Toledo Metroparks Climate Action Plan

CIVE 4690

Sustainability Engineering Class

April 16, 2012

Overview

• Climate Action Plan • Total Emissions Breakdown • Mitigation Strategies & Results

– Stationary – Mobile – Electric – Fertilizer – Wastewater – Solid Waste

• Total Emission Reduction

Climate Action Planning Process

2010 Emissions in MTCO2e

Source Emissions (metric tons CO2e)

Natural Gas 304

Propane 157

Purchased Electricity 705

Mobile Combustion 323

Wastewater 3.8

Fertilizer 3

Solid Waste 163

Total 1658.8

304

165

705

323

4 3

163

Total Emission Breakdown in MTCO2e

Natural Gas

Propane

Purchased Electricity

Mobile Combustion

Wastewater

Fertilizer

Solid Waste

18.2%

9.9%

42.3%

19.4%

0.2%

0.2%

9.8%

Total Emissions Breakdown

Natural Gas

Propane

Purchased Electricity

Mobile Combustion

Wastewater

Fertilizer

Solid Waste

Raw Data Propane

• Used: 29299 gal. for 2010.

– 29299 gal x 5.59 kg CO2/gal= 163781 kg CO2

– 29299 gal x 0.001 kg CH4/gal= 29.3 kg CH4

– 29299 gal x 0.0001 kg N2O/gal= 2.92 kg N2O

• Emissions:

– 163781+(29.3*25)+(2.92*298)=165386 kg CO2e

– 165386 kg CO2e / 1000 kg = 165.4 MTCO2e.

Propane Emission Data

• Total emissions were 165.4 MTCO2e.

2186.6

5931.3 5600.45

2021.2

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

Secor Maint Nature Photo Lodge Oak Openings OO- Walk-in Center

Pro

pan

e C

on

sum

pti

on

(ga

l)

Building

Top 4 Propane Building

Propane Reduction Strategies

• Assume 80% of propane usage goes to heat and 20% water

• Turn off pilot light during the summer months – Cost: Free

– Savings: 1% of usage

• Install insulating jackets on hot water heaters and pipes – Cost: $25-$40 per tank; varies per foot

– Savings: 3% of usage

Propane Reduction Strategies

• Lower water heater temperature to 120

– Cost: Free

– Savings: 4% of usage

• Check tanks after every fill up to make sure no leaks.

– Cost: Employee time

– Savings: Reduces waste if there is a leak.

Propane Reduction MTCO2e

• Reduction:

– Total 8%

– 165.4 MTCO2e * .08 = 13.2 MTCO2e

• Total Emissions after reductions:

165.4 MTCO2e -13.2 MTCO2e =152.2 MTCO2e

Raw Natural Gas Data

• Natural gas – (56,290 ccf x 100 cf x 1020 BTU)/10^6= 5741 MMBTU

– 5741 MMBTU x 53.06 kg CO2/MMBTU= 304617.46 kg CO2

– 5741 MMBTU x 0.0005 kg CH4/MMBTU= 2.8705 kg CH4

– 5741 MMBTU x 0.0001 kg N2O/MMBTU= 0.5741 kg N2O

• Emission – 304617.46+(2.8705*25)+(0.5741*298)=304860.304 kg CO2e

– 304860.304 /1000= 304 MT CO2e

Raw Natural Gas Data

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

1

Nat

ura

l Gas

Use

d (

ccf)

Building

Top 4 Natural Gas Consumption

5100 W. Central Ave (B)

5100 w. Central Ave (C)

4600 Star Ave

4830 W. Central Ave

Natural Gas Reduction Strategies

• Keeping your thermostat turned down and install a programmable thermostat

– Cost: less than $50

– Savings: up to 10%

• Regularly maintain furnace and change your air filter-wastes energy because it prevents air flow

– Cost: $15

– Savings:3-10%

• Natural Gas furnace that’s more than 15 years old, it may be time to upgrade to a more efficient model

– Cost: $2000

– Savings: up to 20%

Natural Gas Reduction MTCO2e

• Total reduction= 20%

– 304*0.2=60.8

• Total Emission after reduction

– 304-60.8=243.2 MT CO2e

Total Vehicle Breakdown

17%

42%

16%

9%

9% 7%

Percent Emissions From Vehicles

Vehicle

y = 333.01x + 804.02

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

20000

0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00

Fleet Vehicles

Fleet …

gas mileage (mpg)

Mile

s D

rive

n b

y V

ehic

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Fleet Emissions Data

• Use slide from analysis presentation with any new work

Vehicle Vin Number Make Model MPG Distance

Travelled

(miles)

Year Carbon Foot Print

(Tons of CO2)

A 2FAFP71W27X102516 Ford Crown Victoria 10.84 15032 2007 14.2

B 1FMEU72E66UB70498 Ford Explorer 12.95 16352 2006 12.9

C 1FMZU72K25ZA75817 Ford Explorer 11.15 13874 2005 12.7

D 2FAFP71W75X174342 Ford Crown Victoria 10.21 11440 2005 11.4

E 1FMZU72K45ZA75818 Ford Explorer 12.51 10111 2005 8.3

F 1FMZU72K95ZA75815 Ford Explorer 14.16 16572 2005 12.0

G 1FTRX18W92NB72891 Ford F150 13.72 11966 2002 8.9

Total 80.4

Calculations of Carbon Footprint

Replaced With Identical Vehicles (2012)

Vehicle Cost If Replaced With Same

MPG if Replaced With

Same

Miles Travelled Carbon Foot Print (Tons of

CO2)

Percent of Reduction in Carbon Foot

Print

A $25,000 (2011) 20 15032 7.7 46%

B $34,100 20 16352 8.3 36%

C $30,800 20 13874 7.1 44%

D $25,000 (2011) 20 11440 5.8 49%

E $34,100 20 10111 5.2 37%

F $34,100 20 16572 8.5 29%

G $29,700 18.5 11966 6.1 31%

Total 48.7 39%

Replaced with Higher MPG Vehicle Vehicle

Better Replacement Make

Better Replacement Model

Cost ($)

MPG Miles Travel

led

Carbon Foot Print (Tons of

CO2)

Percent of Reduction in Carbon Foot Print

Pay Off Period (Compared with

Purchasing a Different Model)

A Ford Taurus-SHO 35,600 25 15032 6.1 57% 16.63 years

B Ford Escape (Hybrid)

31,500 28 16352 6.0 53% 0

C Ford Escape (Hybrid)

31,500

28 13874 5.1 60% 0

D Ford Taurus-SHO 35,600 25 11440 4.7 59% 21.85 years

E Ford Escape (Hybrid)

31,500

28 10111 3.7 55% 0

F Ford Escape (Hybrid)

31,500

28 16572 6.0 50% 0

G Ford F150 29,700 18.5 11966 6.1 31% SAME

Total 37.7 53%

Fuel Economy

010

Vehicle Current Vehicle Fuel Economy

(mpg) Replaced With Same Vehicle Fuel

Economy (mpg) Replaced with Hybrid (mg)

A 10.84 20 25

B 12.95 20 28

C 11.15 20 28

D 10.21 20 25

E 12.51 20 28

F 14.16 20 28

G 13.72 18.5 18.5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

A B C D E F G

MP

G

Vehicle

Comparison of the MPG

Original Vehicles

Same Replacement

Higher MPG Replacement Vehicles

Vehicle Carbon Footprint Reduction

100

Vehicle Current Carbon Footprint

(Tons of CO2) Replacement of Same Vehicle

Carbon Footprint (Tons of CO2)

Replacement of Hybrid/Better MPG Vehicle Carbon Footprint (Tons of CO2)

A 14.2 7.7 6.1

B 12.9 8.3 6.0

C 12.7 7.1 5.1

D 11.4 5.8 4.7

E 8.3 5.2 3.7

F 12.0 8.5 6.0

G 8.9 6.1 6.1

Totals = 80.4 48.7 37.7

0

5

10

15

A B C D E F G

Car

bo

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t (T

on

s o

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O2

)

Vehicle

Comparison of the Carbon Foot Print Produced

Origianal Vehicle Carbon Foot Print

Replaced with Same Vehicle Carbon Foot Pring

Replaced with a Higher MPG Vehicle Carbon Foot Pring

Fertilizer Use

Year Collected Synthetic Fertilizer

(lbs)

Nitrogen (%)

Associated Emissions (MT eCO2)

2010 1200 50 3

Fertilizer Mitigation

• Fertilizer Efficiency – Fertilizer Type (PFC’s)

– Amount applied

– Timing/rate of application

• Organic/Composting – Better for soil

– Grows healthier plant tissue

– Doesn’t overwhelm plants with just nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium

– Balanced combination of more nutrients

– Larger footprint

– Requires much more application

Electricity Emissions

First Energy, Bayshore Power Plant

2010 Data Collected kWh Associated Emissions (

MT eCO2) Cost

(Dollars)

Purchased Electricity 1,097,192.06

705 123,720.60

-Indirect greenhouse gas emissions

-Reducing emissions also reduce the amount of money spent yearly on purchased electricity

Electricity Progress 2006-2011

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200000

400000

600000

800000

1000000

1200000

1400000

1600000

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Co

nsu

mp

tio

n (

kWh

)

Year

Efficiency

Efficiency

Electricity Analysis

$0.00

$5,000.00

$10,000.00

$15,000.00

$20,000.00

$25,000.00

0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000

Co

st (

$)

Consumption (kWh)

Consumption Bill Total

Consumption Bill Total

Solar Energy

Top Two Energy Consumption

Location kwh/year cost/year

Wildwood Ward Pavilion 110120 12946.83

Wildwood Manor House 224300 23526.49

System

Incentives

Savings

Carbon

Wind Turbine • 6 ft. diameter

• 0.5 – 38 mph wind

• 125 kWh/month

• $4,500

• 1.36 % energy savings per month per unit

• 74 units would produce monthly demand

• @ 0.15 $/kWh:

• $225 savings per year per unit

• 20 year payback period

Ways to save on electricity

• If appropriate, use laptop computers. These portable computing machines consume 90 percent less energy than standard desktop computers.

• If the cooling system is more than 15 years old, it is highly recommended to replace it. Shop around and find a model that is energy efficient and is the appropriate size for the amount of space that is needed to be cooled.

Solid Waste Inventory

Summer Yardage (yds^3)

Winter Yardage (yds^3)

Total Yardage (yds^3)

Short Tons of Solid Waste

5611.68 1506.84 7118.52 533.889

* All garbage cans are emptied into dumpsters

Year # of trash

containers

Solid Waste

(Yd3/year)

Emissions

MT eCO2

2010 17 7118.52 163

Recycled Material Inventory

yds^3 Short Tons

Glass/Plastic recycled 3427.2 257.04

Paper/Cardboard 14649.6 1098.72

Material Tons

Recyled Tons

Landfilled Tons

Combusted Tons

Composted Total

MTCO2E

Mixed Paper (general) 1099 X X X -3857

Mixed Plastics 257 X X X -385

Total emissions come out to be -4079 MTCO2E

Solid Waste Mitigation

• As it stands, total emissions are -3916 MTCO2E

• This means the emissions created from solid waste are negated and an additional 3916 MTCO2E is offset as well

• Improvements to be made: – Add more recycling bins

– Increase the size of existing bins

– Introduce recycling bins to new locations

Solid Waste Mitigation

Year

Wastewater outflow

to WWTP

Volume (MG)

Associated Emissions

(MT eCO2)

2010 14.1 3.79

Wastewater Raw Data

Septic Tanks Total septic tanks = 35,500 gallons estimated to population use of 7395 people

Total emissions from septic tanks = 17018.4 MT C02e

Wastewater Mitigation

• Considered Waterless Urinals – Determined to be not beneficial

– Filter costs replace water costs

• Water Meters – Already in place and satisfactory water

management

• Because of WW’s limited impact, it was determined to be more rewardable to pursue other emission sources

Forestry Stock

“Our direct measurements of CO2 at the Oak Openings in the past 8 years showed 2.79 to 3.66 Mg C/ha/year. ”

-Jiquan Chen

Total Land (acres)

Offset Per Acre

(MT eCO2)

Associated Emissions (MT eCO2)

10500 1.48 15552

Education and Outreach

• Educate park staff, including seasonal, on sustainability.

• Education opportunities with visitors, school groups, and partners.

• Are you sharing success stories with visitors?

• Include signage for education.

• Promote the value of your forestry stock.

Summary of Implementation Plan

• Insulate pipes and water tanks.

• Energy audit.

• Turn off systems at night and winter.

• Renewable Energy Offsets

• Use trailers instead of heavy duty trucks.

• Future investments should focus on efficiency.

• Make recycling signage clear for all visitors.

Total Emissions Reduction (MTCO2e)

304

165

705

323

4 3 163

2010 Emissions Natural Gas

Propane

Purchased Electricity

Mobile Combustion

Wastewater

Fertilizer

Solid Waste

242

152

630

291

4 3 163

Reduced Footprint

1667 MTCO2e

1484 MTCO2e

Conclusion

• Climate Friendly Parks Work To:

– train staff on the issue of climate change,

– manage and reduce their own environmental footprint, and

– show visitors ways they can be a part of the solution.