Tomatoes, peppers and eggplants in high tunnels
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Tomatoes, Peppers and Eggplants in High Tunnels
Terrance T. NennichExtension Professor
Vegetable and Small Fruit ProductionUniversity of Minnesota Extension
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Tomatoes
• Tomatoes are the number one product grown in high tunnels
• High Market demand• Very nutritious• Cost effective• Many uses • Profitable• Easily grown for the most part• Large selections of varieties
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Tomato Culture
• Determinant vs indeterminate • Plant spacing 18 inches to 3 ft, • Plant on beds, or flat• Soil Nutrition is extremely important • Disease control• Irrigation • Weed control
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“Book Values” for Tomatoes
N P K Plant Part -------- lb per ton F.W. ------------ Fruit 3.4 0.4 6.0 Vines 2.6 0.4 3.4 Total 6.0 0.8 9.4
A 50 ton yield/A would require: ( 20 Lbs Plant)300 lbs N/A 40 lbs P/A (92 lbs P2O5)470 lbs K/A (564 lbs K2O)
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Soil Nutrient Research 2008Fertilized Plots
Cobra Tomatoes0-6 inch soil depth
N P KBefore Season 263 252 1349
After Harvest 26 235 173
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Ventilation
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Leaf mold on tomato (Fulvia fulva)
Highly dependent on high RH and temperature for disease development
Conidia can survive at least 1 year in the soil
Conidia germination requires RH > 85% and an optimal temperature 68-77°F
Disease rarely occurs below 50°F
Numerous strainsSharon Douglas, CAES
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Four stages of disease management
1. Pre- High Tunnel Establishment
2. Pre- Season
3. Transplant Production
4. Crop Production
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Irrigation
• How long would you like to go without water?
• 10 hours of drought can delay maturity 2 days
• Drastically reduce quality
• Soil nutrients can only be taken up in solution • Fertilizer and water .
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Tomato Evaluation
• How do you evaluate a high tunnel tomato?– Size ?– Color?– Yield ?– Earliness?– Firmness ?– Heirloom ?– Flavor ?– You make the Call
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Cobra Indt
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Sunstart /Det/ 60 days
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Sunstart / det, 60 day
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Sunshine, det/ 65 days
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Valley Girl
• Early• Determinant• Very cold set • Fast ripping• Firmness ?
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New Girl
• A lot like early girl• 62 days • More uniform• Better Blight resistance
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Pole Big /det/ 60 days
• Determinant • Compact Plant • 60 day
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BHN 189
• Determenent• 60 days• Hot set• Smaller• Compact vine
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Mountain Spring/ Det /72 day
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Mountain Glory
• determinant• Very dome shaped• 72 day • Good disease package.
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BHN 589
• Determinent• 75 day• Excellent flavor• A little soft• Excellent color
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BNH 1021
• Determinant• Vigorous• 8 -18 oz• Smooth tomato • 75 +
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FinishLine
• Determinent • Very full season• Very large/ uniform • Very firm
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Red Line
• Early Midseason• Firm• Very Large• Maintains size• Upcoming HT Tomato
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O5229Yds
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Charger
• Mid Season• Firm• I year of trials
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Rocky Top
• Mid season• Dark Red• High Tunnel Heat• Firm
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Ultra Sweet
• First High Tunnel Tomato• Indt• Good Color• Early• Yield ??
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Applause
• Determinant• Cold set • Cooler conditions. • 67 – 70 day • Large 10-14 oz• Holding size ?• Firm ?
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BHN 268 Cherry
• Determent • Very uniform• High yield• Stake
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Golden Sweet Grape
• Larger• Good color• Firm • Indet
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Montesino Grape
• Indeterment• Large grape
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BHN 785
• Determent• Large grape• Different in tunnels • Sweet
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Pepper Culture
• Raised Beds• 20 inches wide, Minimum • Plastic Green• Two rows on each bed • Plants are 18 inches in the row• Rows are 8 inches apart.
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Pepper Culture
• Possibility of widening the bed• Widen the spacing between rows • Use two drip tapes.
• Staking or weaving is important.• Shade cloth
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Major Concerns
• Aphids• Mites• White Flies• Tip Burn • Blossom end rot
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Takii Ace
• Very early • 50 day• Completely different
in high tunnels• Three lobe pepper• Excellent Green to
Red
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Hunter
• Early Pepper• Blocky• 4 lobe• Good green to red
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Chesapeake
• High tunnel pepper• 4 lobed pepper• Very uniform• Mid season• Very quick color change
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King Arthur
• Older pepper• Very large• Latter season• Uniform• Must be stakes in tunnels
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Tomcat
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Intruder
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PSO9941819 Green Bell
• Mid season• Strong Continuous Set• Green to Red• Anthocyaninless• Very smooth skin• Must be staked
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Hunter Pepper
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Triple Star
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Mango
• Mid Season• Green to Orange• Smaller plant• Stake• Very thick• High fertility
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Moonset
• Mid Season• Green to Yellow• Blocky
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Aruba
• Excellent growth in H T• Cubanelle• Good color• Very prolific
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Anastar
• Anaheim• Very long• 9 inches• 1500 S U• Mid to later season
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Tiburon
• Ancho• 1000 -3000 S R• Green to red
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Inferno
• Hot banana• Turns nice bright red• Early 60 -65 day• 2500 – 4500 S R
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Habanero
• Red , Yellow, Orange• Very hot• Small plant• Late season
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Hungarian Hot Yellow Wax
• Open Pollinated• Hot • Inexpensive seed• Good yield• Average color• Uniform ?
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Sweet Banana
• Open pollinated• Sweet • Not Hot• Very prolific• Not uniform
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Golden Summer
• Mid Season• Green to Yellow• Turns Quickly• Good yield• Medium Size• Heavy set
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# 7 Jalapeno
• Rupp Seed• Very early• Strong continuous set• Semi hot• Green to red
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EggPlant Culture
• Raised Beds• 20 inches wide, Minimum • Plastic Green• Two rows on each bed • Plants are 18 inches in the row• Rows are 8 inches apart.
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Eggplant Culture
• Possibility of widening the bed• Widen the spacing between rows • Use two drip tapes.
• Staking or weaving is important.
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Major Concerns
• White Flies• Aphids• Potato beetle• Pollination• Blossom abortion
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Epic
• Black • Glossey • Uniform• 4X8 Big in tunnels
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Millionaire
• Japanese Type• Early • Smooth• Must stake
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Orient Express
• Early• Smooth• 10 inches long• Cold set• Takes early cool springs
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Galine Italian
• Early • Cold set• Continuous set• Gets big in high tunnels • Very smooth
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Fairy Tale
• Small • 1 inch x 5 inches• Solid• Very polific
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Gretel
• White egg color• Very early• 2009 AAS Winner• 4 inches long• 1 inch • solid
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Hansel
• Early • AAS winner• Harvest at 4 inches• Will continue to grow to 10
inches
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Nadia
• Full size• Cool set• Will keep• Solid • Calyx stays green
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Tango
• Large white• 7 x 2 - 9 x 3• Very classy
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Nubia
• 8 inches long• 3 inches in diameter• Good color• Mid – late season• Tall plant