT OF THE MAXILLARY
1ST MOLAR
1 TRIGEMINAL CONT’D
(3) MANDIBULAR DIVISION
(a) SUPPLIES
SENSATION TO
ALL MANDIBULAR
TEETH AND TISSUE
(b) THREE MAJOR
BRANCHES
1. TRIGEMINAL CONT’D
1 INFERIOR ALVEOLAR NERVE-
INNERVATES THE
MAN TEETH,
MAN GINGIVA,
AND THE
LOWER LIP UNILATERALLY
1. TRIGEMINAL CONT’D
3 LINGUAL- INNERVATES ANTERIOR 2/3 OF THE TONGUE AND MUCOSA ON THE FLOOR OF THE MOUTH
1. TRIGEMINAL CONT’D
3 BUCCAL- INNERVATES THE BUCCAL MUCOUS MEMBRANES
1. TRIGEMINAL CONT’D
2. FACIAL
SEVENTH CRANIAL NERVE-
MOTOR AND SENSORY IN
NATURE
MOTOR-CARRIES IMPULSES
FROM THE BRAIN AND SPINAL
CORD TO MUSCLES AND GLANDS
1. TRIGEMINAL CONT’D
B. INNERVATES
(1) MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION
(2) TASTE BUDS ANTERIOR
2/3 OF TONGUE
(3) SALIVARY GLANDS
1. TRIGEMINAL CONT’D
SUMMARYSUMMARY
IDENTIFY BASIC FACTS AND CHARACTERISTICS PERTAINING TO THE STRUCTURES OF THE ORAL CAVITY, WITH 70% ACCURACY
DENTITION GINGIVA TONGUE SALIVA AND SALIVARY GLANDS NERVES
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